Synthesis of Fused Heterocyclic Derivatives from 5-Ethyl-3-Hydrazino-5H-1,2,4-Triazino[5,6-b]Indole

5-Ethyl-3-hydrazino-5H-1,2,4-triazino[5,6-b ]indole II was used for the synthesis of various heterocyclic derivatives. This was performed by reaction of its 3-hydrazino group with different reagents such as acid anhydrides, ethylacetate, diethyl oxalate, thioglycolic acid, aroyl esters and acid chlorides. The structure of the products was confirmed by different spectroscopic and analytical methods

Facies and geochemistry of non-marine gypsum, EMISAL, Egypt

Diverse gypsum facies in terms of crystal size and morphology are deposited in a shallow, non-marine, sulfate-enriched, semi-closed, perennial evaporite basin. These gypsum facies were deposited in intimate association with cyanobacterial mats. Facies analyses and geochemistry revealed two distinct primary facies, based on gypsum fabric; massive selenite, and laminated gypsum varieties. The massive selenite facies is composed of clusters of single and twinned crystals along (100), with upward pointing re-entrant angle. The laminated gypsum varies from rhythmically laminated grass-like selenite to gypsum microbialite (stromatolite). The change from massive selenite to laminated gypsum facies implies fluctuation in lateral and vertical salinity profiles, seasonal brine concentrations and wind action. Post-depositional changes in the form of dissolution, slight to moderate crystal deformation and recrystallization to anhydrite are evaluated. We develop a qualitative model for the depositional basin and facies distribution in order to simulate ancient analogues

Locus of Control as Budget Slack Moderator: The Role of Ethical Leadership and Budget Participation

The current study investigates the impact of Budget Participation and Ethical Leadership on Budget Slack. Further, the study investigates how Locus of Control serves as a moderator. The study sample includes bankers working in the Egyptian banking sector. The study deployed an electronic survey. Of the 384 total distributed questionnaires 275 were retrieved, with a response rate of 71.6%. The final sample for the statistical analysis was 251 questionnaires after all exclusions. For testing hypothesis about the relationship between the study variables simple and multiple regression models were adapted. The study results revealed a negative and significant impact of Ethical Leadership on Budget Slack, while Budget Participation was found to affect Budget Slack behaviour positively and significantly. Furthermore, our study revealed that Locus of Control partially and negatively moderating the correlation between Ethical Leadership and Budget slack. These findings contribute to the organizational behavior and management accounting literature, representing one of the first studies to examine this interdisciplinary relationship and confirm the moderating roles identified in African and Middle Eastern contexts

Corrosion Control of Mg-Zn Implant Alloys in Simulated Body Fluid

Magnesium alloys have recently attracted the attention as a new biodegradable material.  In this study, Mg-Zn alloys (1-4wt.% Zn) were fabricated with high purity raw materials using a clean melting process (fluxless method) and a protective atmosphere of CO2 + 0.4 SF6. The as-cast microstructures of the investigated alloys were characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopes, EDS and XRD. Corrosion properties of the prepared alloys were examined in simulated body fluid (SBF) by electrochemical techniques and immersion test (hydrogen evolution method).  Surface modification of the prepared alloys was performed using micro arc oxidation (MAO) treatment and hydroxiapatite (HA) coating. The results of the as-cast microstructure showed that Zn up to 2 wt% was completely dissolved in a-Mg matrix. On increasing Zn content (> 2wt%) the grain size decreased and a second MgZn2 phase was observed. Corrosion testing results revealed that Mg-1,2,3 wt% Zn have almost the same corrosion rates (0.025 mm/y) whereas Mg-4Zn has the highest degradation rate. Hydroxiapatite (HA) coating on micro-arc oxidation (MAO) treated magnesium alloys formed a dense and compact layer on the surface of magnesium alloys which had greatly improved surface properties and enhanced corrosion resistance of the prepared alloys. Keywords: Mg alloys, implants, biodegradable, corrosion, surface modificatio

Patients’ satisfaction with sedoanalgesia versus subarachnoid analgesia in endourology

AbstractObjectiveIn this study the effectiveness and safety of sedoanalgesia technique compared to spinal anesthesia in endourology procedure as well as patients’ satisfaction was assessed.Patients and methodsA prospective randomized study was performed in 80 adult patients, ASA I, II, and III who underwent various endoscopic procedures randomly allocated into two groups 40 patients each: Sedoanalgesia group, received local anesthesia (2% lignocaine gel), i.v. midazolam incremental doses 0.015mg/kg on demand, and i.v. fentanyl 2μg/kg, and 0.5μg/kg on demand interaoperative, and Spinal anesthesia group received 2.5ml heavy bupivacaine 0.5% to achieve around T10 level. We recorded vital parameters, and the number of cases with hemodynamic, respiratory complications, nausea and vomiting, and conversion to general anesthesia (failure). Postoperatively the intensity of pain (VAS 0-100mm), time to first analgesic request (VAS ⩾30), patient satisfaction (complete, partial or not satisfied) and time to readiness for discharge were assessed.ResultsThere was no significant difference in intra, postoperative hemodynamic changes and complications between groups but hypotension was more frequent in Spinal group. Immediate postoperative, there was no significant difference in pain score between groups, but 1 and 2h postoperatively there were higher pain scores in Sedoanalgesia group. Time to first analgesic request and readiness for discharge were significantly less in Sedoanalgesia group, but the difference was not significant as regard satisfaction scores.ConclusionSedoanalgesia is an effective, safe and simple alternative to Spinal anesthesia for endourology, with good patients’ satisfaction and less time to discharge

Prey suitability of Tuta absoluta larvae (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) for three predatory phytoseiid mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) under laboratory conditions

Tomato crop in the Mediterranean Basin has been recently affected by the exotic pest Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), which is difficult to control due to its high reproduction rate and potential to develop resistance to insecticides. In this paper, the suitability and effectiveness of three predatory phytoseiid mites Cydnoseius negevi (Swirski and Amitai), Neoseiulus barkeri (Hughes) and Amblyseius largoensis (Muma), an indigenous species, were evaluated on larvae of T. absoluta under laboratory conditions. First instar larvae of T. absoluta proved to be possible food source for tested phytoseiid mites under laboratory conditions. Females of C. negevi, A. largoensis and N. barkeri were able to feed and sustain oviposition on unfed, first instar larvae of T. absoluta. A diet of insect larvae provided the shortest oviposition period and adult longevity of C. negevi and A. largoensis, while N. barkeri showed the longest corresponding periods. The total and daily number of insect larvae consumed was significantly higher in N. barkeri than in A. largoensis and C. negevi. Likewise, N. barkeri laid significantly higher number of eggs (23.6 eggs / female) than that deposited by C. negevi and A. largoensis (2.5 and 3.9 eggs / female). The sex ratio of the progeny was female biased and ranged: (females / total=0.62-0.68%) when insect larvae were provided for females of C. negevi, A. largoensis and N. barkeri

Some entanglement features of three-atoms Tavis-Cummings model: Cooperative case

In this paper we consider a system of identical three two-level atoms interacting at resonance with a single-mode of the quantized field in a lossless cavity. The initial cavity field is prepared in the coherent state while the atoms are taken initially to be either in the uppermost excited state "$|eee>$" or The $\textmd{GHZ}$-state or the $\textmd{W}$-state. For this system we investigate different kinds of atomic inversion and entanglement, which arise between the different parts of the system due to the interaction. Also the relationship, between entanglement and some other nonclassical effects in the statistical properties, such as collapses and revivals in the atomic inversion where superharmonic effects appear, is discussed. The $Q$-functions for different cases are discussed. Most remarkably it is found that the $\textmd{GHZ}$-state is more robust against energy losses, showing almost coherent trapping and Schr\"odinger-cat states can not be produced from such state. Also the entanglement of $\textmd{GHZ}$-state is more robust than the $\textmd{W}$-state. Another interesting feature found is that the state which has no pairwise entanglement initially will have a much improvement of such pairwise entanglement through the evolution. Sudden death and sudden revival of atoms-pairwise entanglement are produced with the $\textmd{W}$-state.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figure

Application of a Novel Synergetic Control for Optimal Power Extraction of a Small-Scale Wind Generation System with Variable Loads and Wind Speeds

© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).The synergetic control technique (SCT) has the solution for understanding the symmetry inherent in the non-linear properties of wind turbines (WTs); therefore, they achieve excellent performance and enhance the operation of the WT. Small-scale WTs are efficient and cost-effective; they are usually installed close to where the generated electricity is used. This technology is gaining popularity worldwide for off-grid electricity generation, such as in rural homes, farms, small factories, and commercial properties. To enhance the efficiency of the WT, it is vital to operate the WT at its maximum power. This work proposes an efficient and fast maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique based on the SCT to eradicate the drawbacks of the conventional methods and enhance the operation of the WT at the MPP regardless of wind speed and load changes. The SCT has advantages, such as robustness, simplified design, fast response, no requirement for knowledge of WT characteristics, no need for wind sensors or intricate power electronics, and straightforward implementation. Furthermore, it improves speed convergence with minimal steady-state oscillations at the MPP. The investigated configuration involves a wind-driven permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG), uncontrolled rectifier, boost converter, and variable load. The two converters are used to integrate the PMSG with the load. Three scenarios (step changes in wind speed, stochastic changes in wind speed, and variable electrical load) are studied to assess the SCT. The results prove a high performance of the suggested MPPT control method for a fast convergence speed, boosted WT efficacy, low oscillation levels, and applicability under a variety of environmental situations. This work used the MATLAB/Simulink program and was then implemented on a dSPACE 1104 control board to assess the efficacy of the SCT. Furthermore, experimental validation on a 1 kW Darrieus-type WT driving a PMSG was performed.Peer reviewe