PROTOTIPO DE VIVIENDA SOCIAL PRODUCTIVA PERIURBANA Y HABILITACIÓN URBANA EN LA PROVINCIA DE SAN ROMÁN, JULIACA.

Las necesidades habitacionales de la población migrante en zonas periurbanas, que migran desde áreas rurales hacia las urbanas, presentan modos de habitar informales y carentes de planeamiento adecuado, como lo menciona Vizcarra (2022). Muchos de estos hogares no cumplen con los estándares sugeridos por el Reglamento Nacional de Edificaciones (2019), generando problemas de habitabilidad y conflictos de vivienda con las necesidades de las familias periurbanas en la provincia de San Román

Mycophenolate Mofetil Decreases Atherosclerotic Lesion Size by Depression of Aortic T-Lymphocyte and Interleukin-17–Mediated Macrophage Accumulation

ObjectivesThis study tested whether immunosuppression with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) inhibits atherosclerosis development in apolipoprotein-E–deficient (Apoe−/−) mice and investigated the mechanism.BackgroundChronic vascular inflammation involving both innate and adaptive immunity is central in the development of atherosclerosis, but immunosuppressive treatment is not uniformly beneficial. The immunosuppressive MMF targets lymphocyte proliferation by inhibiting inosine-monophosphate dehydrogenase.MethodsYoung and aged Apoe−/− mice were treated with 30 mg/kg daily MMF during 12 and 3 weeks of a high-fat diet, respectively. Aortic lesion size and composition was investigated by histology and flow cytometry; soluble inflammatory mediators were investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsMacroscopic and histologic aortic atherosclerotic lesions were significantly decreased in both MMF-treated groups. While systemic immunoglobulin G directed against low-density lipoproteins was not significantly altered, the T-cell cytokine interleukin (IL)-17 was significantly reduced in plasma of MMF-treated mice and supernatants from their aortas after T-cell stimulation. The MMF treatment decreased aortic αβ T-cell receptor+ lymphocyte proliferation and cell numbers. Also, aortic contents of CD11b+CD11c+ cells and their proliferation were reduced in MMF-treated Apoe−/− mice. The IL-17 supplementation restored the number of proliferating aortic CD11b+CD11c+ cells in MMF-treated mice. The IL-17 receptor A was highly expressed on circulating monocytes that are macrophage progenitors. Genetic deletion of IL-17 receptor A or IL-17A reduced inflammatory peritoneal CD11b+CD11c+ macrophage accumulation.ConclusionsThe lymphocyte-directed immunosuppressant MMF that curbs IL-17 production was a successful antiatherosclerotic treatment. Our data delineate a role for IL-17 in CD11b+CD11c+ cell accumulation

Stromal Derived Factor-1 (SDF-1/CXCL12) and CXCR4 in renal cell carcinoma metastasis

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is characterized by organ-specific metastases. The chemokine stromal derived factor-1 (SDF-1/CXCL12) and its receptor CXCR4 have been suggested to regulate organ-specific metastasis in various other cancers. On this basis, we hypothesized that the biological axis of CXCL12 via interaction with its receptor, CXCR4, is a major mechanism for RCC metastasis. We demonstrated that CXCR4 was significantly expressed on circulating cytokeratin+ RCC cells from patients with known metastatic RCC. We detected up-regulation of CXCR4 mRNA and protein levels on a human RCC cell line by either knockdown of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor protein, or incubating the cells under hypoxic conditions. The enhanced CXCR4 expression was mediated through the interaction of the Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α (HIF-1α) with the promoter region of the CXCR4 gene. Furthermore, the expression of CXCR4 on human RCC directly correlated with their metastatic ability in vivo in both heterotopic and orthotopic SCID mouse models of human RCC. Neutralization of CXCL12 in SCID mice abrogated metastasis of RCC to target organs expressing high levels of CXCL12; without altering tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, or tumor-associated angiogenesis. Therefore, our data suggest that the CXCL12/CXCR4 biological axis plays an important role in regulating the organ-specific metastasis of RCC

Los principales problemas de salud según la opinión de los usuarios

ObjetivoConocer los problemas de salud o enfermedades que los usuarios de 2 áreas básicas de salud (ABS) consideran más importantes para la población española y para sí mismos; averiguar si existe relación entre estos problemas y los que afectan a miembros de su entorno familiar y social.DiseñoEstudio observacional, transversal, descriptivo.EmplazamientoCuatro y 2 consultas de las ABS Sant Josep (L’Hospitalet de Llobregat) y San Martí (Barcelonés), respectivamente.PacientesSe incluyeron 360 pacientes mayores de 26 años que acudieron a las consultas por algún problema de salud. Los participantes fueron elegidos por muestreo aleatorio sistemático entre los meses de mayo y octubre de 2000.Mediciones y resultados principalesLos datos se obtuvieron a partir de una encuesta con 10 preguntas. En opinión de los participantes, los principales problemas de salud en la población española y para sí mismos fueron: cáncer, enfermedades cardiovasculares y sida. El cáncer (58,61%; IC del 95%, 53,53–63,69) y el sida (15,27%; IC del 95%, 11,56–18,98) fueron los problemas considerados como prioritarios para la investigación. Los problemas del aparato locomotor (22,10%; IC del 95%, 17,82–26,38), la hipertensión (14,74%; IC del 95%, 11,08–18,40) y la diabetes (13,14%, IC del 95%, 9,66–16,62) fueron los principales problemas que afirmaron tener los encuestados.ConclusionesEl cáncer y las enfermedades cardiovasculares se revelan como las que más preocupan a los encuestados y que afectan a más miembros de su entorno familiar y social. En cambio, su preocupación por el sida no refleja la realidad de dicho entorno. Con frecuencia no reconocen el problema de salud que ha motivado su visita como una verdadera enfermedad.ObjectiveTo know the health problems or diseases that patients of 2 basic health areas (BHA) assess as the most important for Spanish population and for themselves; to know if any relation exists between these problems and their existence in the family or social patients’ environment.DesignAn observational cross-sectional and descriptive studySettingFour clinics of the BHA Sant Josep (L´Hospitalet de Llobregat) and 2 clinics of the BHA Sant Martí (Barcelonés).PatientsThe sample consists of 360 patients aged above 26 years who attended clinics for some health problem. Participants were chosen by a randomised systematic sampling, from May to October 2000.Measurements and main resultsData were gathered from a questionnaire of ten items. Acording with the participants, the main problems for Spanish population and for themselves were: cancer, cardiovascular diseases and AIDS. Cancer (58,61%; 95% CI, 53,53–63,69) and AIDS (15,27%; 95% CI, 11,56–18,98) are the problems pointed out as research priorities. The aparato locomotor (22,10%; 95% CI, 17,82–26,38), hypertension (14,74%; 95% CI, 11,08–18,40) and diabetes (13,14%, 95% CI, 9,66–16,62) are the main problems suffered by the surveyed. Cancer is the disease that more participants’ relatives suffered.ConclusionsCancer and cardiovascular diseases are the pathologies that cause more concern among the surveyed and these are the diseases which mostly affect their relatives and relationships. Nevertheless their worry for the AIDS don´t show their immediate reality. Frequently, patients don´t recognize the health problem that motivated their visit as a real disease

Modulating effect of instructions on an event-based prospective memory task

El paradigma de memoria prospectiva basado en eventos consta de una tarea de fondo y otra prospectiva. Las instrucciones permiten modular la importancia dada a la tarea prospectiva respecto de la de fondo, con el peligro de restar sensibilidad a la prueba por la baja o alta tasa de recuerdo, o producir un cambio de paradigma (atención dividida). Con el propósito de modular la tasa de recuerdo sin incurrir en estos problemas, se analizó el efecto de las variables etiqueta (nombre de la tarea) y formato (color del texto) sobre la tasa de recuerdo. La variable etiqueta tuvo un efecto signifi cativo sobre el rendimiento de los sujetos (incremento del 17.20%), sin afectar a la sensibilidad de la prueba ni producir un cambio de paradigma. Se discuten los resultados dentro de la Teoría de los procesos atencionales preparatorios y de memoria (pam), así como su aplicabilidad en diferentes ámbitos

Efecto de la emoción sobre la memoria prospectiva: un nuevo enfoque basado en procedimientos operantes

Prospective memory denotes the ability to remember to perform actions in the future, and may be affected in different ways by the emotional content of the elements determining it. In the laboratory context, this situation can be reproduced through the induction of emotions during the performance of prospective memory tasks. We investigated whether by inducing a negative or positive emotion after the performance of a programmed task we were respectively “punishing” or “rewarding” such responses. If this proved to be the case, we further studied whether this would have an effect on remembering to perform it again in the future. We discuss this issue by analysing recent related work and we propose the use of operant procedures to analyze the effect of emotion on prospective memory.La memoria prospectiva, definida como el recuerdo de realizar una acción programada en un momento determinado del futuro, puede verse afectada de diferente manera por el contenido emocional de los elementos que la determinan. En el contexto de laboratorio esta cuestión puede reproducirse mediante la inducción de emociones durante la realización de la tarea de memoria prospectiva. En este sentido, nos preguntamos si al inducir una emoción negativa o positiva tras la realización de la acción programada, estamos “castigando” y “reforzando”, respectivamente, dicha conducta, y de ser así, qué efectos tendría sobre el recuerdo de volver a realizarla en un futuro. Discutimos este planteamiento a través del análisis de recientes trabajos que han abordado el tema desde diferentes puntos de vista, y proponemos la utilización de procedimientos operantes para analizar el efecto de la emoción sobre la memoria prospectiva

¿ Es posible reforzar y castigar la conducta intencionada?

We study the effect of emotional induction in a prospective memory task based on events by means of the presentation of negative, neutral and positive pictures after performance of an intentional behavior. No effects were found on the rate of prospective memory. On the other hand, a positive correlation between this one and the rate of incidental recognition of the pictures was obtained, and in the same sense with the average performance time of the intentional behavior; beside a negative correlation with respect to the number of errors committed in the ongoing task. We discuss the implication of these results and the using of operant procedures to analyze the effect of emotion on prospective memorySe estudió el efecto de la inducción emocional en una tarea de memoria prospectiva basada en eventos mediante la presentación de fotografías negativas, neutras y positivas de manera posterior a la realización de la conducta intencionada. No se encontraron efectos sobre la tasa de memoria prospectiva; sin embargo, se obtuvo una correlación positiva entre ésta y la tasa de reconocimiento incidental de las fotografías, y en el mismo sentido con el tiempo de ejecución medio de la conducta intencionada; además de una correlación negativa respecto al número de errores cometidos en la tarea de fondo. Se analizan las implicaciones de estos resultados y la utilización de procedimientos operantes para analizar el efecto de la emoción sobre la memoria prospectiva

A novel preclinical model for rheumatoid arthritis research

Based on increasing knowledge on the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), more and more potential therapeutics have been developed. To evaluate their therapeutic efficacy, safety and toxicity, appropriate animal models are required. Although rodent models of RA have been extensively used for preclinical evaluation, the differences between rodents and humans limit their usability for some species-specific therapeutics. Therefore, autoimmune arthritis developed in a non-human primate with essential hallmarks of RA will be an alternative model for preclinical studies

The RNA polymerase factory: a robotic in vitro assembly platform for high-throughput production of recombinant protein complexes

The in-depth structure/function analysis of large protein complexes, such as RNA polymerases (RNAPs), requires an experimental platform capable of assembling variants of such enzymes in large numbers in a reproducible manner under defined in vitro conditions. Here we describe a streamlined and integrated protocol for assembling recombinant archaeal RNAPs in a high-throughput 96-well format. All aspects of the procedure including construction of redesigned expression plasmids, development of automated protein extraction/in vitro assembly methods and activity assays were specifically adapted for implementation on robotic platforms. The optimized strategy allows the parallel assembly and activity assay of 96 recombinant RNAPs (including wild-type and mutant variants) with little or no human intervention within 24 h. We demonstrate the high-throughput potential of this system by evaluating the side-chain requirements of a single amino acid position of the RNAP Bridge Helix using saturation mutagenesis

Translational Medicine - doing it backwards

In recent years the concept of "translational medicine" has been advanced in an attempt to catalyze the medical applications of basic biomedical research. However, there has been little discussion about the readiness of scientists themselves to respond to what we believe is a required new approach to scientific discovery if this new concept is to bear fruit. The present paradigm of hypothesis-driven research poorly suits the needs of biomedical research unless efforts are spent in identifying clinically relevant hypotheses. The dominant funding system favors hypotheses born from model systems and not humans, bypassing the Baconian principle of relevant observations and experimentation before hypotheses. Here, we argue that that this attitude has born two unfortunate results: lack of sufficient rigor in selecting hypotheses relevant to human disease and limitations of most clinical studies to certain outcome parameters rather than expanding knowledge of human pathophysiology; an illogical approach to translational medicine. If we wish to remain true to our responsibility and duty of performing research relevant to human disease, we must begin to think about fundamental new approaches