12,385 research outputs found
Modeling the Behavior of the Surface to Liquid Interfaces in an Electrolytic Liquid
Understanding the mechanism for charge transfer between electrodes within an electrolyte dissolved in water is vital to better understanding the sources of electrical noise in the system. This research compares the electrical properties of liquid top gated graphene devices with the properties of two metal probes to model the system. By measuring the impedance of these systems at different frequencies, it is possible to develop a model of their electrical properties and to consider techniques to improve signal to noise at graphene interfaces
Equivariant instanton homology
We define four versions of equivariant instanton Floer homology ( and ) for a class of 3-manifolds and -bundles
over them including all rational homology spheres. These versions are analogous
to the four flavors of monopole and Heegaard Floer homology theories. This
construction is functorial for a large class of 4-manifold cobordisms, and
agrees with Donaldson's definition of equivariant instanton homology for
integer homology spheres. Furthermore, one of our invariants is isomorphic to
Floer's instanton homology for admissible bundles, and we calculate
in all cases it is defined, away from characteristic 2.
The appendix, possibly of independent interest, defines an algebraic
construction of three equivariant homology theories for dg-modules over a
dg-algebra, the equivariant homology , the coBorel homology
, and the Tate homology . The constructions of the
appendix are used to define our invariants.Comment: 221 page
Vocal learning promotes patterned inhibitory connectivity.
Skill learning is instantiated by changes to functional connectivity within premotor circuits, but whether the specificity of learning depends on structured changes to inhibitory circuitry remains unclear. We used slice electrophysiology to measure connectivity changes associated with song learning in the avian analog of primary motor cortex (robust nucleus of the arcopallium, RA) in Bengalese Finches. Before song learning, fast-spiking interneurons (FSIs) densely innervated glutamatergic projection neurons (PNs) with apparently random connectivity. After learning, there was a profound reduction in the overall strength and number of inhibitory connections, but this was accompanied by a more than two-fold enrichment in reciprocal FSI-PN connections. Moreover, in singing birds, we found that pharmacological manipulations of RA's inhibitory circuitry drove large shifts in learned vocal features, such as pitch and amplitude, without grossly disrupting the song. Our results indicate that skill learning establishes nonrandom inhibitory connectivity, and implicates this patterning in encoding specific features of learned movements
Analytic Methods for Optimizing Realtime Crowdsourcing
Realtime crowdsourcing research has demonstrated that it is possible to
recruit paid crowds within seconds by managing a small, fast-reacting worker
pool. Realtime crowds enable crowd-powered systems that respond at interactive
speeds: for example, cameras, robots and instant opinion polls. So far, these
techniques have mainly been proof-of-concept prototypes: research has not yet
attempted to understand how they might work at large scale or optimize their
cost/performance trade-offs. In this paper, we use queueing theory to analyze
the retainer model for realtime crowdsourcing, in particular its expected wait
time and cost to requesters. We provide an algorithm that allows requesters to
minimize their cost subject to performance requirements. We then propose and
analyze three techniques to improve performance: push notifications, shared
retainer pools, and precruitment, which involves recalling retainer workers
before a task actually arrives. An experimental validation finds that
precruited workers begin a task 500 milliseconds after it is posted, delivering
results below the one-second cognitive threshold for an end-user to stay in
flow.Comment: Presented at Collective Intelligence conference, 201
Biological and toxicological investigations of Chicago area navigation projects
unpublishednot peer reviewe
Money, inflation and the Arab Spring in Bahrain
This paper investigates inflation in Bahrain during the period of the Arab Spring to determine effect of unrest on general and relative prices. We find first that the GDP deflator alone measures inflation in Bahrain; the CPI measures the cost of living only. Additionally, oil prices, the U.S. dollar’s trade-weighted value, and government price intervention are highly correlated with price movements. Disaggregated monthly CPI data reveal the onset of unrest is correlated with movements in several components of the CPI index, but the Arab Spring had its most direct and lasting causal effect solely on the housing.peer-reviewe
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