Spatial encoding in primate hippocampus during free navigation.

The hippocampus comprises two neural signals-place cells and θ oscillations-that contribute to facets of spatial navigation. Although their complementary relationship has been well established in rodents, their respective contributions in the primate brain during free navigation remains unclear. Here, we recorded neural activity in the hippocampus of freely moving marmosets as they naturally explored a spatial environment to more explicitly investigate this issue. We report place cells in marmoset hippocampus during free navigation that exhibit remarkable parallels to analogous neurons in other mammalian species. Although θ oscillations were prevalent in the marmoset hippocampus, the patterns of activity were notably different than in other taxa. This local field potential oscillation occurred in short bouts (approximately .4 s)-rather than continuously-and was neither significantly modulated by locomotion nor consistently coupled to place-cell activity. These findings suggest that the relationship between place-cell activity and θ oscillations in primate hippocampus during free navigation differs substantially from rodents and paint an intriguing comparative picture regarding the neural basis of spatial navigation across mammals

Reducing Tobacco Use and Access Through Strengthened Minimum Price Laws

Higher prices reduce consumption and initiation of tobacco products. A minimum price law that establishes a high statutory minimum price and prohibits the industry’s discounting tactics for tobacco products is a promising pricing strategy as an alternative to excise tax increases. Although some states have adopted minimum price laws on the basis of statutorily defined price “markups” over the invoice price, existing state laws have been largely ineffective at increasing the retail price. We analyzed 3 new variations of minimum price laws that hold great potential for raising tobacco prices and reducing consumption: (1) a flat rate minimum price law similar to a recent enactment in New York City, (2) an enhanced markup law, and (3) a law that incorporates both elements

Introduction of a new mobile player app store in selected countries of Southeast Asia

Trends in modern society have a significant impact on the way organizations operate. The use of mobile phones makes it possible to create completely new high-availability communication and business channels. Mobile phones are used in mobile marketing, which has come to the fore via SMS marketing. In this article, the focus is on the use of mobile phones in e-business. The introduction of a new mobile player app store was analyzed through research conducted in 2017. The aim of the research was to find out whether it is possible-in terms of the sustainability of the consumption of a marketing product-to introduce a single campaign with the same content but in different language mutations in selected markets, or whether it is necessary to use a completely different campaign and means of communication for each market. Overall, 287 respondents from the Philippines, Thailand, and India were examined. The dependency between the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents (country, gender, and age) and site engagement was tested, and user experience was tested, too. The results of the research revealed that there was no dependency between belonging to the selected countries and site engagement. Furthermore, there was also no dependency between gender and site engagement. On the other hand, there was a statistically significant dependency between belonging to the country and the design of the website. © 2018 by the authors

Squamous cell carcinoma arising from suprapubic cystostomy: report of two cases and a narrative review of literature

Pacientes con Carcinoma de células escamosasSquamous cell carcinoma arising from Marjolin’s ulcer of the suprapubic cystostomy tract is a rare entity that usually occurs in patients with a history of spinal cord injuries and a chronic indwelling catheter. We present 2 cases of this rare entity with the clinical exams needed for diagnosis and treatment according to individual characteristics of each case. Marjolin’s ulcer is a cutaneous malignancy that arises from injured skin. The most frequent type of malignancy identified on histopathologic examination is squamous cell carcinoma (80-90%). It can develop from long-standing scars, chronic wounds, pressure ulcers, osteomyelitis, and burns. Only cases have been reported about Marjolin’s ulcer with squamous cell carcinoma at the cystostomy cite. Treatment regimens have not been standardized; cases have received individualized treatments, usually with excision, radiation, or a combination of both. There is insufficient evidence to aid in the understanding of the etiology. In addition, there is no consensus on its optimal treatment and follow-up schemes.https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1940-741Xhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1271-5612https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0158-504Xhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1877-4621https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8202-9744https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4853-3618https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0394-9644Revista Internacional - No indexadaN

Evaluation of Cybersecurity Threats on Smart Metering System

Smart metering has emerged as the next-generation of energy distribution, consumption, and monitoring systems via the convergence of power engineering and information and communication technology (ICT) integration otherwise known as smart grid systems. While the innovation is advancing the future power generation, distribution, consumption monitoring and information delivery, the success of the platform is positively correlated to the thriving integration of technologies upon which the system is built. Nonetheless, the rising trend of cybersecurity attacks on cyber infrastructure and its dependent systems coupled with the system’s inherent vulnerabilities present a source of concern not only to the vendors but also the consumers. These security concerns need to be addressed in order to increase consumer confidence so as to ensure greatest adoption and success of smart metering. In this paper, we present a functional communication architecture of the smart metering system. Following that, we demonstrate and discuss the taxonomy of smart metering common vulnerabilities exposure, upon which sophisticated threats can capitalize. We then introduce countermeasure techniques, whose integration is considered pivotal for achieving security protection against existing and future sophisticated attacks on smart metering systems

Oyster: A tool for fine-grained ontological annotations in free-text

Oyster is a web-based annotation tool that allows users to annotate free-text with respect to concepts defined in formal knowledge resources such as large domain ontologies. The tool has been explicitly designed to provide (manual and automatic) search functionalities to identify the best concept entities to be used for annotation. In addition, Oyster supports features such as annotations that span across non-adjacent tokens, multiple annotations per token, the identification of entity relationships and a user-friendly visualisation of the annotation including the use of filtering based on annotation types. Oyster is highly configurable and can be expanded to support a variety of knowledge resources. The tool can support a wide range of tasks involving human annotation, including named-entity extraction, relationship extraction, annotation correction and refinement

Estudios de propiedad intelectual

Transcurrida la primera década del siglo XXI, uno de los principales retos que continúa afrontando el derecho es determinar los mecanismos más adecuados para proteger la expresión de las ideas. Mientras algunos opinan que no deberían existir regulaciones que impidan acceder al conocimiento, otros afirman que se trata de un derecho que les asiste a los creadores y a quienes participan en el proceso creativo, razón por la cual las normas deben ser cada vez más protectoras e, incluso, sancionatorias. Son múltiples los tópicos que suscita la mencionada controversia, aplicados a diferentes aspectos de la cotidianeidad, enmarcados principalmente en temas relacionados con la investigación y el desarrollo, el comercio, la cultura y la industria del entretenimiento. Transcurrida la primera década del siglo XXI, uno de los principales retos que continúa afrontando el derecho es determinar los mecanismos más adecuados para proteger la expresión de las ideas