Análise da publicidade e transparência das divulgações dos demonstrativos de gestões fiscais dos municípios COREDE Serra Gaúcha

O presente estudo tem como escopo analisar e demonstrar o nível de publicidade e transparência dos municípios que compõe o COREDE Serra Gaúcha. Assim para atender tal demanda, este trabalho utilizou-se de um resgate da base legal instituída, ou seja, as legislações pertinentes em que os municípios estão submetidos. Utilizando-se como enfoque legal a Constituição Federal Brasileira, a Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal ? LRF, a Lei 4.320/64, a NBC TSP 16.6 (R1), a Lei de Acesso à Informação - LAI e a Lei da Transparência, a fim de demonstrar a obrigatoriedade de publicação dos demonstrativos contábeis e relatórios de gestão fiscal a qual os entes municipais são obrigados a publicar. Com o objetivo de demonstrar e verificar o cumprimento ou não das publicações perante as legislações a que os munícipios estão sujeitados, aplicou-se a ferramenta de um checklist, onde ele reúne todos os documentos obrigatórios de publicação. Após aplicado tal ferramenta, os municípios foram classificados conforme suas publicações vistas a atender as bases legais. Ciente que os documentos publicados pelas prefeituras são de grande importância e que em razão desta publicação é possível monitorar, averiguar, acompanhar e fiscalizar a administração dos recursos públicos aplicados na saúde, segurança, educação e no desenvolvimento econômico do município.(sic

A AÇÃO DOS BLOQUEADORES DOS RECEPTORES DE ANGIOTENSINA II NA HIPERTENSÃO ARTERIAL

Os bloqueadores dos receptores de angiotensina II (BRA) são fármacos utilizados para o tratamento e controle da hipertensão arterial (HA), caracterizado pela sua atuação no sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterona (SRAA), atuando diretamente na AGT2 (peptídeo vasoconstritor), inibindo os receptores AT1 desse hormônio, causando assim, um déficit da produção de ADH e Aldosterona.

Acute effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on peak torque and 5000 m running performance: a randomized controlled trial

The benefits of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on brain function, cognitive response, and motor ability are well described in scientific literature. Nevertheless, the effects of tDCS on athletes’ performance remain unclear. To compare the acute effects of tDCS on the running performance of 5000 m (m) runners. Eighteen athletes were randomized into Anodal (n = 9) groups that received tDCS for 20 min and 2 mA, and Sham (n = 9), in the motor cortex region (M1). Running time in 5000 m, speed, perceived exertion (RPE), internal load and peak torque (Pt) were evaluated. The Shapiro–Wilk test followed by a paired Student’s t-test was used to compare Pt and total time to complete the run between the groups. The running time and speed of the Anodal group (p = 0.02; 95% CI 0.11–2.32; d = 1.24) was lower than the Sham group (p = 0.02, 95% CI 0.05–2.20; d = 1.15). However, no difference was found in Pt (p = 0.70; 95% CI − 0.75 to 1.11; d = 0.18), RPE (p = 0.23; 95% CI − 1.55 to 0.39; d = 0.60) and internal charge (p = 0.73; 95% CI − 0.77 to 1.09; d = 0.17). Our data indicate that tDCS can acutely optimize the time and speed of 5000 m runners. However, no alterations were found for Pt and RPE

Suscetibilidade da linhagem celular de neuroblastoma humano (IMR-32) à infecção por arbovírus neurotrópicos

Introdução:  Os arbovírus neurotrópicos representam um importante problema de saúde em escala global, sendo necessário a utilização de medidas de prevenção, controle e diagnóstico. Objetivo:  Avaliar a efetividade da infecção de dois arbovírus neurotrópicos, vírus do Nilo Ocidental (WNV) e vírus da Encefalite de Saint Louis (SLEV), em células de neuroblastoma humano (IMR-32). Metodologia: As suspensões-estoques dos vírus foram tituladas por ensaio de placa com incubação de 120 h para WNV e 168 h para SLEV. Os isolados foram inoculados em garrafas para cultura de células que apresentavam 80% de confluência da monocamada celular e observadas por microscopia de contraste de fase por 72 h pós infecção a fim de verificar alterações morfológicas sugestivas de efeito citopático (ECP). Em seguida, as culturas foram submetidas ao ensaio de Imunofluorescência Indireta (IFI) para detecção de antígenos virais. Resultados: O título infeccioso do SLEV apresentou-se mais baixo em relação ao WNV. Em 72 h, foram observadas alterações morfológicas nas culturas inoculadas, caracterizando um ECP resultante da infecção viral, com ECP mais acentuado na cultura inoculada com WNV, confirmado pela presença de antígenos virais nas células infectadas detectados pelo teste de IFI. Conclusão: a linhagem celular IMR-32 apresentou suscetibilidade à infecção por WNV e SLEV, representando um modelo alternativo eficaz para o isolamento de arbovírus neurotrópicos

Drosophila Genes That Affect Meiosis Duration Are among the Meiosis Related Genes That Are More Often Found Duplicated

Using a phylogenetic approach, the examination of 33 meiosis/meiosis-related genes in 12 Drosophila species, revealed nine independent gene duplications, involving the genes cav, mre11, meiS332, polo and mtrm. Evidence is provided that at least eight out of the nine gene duplicates are functional. Therefore, the rate at which Drosophila meiosis/meiosis-related genes are duplicated and retained is estimated to be 0.0012 per gene per million years, a value that is similar to the average for all Drosophila genes. It should be noted that by using a phylogenetic approach the confounding effect of concerted evolution, that is known to lead to overestimation of the duplication and retention rate, is avoided. This is an important issue, since even in our moderate size sample, evidence for long-term concerted evolution (lasting for more than 30 million years) was found for the meiS332 gene pair in species of the Drosophila subgenus. Most striking, in contrast to theoretical expectations, is the finding that genes that encode proteins that must follow a close stoichiometric balance, such as polo, mtrm and meiS332 have been found duplicated. The duplicated genes may be examples of gene neofunctionalization. It is speculated that meiosis duration may be a trait that is under selection in Drosophila and that it has different optimal values in different species

A Comparative Study of the Short Term Cold Resistance Response in Distantly Related Drosophila Species: The Role of regucalcin and Frost

The molecular basis of short term cold resistance (indexed as chill-coma recovery time) has been mostly addressed in D. melanogaster, where candidate genes (Dca (also known as smp-30) and Frost (Fst)) have been identified. Nevertheless, in Drosophila, the ability to tolerate short term exposure to low temperatures evolved several times independently. Therefore, it is unclear whether variation in the same candidate genes is also responsible for short term cold resistance in distantly related Drosophila species. It should be noted that Dca is a candidate gene for cold resistance in the Sophophora subgenus only, since there is no orthologous gene copy in the Drosophila subgenus. Here we show that, in D. americana (Drosophila subgenus), there is a north-south gradient for a variant at the 5′ non-coding region of regucalcin (a Dca-like gene; in D. melanogaster the proteins encoded by the two genes share 71.9% amino acid identities) but in our D. americana F2 association experiment there is no association between this polymorphism and chill-coma recovery times. Moreover, we found no convincing evidence that this gene is up-regulated after cold shock in both D. americana and D. melanogaster. Size variation in the Fst PEST domain (putatively involved in rapid protein degradation) is observed when comparing distantly related Drosophila species, and is associated with short term cold resistance differences in D. americana. Nevertheless, this effect is likely through body size variation. Moreover, we show that, even at two hours after cold shock, when up-regulation of this gene is maximal in D. melanogaster (about 48 fold expression change), in D. americana this gene is only moderately up-regulated (about 3 fold expression change). Our work thus shows that there are important differences regarding the molecular basis of cold resistance in distantly related Drosophila species

Continent-wide differentiation of fitness traits and patterns of climate adaptation among European populations of Drosophila melanogaster

Funding: This research was supported by a Special Topics Network (STN) grant from the European Society of Evolutionary Biology (ESEB) to the DrosEU consortium as well as by individual grants and fellowships (grantees in alphabetical order): J.A.: Swedish Research Council (VR) grants 2015-04680 and 2020-05412; A.J.B.: European Research Council (ERC CoG TE_INVASION); S.D.: Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia (NITRA) grant 451-03-66/2024-03/200007; K.E.: Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia (NITRA) grant 451-03-66/2024-03/200007; P.E.: Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia (NITRA) grant 451-03-66/2024-03/200007; P.E.: Jane Coffin Childs Memorial Fund for Medical Research 61-1673: T.F.: Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) grants 31003A-182262, 310030_219283, FZEB-0-214654; C.F.: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) grants 2973/5-1 and 2973/11; J.G.: Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades/Agencia Estatal de Investigación (MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/) grant PID2020-115874GB-I00; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades/Agencia Estatal de Investigación (MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and FEDER, UE) grant PID2023-148838NB-I00; Departament de Recerca i Universitats Generalitat de Catalunya grant 2021 SGR 00417; S.G.: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) grants 271330745 and 514085304; K.M.H.: Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship (H2020-MSCA-IF-2015) 701949; J.H.: Czech Ministry of Education, grant; European Research Council (ERC CZ LL2001); M.J.: Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia (NITRA) grant 451-03-65/2024-03/200178; M.K.: Academy of Finland grant 322980; E.K.: European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) ALTF 248-2018; M.S.M.: ALW Open Programme grant 101185; J.P.: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) grants 255619725 (GR 4495/2-2) and 503272152 (GR 4495/4-1); E.G.P.: Russian state budget, assignment NRC “KI”; A.P.: Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia (NITRA) grant 451-03-66/2024-03/200007; N.P.: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) grants PO 1648/7-1, PO 1648/3-1, PO 1648/3-2; M.S.V.: Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia (NITRA) grant 451-03-65/2024-03/200178; C.S.: Austrian Science Fund (FWF) grants 10.55776/P32935, 10.55776/W1225, 10.55776/P33734; P.S.: National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01GM137430; M.S.-R.: Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia (NITRA) grant 451-03-47/2023-01/200178; M.T.: Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia (NITRA) grant 451-03-66/2024-03/200007; E.T.: Israel Science Foundation (ISF) 2121/23; C.V.: Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) grant Longevity ANR-20-CE02-0015, J.V.: Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) UIDB/04293/2020; C.W.: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) grant WE 2652/7-1.A particularly well-studied evolutionary model is the vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster, a cosmopolitan insect of ancestral southern-central African origin. Recent work suggests that it expanded out of Africa ∼9,000 years ago, and spread from the Middle East into Europe ∼1,800 years ago. During its global expansion, this human commensal adapted to novel climate zones and habitats. Despite much work on phenotypic differentiation and adaptation on several continents (especially North America and Australia), typically in the context of latitudinal clines, little is known about phenotypic divergence among European populations. Here, we sought to provide a continent-wide study of phenotypic differentiation among European populations of D. melanogaster. In a consortium-wide phenomics effort, we assayed 16 fitness-related traits on a panel of 173 isofemale lines from 9 European populations, with the majority of traits measured by several groups using semi-standardized protocols. For most fitness-related traits, we found significant differentiation among populations on a continental scale. Despite inevitable differences in assay conditions among labs, the reproducibility and hence robustness of our measurements were overall remarkably good. Several fitness components (e.g., viability, development time) exhibited significant latitudinal or longitudinal clines, and populations differed markedly in multivariate trait structure. Notably, populations experiencing higher humidity/rainfall and lower maximum temperature showed higher viability, fertility, starvation resistance, and lifespan at the expense of lower heat-shock survival, suggesting a pattern of local adaptation. Our results indicate that derived populations of this tropical fly have been shaped by pervasive spatially varying multivariate selection and adaptation to different climates on the European continent.Peer reviewe

Rational Exploration of 2,4-Diaminopyrimidines as DHFR Inhibitors Active against Mycobacterium abscessus and Mycobacterium avium, Two Emerging Human Pathogens

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are emerging human pathogens linked to severe pulmonary diseases. Current treatments involve the prolonged use of multiple drugs and are often ineffective. Bacterial dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) is a key enzyme targeted by antibiotics in Gram-negative bacterial infections. However, existing DHFR inhibitors designed for Gram-negative bacteria often fail against mycobacterial DHFRs. Here, we detail the rational design of NTM DHFR inhibitors based on P218, a malarial DHFR inhibitor. We identified compound 8, a 2,4-diaminopyrimidine exhibiting improved pharmacological properties and activity against purified DHFR, and whole cell cultures of two predominant NTM species: Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium abscessus>. This study underscores the potential of compound 8 as a promising candidate for the in vivo validation of DHFR as an effective treatment against NTM infections

Beyond the Global Brain Differences:Intraindividual Variability Differences in 1q21.1 Distal and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 Deletion Carriers

BACKGROUND: Carriers of the 1q21.1 distal and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 copy number variants exhibit regional and globalbrain differences compared with noncarriers. However, interpreting regional differences is challenging if a globaldifference drives the regional brain differences. Intraindividual variability measures can be used to test for regionaldifferences beyond global differences in brain structure.METHODS: Magnetic resonance imaging data were used to obtain regional brain values for 1q21.1 distal deletion (n =30) and duplication (n = 27) and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 deletion (n = 170) and duplication (n = 243) carriers and matchednoncarriers (n = 2350). Regional intra-deviation scores, i.e., the standardized difference between an individual’sregional difference and global difference, were used to test for regional differences that diverge from the globaldifference.RESULTS: For the 1q21.1 distal deletion carriers, cortical surface area for regions in the medial visual cortex, posterior cingulate, and temporal pole differed less and regions in the prefrontal and superior temporal cortex differedmore than the global difference in cortical surface area. For the 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 deletion carriers, cortical thicknessin regions in the medial visual cortex, auditory cortex, and temporal pole differed less and the prefrontal andsomatosensory cortex differed more than the global difference in cortical thickness.CONCLUSIONS: We find evidence for regional effects beyond differences in global brain measures in 1q21.1 distaland 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 copy number variants. The results provide new insight into brain profiling of the 1q21.1 distaland 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 copy number variants, with the potential to increase understanding of the mechanismsinvolved in altered neurodevelopment

Síndrome do coração Pós-feriado: pacientes acometidos por arritmia cardíaca em detrimento do consumo exagerado de álcool: Post Holiday coração Syndrome: patients suffered by cardiac arrhythmia to the detriment of exaggerated alcohol consumption

INTRODUÇÃO: O álcool é conhecido por beneficiar o sistema cardiovascular com a ativação do sistema fibrinolítico, redução da agregação de plaquetas e aperfeiçoamento do perfil lipídico, entre outros mecanismos, quando consumido em doses moderadas. Todavia, seu uso de maneira abusiva culmina em patologias graves que podem evoluir para a morte, como a hipertensão arterial, a cardiomiopatia alcoólica, a arritmia cardíaca e até a “Síndrome do Coração Pós Feriado” ou do inglês, “Holiday Heart Syndrome”. OBJETIVOS: O presente estudo tem como objetivo delinear sobre a Síndrome do Coração Pós Feriado, transpassando por suas características clínicas, repercussões eletrofisiológicas, diagnóstico e manejo terapêutico. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Dessa forma, o presente trabalho realizou uma revisão sistemática qualitativa, realizado no período entre julho e agosto de 2022, através de artigos das bases de dados Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e United States National Library of Medicine (PubMed). RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: A interação do álcool no organismo está diretamente relacionada com o sistema nervoso autônomo do indivíduo, gerando um estado de desequilíbrio autonômico, assim há alterações elétricas, como acréscimo da frequência cardíaca, gerando um estado de taquicardia. A principal patologia encontrada em questão foi a taquicardia sinusal, sendo um tipo de arritmia e por conseguinte, notou-se a presença da fibrilação atrial, sendo o excesso no consumo de etanol é causador de aproximadamente 67% dos casos de emergências desta última enfermidade. CONCLUSÃO: Portanto, com base na literatura analisada, observou-se que a ingestão alcoólica aguda age retardando o sistema de condução cardíaco, atua no encurtamento do período refratário e o aumento da atividade simpática, além de aumentar os níveis de catecolaminas circulantes. Por fim, também se evidenciou uma associação entre álcool e fatores de risco, principalmente hipertensão e obesidade e essas patologias aumentam os episódios de fibrilação atrial