THE CONSERVATION OF TUTANKHAMUN’S LEATHER SCALE ARMOUR

تحديد وكشف لطرق صناعة درع توت عنخ آمون ذو القشور الجلدية بمساعدة عمليات الترميم [Ar] يتناول هذا البحث ويكشف عن تقنيات صناعة الدرع الجلدي ذو القشور الخاص بتوت عنخ آمون. كان هذا الدرع في حالة حرجة وخضع للعديد من إجراءات الترميم. وقد عانى هذا الدرع من بعض مظاهر التلف الخطيرة مثل: التحطم الى أجزاء، حيث عثر على العديد من القشور الجلديه مبعثرة في صندوق ومنفصلة عن الحامل الكتاني للدرع. مما جعل الحدود الخارجية لهذا الدرع مبهمة وغير مفهومة. لذلك كان الدرع في أمس الحاجة للتدخل بالترميم وإعادة البناء. تم اجراء بعض عمليات التوثيق قبل البدء بإجراءات الترميم. تم تطبيق العديد من إجراءات الترميم القابلة لإعادة المعالجة على الدرع سعيا لتحقيق استقرار في حالة الدرع والوصول إلى حالة مستدامة. وتضمنت عمليات الترميم العديد من الفحوص والتحاليل التي ساعدت في الكشف عن المواد والتقنيات الصناعية المستخدمة في تصنيع هذا الدرع. درع توت عنخ آمون ذو القشور الجلدية يتكون من مجموعة من القشور المتصلة بحامل كتاني. يتكون هذا الحامل من عدة طبقات. افترض هوارد كارتر أن هذا الحامل الكتاني يتكون من 6 طبقات. ساعدت عمليات الترميم المختلفة على الكشف عن العدد الحقيقي للحامل الكتاني الى جانب الوصول لأفضل حالة من الإستقرار. يهدف هذا البحث الى تناول أهمية اجراءات الترميم المنفذة في تحديد و الكشف عن المواد المستخدمة في تصنيع الدرع الجلدي القشري. [En] This paper discusses and views the conservation procedures of the leather scale armour of Tutankhamun, which was in a critical condition and many conservation procedures had to be conducted. The armour suffered from some serious deterioration aspects, such as fragmentation, losing of its original shape, its parts were scattered inside the box and separations from the linen support. The armour needed conservation and reconstruction. Some conservation treatments and materials were chosen carefully after their evaluation. Documentation measures were done before conservation. Several reversible conservation procedures were applied on the armour to reach stabilization and sustainable condition. The conservation treatments included many investigations and analyses that helped revealing materials and techniques of the making of the armour. The leather scale armour of Tutankhamun consisted of leather scales attached to a linen support of several layers. Howard Carter assumed that the linen support consisted of 6 layers, yet recent conservation treatments revealed that the linen support consisted of 12 layers in the upper part near the suspenders, 6 in chest area, and 3 in abdominal area. UV imaging of the scale armour was achieved to test if the armour was involved in any actual battle or war. This paper aims to view the importance of conservation procedures in identifying and revealing all materials used in manufacturing the leather scale armour

THE CONSERVATION OF TUTANKHAMUN’S LEATHER SCALE ARMOUR

تحديد وكشف لطرق صناعة درع توت عنخ آمون ذو القشور الجلدية بمساعدة عمليات الترميم [AR] يتناول هذا البحث ويكشف عن تقنيات صناعة الدرع الجلدي ذو القشور الخاص بتوت عنخ آمون. كان هذا الدرع في حالة حرجة وخضع للعديد من إجراءات الترميم. وقد عانى هذا الدرع من بعض مظاهر التلف الخطيرة مثل: التحطم الى أجزاء، حيث عثر على العديد من القشور الجلديه مبعثرة في صندوق ومنفصلة عن الحامل الكتاني للدرع. مما جعل الحدود الخارجية لهذا الدرع مبهمة وغير مفهومة. لذلك كان الدرع في أمس الحاجة للتدخل بالترميم وإعادة البناء. تم اجراء بعض عمليات التوثيق قبل البدء بإجراءات الترميم. تم تطبيق العديد من إجراءات الترميم القابلة لإعادة المعالجة على الدرع سعيا لتحقيق استقرار في حالة الدرع والوصول إلى حالة مستدامة. وتضمنت عمليات الترميم العديد من الفحوص والتحاليل التي ساعدت في الكشف عن المواد والتقنيات الصناعية المستخدمة في تصنيع هذا الدرع. درع توت عنخ آمون ذو القشور الجلدية يتكون من مجموعة من القشور المتصلة بحامل كتاني. يتكون هذا الحامل من عدة طبقات. افترض هوارد كارتر أن هذا الحامل الكتاني يتكون من 6 طبقات. ساعدت عمليات الترميم المختلفة على الكشف عن العدد الحقيقي للحامل الكتاني الى جانب الوصول لأفضل حالة من الإستقرار. يهدف هذا البحث الى تناول أهمية اجراءات الترميم المنفذة في تحديد و الكشف عن المواد المستخدمة في تصنيع الدرع الجلدي القشري. [EN] This paper discusses and views the conservation procedures of the leather scale armour of Tutankhamun, which was in a critical condition and many conservation procedures had to be conducted. The armour suffered from some serious deterioration aspects, such as fragmentation, losing of its original shape, its parts were scattered inside the box and separations from the linen support. The armour needed conservation and reconstruction. Some conservation treatments and materials were chosen carefully after their evaluation. Documentation measures were done before conservation. Several reversible conservation procedures were applied on the armour to reach stabilization and sustainable condition. The conservation treatments included many investigations and analyses that helped revealing materials and techniques of the making of the armour. The leather scale armour of Tutankhamun consisted of leather scales attached to a linen support of several layers. Howard Carter assumed that the linen support consisted of 6 layers, yet recent conservation treatments revealed that the linen support consisted of 12 layers in the upper part near the suspenders, 6 in chest area, and 3 in abdominal area. UV imaging of the scale armour was achieved to test if the armour was involved in any actual battle or war. This paper aims to view the importance of conservation procedures in identifying and revealing all materials used in manufacturing the leather scale armour

Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improve Rheumatoid Arthritis Progression by Controlling Memory T Cell Response

In the last years, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapies have become an interesting therapeutic opportunity for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) due to their capacity to potently modulate the immune response. RA is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disorder with an incompletely understood etiology. However, it has been well described that peripheral tolerance defects and the subsequent abnormal infiltration and activation of diverse immune cells into the synovial membrane, are critical for RA development and progression. Moreover, the imbalance between the immune response of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cells, in particular between memory Th17 and memory regulatory T cells (Treg), respectively, is well admitted to be associated to RA immunopathogenesis. In this context, MSCs, which are able to alter the frequency and function of memory lymphocytes including Th17, follicular helper T (Tfh) cells and gamma delta (γδ) T cells while promoting Treg cell generation, have been proposed as a candidate of choice for RA cell therapy. Indeed, given the plasticity of memory CD4+ T cells, it is reasonable to think that MSCs will restore the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory memory T cells populations deregulated in RA leading to prompt their therapeutic function. In the present review, we will discuss the role of memory T cells implicated in RA pathogenesis and the beneficial effects exerted by MSCs on the phenotype and functions of these immune cells abnormally regulated in RA and how this regulation could impact RA progression

Raettaui

EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Contribution of small ruminants to household income in the agroecological northwestern coastal zone of Egypt

The study was conducted in the northwestern coastal zone of Egypt in order to explore the relative economic importance of small ruminant production. Based on water resources, the study area was divided into three agroecological sub­zones (AEZ): i) the rain-fed area (RA) in the west, ii) the dry area (DA) in the middle, and iii) the irrigated area (IA) in the east. Data collection was carried out through field surveys using a pre-tested questionnaire. Productivity ranged from 20.8 to 25.4 kg and from 18.9 to 20.9 kg for sheep and goats, respec­tively. Sheep and goat productivity was lower in DA than in RA or IA (p > 0.05). Small ruminant production was profitable under different AEZ. The returns on capital invested in sheep production were 22.3, 17.9 and 14.4% for IA, RA and DA, respectively. The corresponding figures for goat production were 16.5, 16.7 and 16.7%, respectively. The contribution of livestock to household income ranged from 40.8 to 71.6% across AEZ. Comparison between crop and livestock incomes in DA revealed that, whereas livestock accounted for 71.6% of the total net income, crop production contributed a mere 2.5–5%. Within the livestock sector, small ruminant contributed the highest (63.4%). Making farmers aware of the financial benefits of small ruminants may convince them to consider the lat­ter as a better alternative to crop production in terms of income generation. This will probably influence their decision on the allocation of their limited resources to the competing alternatives