Gold therapy in pulmonary tuberculosis

(1) A survey of l00 cases and critical exposition of the literature has been undertaken. (2) Improvement was noted in 63.3% of cases of which 30% were slightly improved and 14.4% much improved. ( 3) Indications, contraindications', prophylaxis and the ultimate difficulties of the treatment have been discussed: (a) Crisalbine may be given to cases pyrexial or apyrexial, not improving or stationary with sputum still positive for Koch's bacillus and undergoing routine Sanatorium treatment. (b) it is useful in conjunction with collapse therapy, where an artificial pneumothorax is contemplated or has been induced to control disease in the contralateral lung. (c) it may be used in both the exudative and productive type of case. (d) it may be used where other treatment has proved unavailing; and where the time or economic factor is important. (4) It is not a "cure" but is of value as an adjuvant in the treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis; its limitations and dangers must be recognised. (a) It produces evidences of Toxicity in 57.8% of cases. (b) It is contraindicated in associated cardiac, renal or hepatic disease. (c) Good results are not generally obtained in advanced cases of pulmonary tuberculosis. (d) It will not replace other tried methods of treatment and is generally not required where other methods are satisfactory, but may be used in conjunction with these. (5) It is of limited value; a few selected cases show good results; a fair percentage are slightly improved and life prolonged, and no case of death was directly attributable to Crisalbine. It will not save life. There is little, if any, value in the drug in uncollapsed cavities. Each case must be judged on its own merits: the dose should be small (0.05 gm.) ; gradually increased; reactions should be carefully studied. (6) There is no proved experimental basis for its use in Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Its precise action in the human body is unknown: it is more a Stimulation Therapy than a true Chemotherapy. (7) Its value from a public health standpoint has been discussed: the bacillary loss of sputum is not generally permanent. It must still have a limited sphere and cannot be generally employed by all. (8) Results are based on clinical values; immediate and remote results are difficult to judge and often prove rather disappointing. (9) It is possible that remote reactions caused by gold may have a wider effect than is at present generally realised: there is also evidence that examination of the blood cells may afford a standard for the assessment of its value in this disease. (10) It is still a highly controversial subject; there is hope that a substance related to this gold compound, having a minimal effect on the human body, may yet be forthcoming. It should not be withdrawn from clinical use, and should be employed with due regard to the resistance and reactions of the patient in certain selected cases. It should have a place in the armamentaria of the Physician in his fight against Tuberculosis

Noncommutative Geometry and Gravity

We study a deformation of infinitesimal diffeomorphisms of a smooth manifold. The deformation is based on a general twist. This leads to a differential geometry on a noncommutative algebra of functions whose product is a star-product. The class of noncommutative spaces studied is very rich. Non-anticommutative superspaces are also briefly considered. The differential geometry developed is covariant under deformed diffeomorphisms and it is coordinate independent. The main target of this work is the construction of Einstein's equations for gravity on noncommutative manifolds.Comment: 40pages; v2: references adde

Twisted Gauge Theories

Gauge theories on a space-time that is deformed by the Moyal-Weyl product are constructed by twisting the coproduct for gauge transformations. This way a deformed Leibniz rule is obtained, which is used to construct gauge invariant quantities. The connection will be enveloping algebra valued in a particular representation of the Lie algebra. This gives rise to additional fields, which couple only weakly via the deformation parameter and reduce in the commutative limit to free fields. Consistent field equations that lead to conservation laws are derived and some properties of such theories are discussed

A Gravity Theory on Noncommutative Spaces

A deformation of the algebra of diffeomorphisms is constructed for canonically deformed spaces with constant deformation parameter theta. The algebraic relations remain the same, whereas the comultiplication rule (Leibniz rule) is different from the undeformed one. Based on this deformed algebra a covariant tensor calculus is constructed and all the concepts like metric, covariant derivatives, curvature and torsion can be defined on the deformed space as well. The construction of these geometric quantities is presented in detail. This leads to an action invariant under the deformed diffeomorphism algebra and can be interpreted as a theta-deformed Einstein-Hilbert action. The metric or the vierbein field will be the dynamical variable as they are in the undeformed theory. The action and all relevant quantities are expanded up to second order in theta.Comment: 28 pages, v2: coefficient in equ. (10.15) corrected, references added, v3: references added, published versio

Durstige Lieder

http://www.ester.ee/record=b3891667*es

�ber die gewichtsanalytische Bestimmung des Selens

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Neighborhood Urban Environmental Quality Conditions Are Likely to Drive Malaria and Diarrhea Mortality in Accra, Ghana

Background. Urbanization is a process which alters the structure and function of urban environments. The alteration in the quality of urban environmental conditions has significant implications for health. This applies both to the ecology of insect vectors that may transmit diseases and the burden of disease. Study Objectives. To investigate the relationship between malaria and infectious diarrhea mortality and spatially varied neighborhood environmental quality conditions in a low-income economy. Design. A one time point spatial analysis of cluster-level environmental conditions and mortality data using principal component analysis (PCA), one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and generalized linear models (GLMs). Methods. Environmental variables were extracted from the Ghana Census 2000 database while mortality data were obtained from the Ghana Births and Deaths Registry in Accra over the period 1998–2002. Results. Whereas there was a strong evidence of a difference in relative mortality of malaria across urban environmental zones of differing neighborhood environmental conditions, no such evidence of mortality differentials was observed for diarrhea. In addition, whereas bivariate analyses showed a weak to strong evidence of association between the environmental variables and malaria mortality, no evidence of association was found between diarrhea mortality and environmental variables. Conclusion. We conclude that environmental management initiatives intended for infectious disease control might substantially reduce the risk of urban malaria mortality and to a less extent that for urban diarrhea mortality in rapidly urbanizing areas in a low-income setting

Reporting of flow diagrams in randomised controlled trials published in periodontology and implantology: a survey.

BACKGROUND Item 13 of the CONSORT guidelines recommends documentation of the participant flow in randomised clinical trials (RCTs) using a diagram. In the medical literature, the reporting of the flow of participants in RCTs has been assessed to be inadequate. The quality of reporting flow diagrams in periodontology and implantology remains unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the reporting of flow diagrams in RCTs published in periodontology and implantology journals. MATERIALS AND METHODS RCTs published between 15th January 2018 and 15th January 2022 in twelve high-ranked periodontology and implantology journals were identified. Trial characteristics at the RCT level were extracted. The flow diagram included in each RCT was assessed for completeness of reporting in relation to published criteria and the CONSORT flow diagram template. RESULTS From the 544 eligible articles, 85% were single-centre, 82% of parallel-group design and 79% investigated surgical interventions. Three-hundred and fifteen (58%) articles were published in CONSORT endorsing journals. A flow diagram was reported in 317 (58%) trials and reporting was more common in periodontology (73.1%). Overall, 56% of publications with a flow diagram reported a complete CONSORT flow diagram, while in 44% of flow diagrams, at least one point from the CONSORT reporting template was missing. Reasons for loss to follow-up (69.7%) and exclusions from the RCT analysis (86.4%) were poorly reported. CONCLUSION The reporting of flow diagrams in periodontology and implantology RCTs was sub-optimal. Greater awareness of the importance of fully completing the participant CONSORT flow diagram is required

Standardized Treatment and Diagnostic Approach to Reduce Disease burden in the early postoperative phase in children with congenital heart defects-STANDARD study: a pilot randomized controlled trial

To explore the effect of a daily goal checklist on pediatric cardiac intensive care unit (PCICU) length of stay (LOS) after congenital heart surgery. This study is a prospective randomized single-center study. Group characteristics were as follows: STANDARD group: n=30, 36.7% female, median age 0.9 years; control group: n=33, 36.4% female, median age 1.1 years. Invasive ventilation time, STAT categories, mean vasoactive-inotropic score (VIS)24h, maximal (max.) VIS24h, mean VIS24–48h, max. VIS24–48h, VIS category, number of sedatives, analgesics, diuretics, number of deployed diagnostic modalities, morbidities, and mortality did not differ between both groups. Median PCICU LOS was 96.0 h (STANDARD group) versus 101.5 h (control group) (p=0.63). In the overall cohort, univariate regression analysis identified age at surgery (b=−0.02), STAT category (b=18.3), severity of CHD (b=40.6), mean VIS24h (b=3.5), max. VIS24h (b=2.2), mean VIS24–48h (b=6.5), and VIS category (b=13.8) as significant parameters for prolonged PCICU LOS. In multivariate regression analysis, age at surgery (b=−0.2), severity of CHD (b=44.0), and mean VIS24h (b=6.7) were of significance. Within the STANDARD sub-group, univariate regression analysis determined STAT category (b=32.3), severity of CHD (b=70.0), mean VIS24h (b=5.0), mean VIS24–48h (b=5.9), number of defined goals (b=2.6), number of achieved goals (b=3.3), number of not achieved goals (b=10.8), and number of unevaluated goals (b=7.0) as significant parameters for prolonged PCICU LOS. Multivariate regression analysis identified the number of defined goals (b=2.5) and the number of unevaluated goals (b=−3.0) to be significant parameters. Conclusion: The structured realization and recording of daily goals is of advantage in patients following pediatric cardiac surgery by reducing PCICU LOS