Язык политики – попытка однозначной классификации

The article is an attempt at an unequivocal determination of the belonging of the language of politics to the particular variation of the language of the style. The text verifies the language of politics as a sociolect and from the functional perspective.Статья является попыткой однозначно определить принадлежность языка политики к конкретной языковой разновидности или стилю. В тексте язык политики рассматривается как социолект, а также с перспективы функционального стиля.Uniwersytet w Białymstok

Drobna szlachta podlaska w XVI-XIX wieku. Materiały sympozjum w Holnach Mejera (26-27 maja 1989) pod redakcją Stefana K. Kuczyńskiego, Białystok 1991, s. 186

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Rozwój układu przestrzennego Mielnika z XIII-XVIII w.

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When inmates make the rules (and enforce them): democracy in self-governing prisons

What happens when a state fails to run its prisons? David Skarbek and Courtney Michaluk examine the phenomenon of prison self-governance – when inmates are locked up but left to their own devices. In some jails in Latin America, prisoners establish their own governing bodies to keep order, sometimes even setting up extralegal courts of their own. Even in California, understaffing means that gangs determine much of everyday prison life

Assessment of the Quality and Shelf-Life in Enriched n3 PUFA Raw Beef Patties Using Dry Soybean Sprouts as Antioxidant

The appearance of fresh meat is a major determinant of its appeal to consumers. Ground beef in retail display oxidizes at a faster rate than whole muscle products; the use of antioxidants to break the radical chain reaction in the oxidation process is an effective method for slowing oxidation. Soybean is a complex matrix with several bioactive compounds, including peptides and proteins, isoflavones, saponins, and other compounds with antioxidant properties. This study was conducted for 1) to evaluate the antioxidant properties of dry soybeans sprouts (DSS) from Glycine max (L.) Merr., MUNASQA®; 2) to evaluate quality characteristics of raw beef patties added with dried soybean sprouts at different levels (0.5%, 1% and 2%) and soybean oil as replacer of fat; and 3) to estimate color changes and lipid oxidation of n3 fortified raw beef under frozen storage. Results showed that dry soybean sprouts had a high level of superoxide dismutase enzyme, high total phenolics and flavonoids content and appreciable vitamin c content. Although reduction power was low, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2?-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6- sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radicals scavenging activity were elevated. When different concentrations of DSS were incorporated to enriched beef patties with soybean oil, the nutritional value was slightly affected, while that n3 and n6 fatty acid content were increased around three twice. The beef patties formulated with 1% of natural antioxidant showed significantly (p < 0.05) better color stability than those without antioxidants. The lipid oxidation was inhibited in all cases, and was strongly effective at 1% concentration of DSS being the reduced percent of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) comparable to butilated hydroxianisole (BHA). The results shown in this research suggest that dry soybeans sprouts could also be used as a cheap natural antioxidant source for meat products.Fil: Romero, Mara Cristina. Universidad Nacional del Chaco Austral. Departamento de Ciencias Basicas y Aplicadas. Laboratorio de Industrias Alimentarias Ii; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Garro, Oscar Alfredo. Universidad Nacional del Chaco Austral. Departamento de Ciencias Basicas y Aplicadas. Laboratorio de Microbiología de Alimentos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Romero, Ana María. Universidad Nacional del Chaco Austral. Departamento de Ciencias Basicas y Aplicadas. Laboratorio de Industrias Alimentarias Ii; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Michaluk, Ariel German. Universidad Nacional del Chaco Austral. Departamento de Ciencias Basicas y Aplicadas. Laboratorio de Industrias Alimentarias Ii; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Doval, Mirtha Marina. Universidad Nacional del Chaco Austral. Departamento de Ciencias Basicas y Aplicadas. Laboratorio de Industrias Alimentarias Ii; ArgentinaFil: Judis, Maria Alicia. Universidad Nacional del Chaco Austral. Departamento de Ciencias Basicas y Aplicadas. Laboratorio de Industrias Alimentarias Ii; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

The Influence of historical heritage on idea of Belarusian statehood in 1914-1918

At the beginning of the 20th century, Belarusians were over 5 million people and lived in the five western governorates of the Russian Empire. Most of them (92%) belonged to the low educated peasant class. Only a very small of Belarusians formed the upper classes. Belarusians belonged mainly to two churches: the Orthodox and the Roman Catholic, but neither of them supported the Belarusian national idea. The lack of an national elite was a consequence of cultural and religious processes from the past. In consequence the upper classes were gradually Polonized and Russified, especially under the influence of the ideology of the Russian state known as “Western Russianism”. Under the influence of the past experiences, the Belarusian state idea was formed (references were made to the previous statehoods in Belarus: the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Russia, from the other side the tradition of the Commonwealth was reject). Before World War I, the Belarusian Socialist Group were formulated a postulate to establish an autonomy of Lithuania and Belarus in the Russian Empire with the National Seym in Vilno. In the years 1915–1919 the following concepts have been put forward: he restitution of The Grand Duchy of Lithuania, The Baltic-Black Sea Confederation, political autonomy of Belarus, the proclamation of The Republic of Belarus with strong relation with democratic Russia, the proclamation of an independent Belarus, and the declaration of The Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic.Na początku XX w. Białorusini liczyli ponad 5 mln osób i skupiali się głównie  w pięciu zachodnich guberniach Cesarstwa Rosyjskiego. Większość z nich (92% nnależała do warstwy chłopskiej, słabo wykształconej. Tylko bardzo niewielki odsetek Białorusinów tworzył warstwy wyższe. Białorusini należeli głównie do dwóch Kościołów: prawosławnego i rzymskokatolickiego, ale żaden z nich nie popierał białoruskiej idei narodowej. Brak elity był następstwem procesów kulturalnych i wyznaniowych, które sięgały daleko w przeszłość, a zadecydowały o tym, że wyższe warstwy uległy stopniowej polonizacji, a następnie rusyfikacji, szczególnie pod wpływem ideologii rosyjskiego państwa, określanej mianem zachodniorusizmu. Pod wpływem doświadczeń przeszłości formowała się białoruska idea państwowa (odwoływano się do poprzednich rodzajów państwowości powstałych na obszarze Białorusi: Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego i Rosji, a ignorujących tradycję Rzeczypospolitej, a przez to i ewentualne związki z Polską). Białoruska Socjalistyczna Gromada przed I wojną światową sformułowała jedynie postulat utworzenia w Cesarstwie Rosyjskim autonomii Litwy i Białorusi z Sejmem Krajowym w Wilnie. W latach 1915–1919 po obu stronach frontu niemiecko-rosyjskiego powstały koncepcje: restytucji Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego, konfederacji bałtyckoczarnomorskiej, autonomii politycznej Białorusi, utworzenia republiki białoruskiej w związku z demokratyczną Rosją, proklamacji niezależnej i niepodległej Białorusi, utworzenia Białoruskiej Republiki Radzieckiej

Evaluation of the effectiveness of selected natural fertility symptoms used for contraception: estimation of the Pearl index of Lady-Comp, Pearly and Daysy cycle computers based on 10 years of observation in the Polish market

Objectives: Cycle computers are medical devices which use sophisticated statistical methods in addition to a comprehensive on-board database. Their main function is to precisely indicate the fertile and infertile phases of the menstrual cycle, based on daily basal body temperature measurements. A recent medical research program aimed at evaluating the EFFECTIVENESS of cycle computers for contraceptive purposes was conducted. Material and methods: This study was conducted between May and June 2016 on 3,450 Polish women. The Polish distributor sent an anonymous questionnaire to the participants. To date, 361 women, representing 17,322 cycles have returned accurately completed questionnaires. Results: In the resultant group only 4 unintended pregnancies were observed, resulting in a Pearl index of 0.4989. This suggests that fewer than 5 in 1000 women, who use a cycle computer correctly over a period of one year, may become pregnant unintentionally. This result is slightly better than the results from 2010, when the Pearl index was 0.64. Conclusions: The results obtained from the study indicate that the effectiveness of cycle computers for contraceptive purposes is comparable with other methods, such as hormonal contraception, and therefore cycle computers can be recommended for women who either cannot use or do not wish to use traditional contraception. These results confirm the effectiveness of using natural fertility symptoms, such as basal body temperature changes in the context of cycle computer technology for the purposes of contraception

UEFA EURO 2012™ in the Polish Sociopolitical Narration

Abstract Sport constitutes an increasingly popular language of discourse in modern societies, providing a (formal) system of signs, which is easily used by, among others, businesses, media, public persons, and, particularly willingly, politicians. Thus, sport as a system of meanings can transfer any values, being at the same time a pragmatic way of arguing in the practice of social life. An example we analyze, are the events that took place after Poland (and Ukraine) had been chosen to be host countries of UEFA EURO 2012™, as well as those which took place during the tournament itself. In these analyses, we use the concept of semiotics and, in particular, pragmatism as well as Charles Sanders Peirce’s triadic sign relation.</jats:p