Introducing the Rising Powers Diplomatic Network (RPDN): A Dataset for Rising Powers' Presidential Diplomacy and Diplomatic Presence Abroad

This article introduces the Rising Powers Diplomatic Network (RPDN) dataset, which monitors the distribution of the diplomatic apparatus of emerging powers across the globe. RPDN's release version contains data on two countries, Brazil and Turkey, covering mainly the 1995-2015 timespan, thus providing a comprehensive portrait of the evolution of their diplomatic capacity and patterns of interstate interactions. Specifically, RPDN contains information on two items: presidential diplomacy (i.e.: number of official visits) and diplomatic presence (number and size of diplomatic representations abroad). Data for Turkey also list visits by the prime minister in addition to the president's. Data for Brazil also report: size of staff at each diplomatic post, post ranking/grade and number of military attachés abroad. The article concludes demonstrating RPDN's applicability, by addressing a central question in the regional powers literature: do regional powers emphasize their regions in their diplomacy in comparison to other destinations? It is expected that this dataset makes a contribution to quantitative research on rising powers and their diplomacy

Genome of Rhodnius prolixus, an insect vector of Chagas disease, reveals unique adaptations to hematophagy and parasite infection

Rhodnius prolixus not only has served as a model organism for the study of insect physiology, but also is a major vector of Chagas disease, an illness that affects approximately seven million people worldwide. We sequenced the genome of R. prolixus, generated assembled sequences covering 95% of the genome (∼702 Mb), including 15,456 putative protein-coding genes, and completed comprehensive genomic analyses of this obligate blood-feeding insect. Although immune-deficiency (IMD)-mediated immune responses were observed, R. prolixus putatively lacks key components of the IMD pathway, suggesting a reorganization of the canonical immune signaling network. Although both Toll and IMD effectors controlled intestinal microbiota, neither affected Trypanosoma cruzi, the causal agent of Chagas disease, implying the existence of evasion or tolerance mechanisms. R. prolixus has experienced an extensive loss of selenoprotein genes, with its repertoire reduced to only two proteins, one of which is a selenocysteine-based glutathione peroxidase, the first found in insects. The genome contained actively transcribed, horizontally transferred genes from Wolbachia sp., which showed evidence of codon use evolution toward the insect use pattern. Comparative protein analyses revealed many lineage-specific expansions and putative gene absences in R. prolixus, including tandem expansions of genes related to chemoreception, feeding, and digestion that possibly contributed to the evolution of a blood-feeding lifestyle. The genome assembly and these associated analyses provide critical information on the physiology and evolution of this important vector species and should be instrumental for the development of innovative disease control methods.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (NIH Grant NHGRI-HG003079)National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U.S.) (Grant HHSN272200900039C)Seventh Framework Programme (European Commission) (Marie Curie PIOF-GA-2011-303312

An Observational Investigation of Mid-Latitude Thermospheric Temperatures and High-Latitude E-Region Neutral Wind Structures

The Earth\u27s atmosphere is a complicated environment. Different physical processes affect it depending on the altitude and latitude, among other factors. Three different aspects of the Earth\u27s upper atmosphere are investigated here, using two different techniques. These investigations are: the mid-latitude midnight temperature maximum (MTM), the mesosphere and low-thermosphere Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (KHI), and the advective acceleration in the E-region. All of these studies occur in the Earth\u27s thermosphere and expand our understanding of these phenomena that represent different ways in which energy is transferred throughout the Earth\u27s atmosphere. Observing and characterizing these energy transfer pathways is crucial to further our knowledge of these geophysical processes. The MTM is typically understood as an equatorial phenomenon that has a characteristic temperature increase around midnight due to the constructive interference between tidal components. While this phenomenon has been studied thoroughly in latitudes $\u3c\pm$20$^\circ$ and modeled to reach $\sim$60$^\circ$; previous observations of temperature and winds had not confirmed its occurrence in latitudes $\u3e$20$^\circ$ N. In \citet{Mesquita2018} and Chapter \ref{chap:MTM} the following scientific question is addressed: What are the characteristics of the mid-latitude MTM? To answer it, a technique was developed to observe the phenomenon and estimate its amplitude between 32$^\circ$ N and 42$^\circ$ N. This investigation used the North American Thermosphere Ionosphere Observing Network (NATION) containing 5 Fabry-Perot interferometers (FPI). Its data set includes a total of 846 nights of observations over a period of approximately 5 years. The new approach for calculating the MTM amplitude was developed by using a series of fits to determine the tidal background. Removing this background from the temperatures and applying an inversion algorithm allowed for the construction of two-dimensional temperature and wind maps, which illustrated the effects of the MTM on the wind field. A statistical analysis of the feature proved that both MTM peaks oscillate with semi-annual and annual periods. The KHI has been observed and characterized in the mesosphere (statically unstable region). However, the few observations of this phenomena in the low thermosphere (statically stable region) were not detailed and did not show evidence of turbulence above the mesopause. The following scientific questions were still unanswered: What is the triggering mechanism of KHIs in statically stable regions and how does it evolve? These questions are addressed by \citet{Mesquita2020} and in Chapter \ref{chap:SS}. The triangulation of vapor traces from sounding rockets showed the KHI in great detail above 100 km. Characterizing the KHI development in three dimensions revealed wavelength, eddy diameter, and vertical length scale of 9.8, 5.2, and 3.8 km, respectively, centered at 102 km altitude. Further analysis of dimensionless numbers -- such as Richardson, Reynolds, and Froude numbers -- illustrated that the presence of strong and sustained shears was the mechanism involved in generating KHIs in the thermosphere. Advection has been modeled to be an important acceleration in high-latitude. However, observations of this forcing mechanism have been scarce. Moreover, previous studies investigated the effects of the Hall drag on the Coriolis parameter without including the centrifugal force in the analysis. Chapter \ref{chap:adv} addresses the following scientific question: How does geomagnetic activity affect the vertical distribution of forces (including advection) and the modified Coriolis parameter in the E-region? Triangulation of vapor traces released from sounding rockets was used to calculate the meridional advective acceleration. The observations took place during 5 different geomagnetic conditions for the JOULE II, HEX II, MIST, Auroral Jets, and Super Soaker launches. The instantaneous Lorentz acceleration, which is often considered a dominant force in high-latitude active conditions, was calculated by using the Poker Flat Incoherent Scatter Radar (PFISR) data. These calculations showed that advection can become a dominant term depending on the geomagnetic activity level. The analysis of modified Coriolis parameter $\Phi$, which includes the centrifugal acceleration, revealed that in strong geomagnetic activity an air parcel tends to remain in the auroral oval (channel of enhanced Lorentz acceleration) for an extended period of time. This potentially provides an explanation for why winds are enhanced in the low thermosphere above 115 km during strong geomagnetic activity

A identidade internacional do Brasil: uma síntese da literatura

O presente artigo faz uma síntese da literatura sobre o tema da identidade internacional, bem como de suas aplicações ao caso brasileiro. Para tanto, resume os debates sobre identidade nacional e internacional, detalhando as especificidades teóricas, disciplinares e analíticas de cada um, e propõe uma síntese conceitual, respaldada em conceitos da Análise de Discurso. Em seguida, agrupam-se as principais interpretações da identidade internacional brasileira em cinco “dimensões”: socioeconômica, política, étnico-cultural, geográfica, e dos valores. Essa categorização provê um framework parcimonioso que futuras pesquisas poderão empregar e aperfeiçoar

Regionalismo, integração regional e as relações internacionais: uma introdução teórica

O presente artigo oferece uma introdução didática às principais teorias do regionalismo e da integração regional. Mais especificamente, explora as interseções entre as grandes teorias de RI – realismo, liberalismo e construtivismo – com os processos regionais, além de expor as teorias originais que emergiram neste subcampo disciplinar. Seu objetivo é oferecer ao leitor um panorama acessível e conciso das principais visões que se desenvolveram em anos recente sobre tais fenômenos. Assim, o estudo provê (1) uma definição conceitual dos processos de regionalismo e integração, seguida de (2) uma revisão sobre as sucessivas fases do regionalismo ao longo da história, e de (3) uma síntese teórica do regionalismo, identificando aplicações das grandes teorias de RI ao campo regional, e detalhando as reflexões originais dos estudos de integração. À guisa de conclusão, são oferecidos exemplos recentes de atualização das teorias do regionalismo para além do referencial europeu. Palavras-chave: regionalismo, integração regional, teoria das relações internacionai

Produção de bebida fermentada a partir do extrato de soja (Glycine max) enriquecido com extrato de castanha-do-Brasil (Bertholletia excelsa)

Monografia (graduação)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, 2014.Produtos sem lactose vem sendo uma importante demanda e necessidade do mercado, tendo em vista os intolerantes ao carboidrato e também as pessoas que escolhem abdicar do consumo do leite e seus derivados. O extrato solúvel de soja representa um dos maiores substitutos do leite, mas tem seu consumo limitado em razão de aroma e sabor desagradáveis. O "chalkness" é a sensação desagradável apresentada pelo extrato de soja, podendo ser amenizado pela mistura de poupa de frutas ou outros ingredientes. A castanha-do-Brasil, popularmente chamada de castanha do pará, é uma amêndoa do qual também se tem a possibilidade de elaboração de extrato solúvel, com sabor e odor desagradável, onde se encontra altos valores nutricionais em relação de aminoácidos essenciais, minerais como oselênio, e lipídeos como oômega3. A mistura dos extratos de castanha-do-Brasil e soja é uma opção para amenizar o "chalkness", sendo o de soja obtido a partir da embebição do grão, seguido de trituração pré diluída,diluição com aquecimento e coagem, já o extrato de castanha-do-Brasil é elaborado trituração com aquecimento e coagem. A bebida fermentada foi produzida a partir de mistura dos extratos de soja (60%) e castanha-do-Brasil(40%) adicionou-se açúcar(10%) e estrato de soja em pó(3%), com a temperatura de40ºCinoculou-se a cultura de fermentação e deixada de 4,5 horas na estufa a temperatura de40ºC. Foi avaliado a manutenção das boas características nutricionais da bebida elaborada após a fermentação, tendo em vista o nível protéico, os minerais e os lipídeos benéficos. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTLactose-free products has been an important demand and market need, given the carbohydrate intolerant andpeoplewho choose to give up milk consumption and its derivatives. Soybean soluble extract is one of the largest milk replacers, but has limited use due to unpleasant aroma and flavor. The "chalkness" is the unpleasant sensation presented by soybean extract, which can be mitigated by mixing saves fruit or other ingredients. The Brazil-Brazil, Brazil nuts popularly called, is an almond which also has the possibility to produce soluble extract, flavored taste and pleasant odor, where high nutritional value in relation to essential amino acids, minerals and selenium, and lipids such as omega 3. the mixing of the Brazil nut and soy extracts is an option to lessen the "chalkness", and the obtained soybean from the soaking grain, followed by grinding diluted pre , dilution with heating and coerce, since the Brazil-Brazil extract is prepared grinding with heating and coerce. The brew was produced from a blend of soy extract (60%) and the Brazil nut (40%) was added sugar (10%) and layer of soybean powder (3%) with temperature 40C inoculated into the fermentation culture and allowed to 4.5 hours in an oven at a temperature of 40 ° C. We assessed the maintenance of good nutritional characteristics of the produced beverage after fermentation in view of protein level, the beneficial minerals and lipids

PESSOAS TRANS E EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL E TECNOLÓGICA (EPT): NARRATIVAS E OUTRAS POSSIBILIDADES

The concepts of EPT and the concepts involved with Trans people (Transvestites, Transsexuals and Transgender people) need to be socialized in the spaces of education, formal and non-formal, considering that in Brazil transphobia is recurrent. This research intends to answer how are the academic productions that address Trans issues in the field of Professional and Technological Education. Thus, the objective of this work is to analyze the scientific productions on EFA and Trans people in the years 2018 to 2023. A qualitative methodology of narrative literature review was used for the development of updated analyzes on the themes, the Google Scholar database was adopted. The categories Integral Formation, World of Work, Social Name and Transphobia were found in the discussions of the selected texts. Given the above, it can be seen that the publications with the theme of EPT and Trans people stimulate articulations for a more human and integral praxis in the processes of education and insertion in the world of work. Among the findings, some proposals direct to the relevance and emergence of these studies in the search for the continued development of EPT and the successful insertion of transgender people in Brazilian society.Los conceptos de EPT y los conceptos involucrados con las personas Trans (Travestis, Transexuales y Transgéneros) necesitan ser socializados en los espacios educativos formales y no formales, dado que la transfobia es recurrente en Brasil. Esta investigación pretende responder cómo son las producciones académicas que abordan la temática Trans en el ámbito de la Educación Profesional y Tecnológica. Así, el objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las producciones científicas sobre EPT y personas Trans en los años 2018 a 2023. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa de revisión narrativa de literatura para desarrollar análisis actualizadas sobre los temas, se adoptó la base de datos Google Scholar. En las discusiones de los textos seleccionados se encontraron las categorías Formación Integral, Mundo del Trabajo, Nombre Social y Transfobia. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, se observa que las publicaciones sobre el tema de la EPT y las personas Trans estimulan articulaciones para una praxis más humana e integral en los procesos de formación e inserción en el mundo del trabajo. Entre los hallazgos, algunas propuestas apuntan a la relevancia y emergencia de estos estudios en la búsqueda de la continuidad del desarrollo de la EPT y de la inserción exitosa de las personas trans en la sociedad brasileña.Os conceitos de Educação Profissional e Tecnológica - EPT e aqueles envolvidos com as pessoas Trans (Travestis, Transexuais e Transgêneras/os) precisam ser socializados nos espaços de educar, formais e não-formais, tendo em vista que, no Brasil, a transfobia é recorrente. Essa pesquisa pretende responder como estão as produções acadêmicas recentes que abordam as questões Trans no campo da EPT. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é discutir o mapeamento das produções científicas sobre EPT e pessoas Trans nos anos de 2018 a 2023, a partir de reflexões teóricas-empíricas. Utilizou-se de uma metodologia qualitativa de revisão narrativa de literatura para o desenvolvimento de análises atualizadas sobre os temas e adotou-se a base de dados Google Scholar .Foram elaborados como categorias Formação Integral, Mundo do Trabalho, Nome Social e Transfobia nas análises e discussões dos textos selecionados. Dado o exposto, percebe-se que as publicações com a temática de EPT e pessoas Trans estimulam articulações para uma práxis mais humana e integral nos processos de educação e inserção no mundo do trabalho. Dentre os achados, algumas propostas direcionam para a pertinência e emergência desses estudos na busca pelo desenvolvimento continuado da EPT e inserção exitosa das transgeneridades na sociedade brasileira

Effets hétérogènes des investissements publics dans le complexe naval de Rio Grande (Brésil) : une analyse de l'emploi local pour la période de 2007 à 2017

This paper investigates the heterogeneous effects, in space and time, of Brazilian government investments in the naval sector on formal employment. Large investments for the construction of oil platforms were allocated to the municipalities of Rio Grande and São José do Norte between 2007 and 2017, where a naval complex was developed. Using a differences-in-differences model adapted for heterogeneous identification, we verified causality and estimated the extent of the effects of the shipping sector (and state support) on aggregate employment. The results showed that the effect was significant and of great magnitude: the number of formal jobs created in the two municipalities of the complex, at the height of the sector, was equivalent to 7.8% and 10.4% of the respective populations. These positive effects were not maintained when investments and incentives decreased due to corruption investigations in the oil industry and the government. Therefore, this type of policy must be designed so that, in the medium term, it is not dependent on the incentive or demand promoted by the State. Otherwise, the positive social effect obtained in the short term may not even exceed the public cost of the incentive produced.Este artigo investiga os efeitos heterogêneos, no espaço e no tempo, de investimentos do governo brasileiro para o setor naval no emprego formal. Entre 2007 e 2017, com créditos subsidiados e outros incentivos, grandes investimentos para a construção de plataformas de petróleo foram destinados aos municípios de Rio Grande e São José do Norte, no extremo sul do Brasil, onde um complexo naval foi desenvolvido. Usando um modelo de diferenças-em-diferenças adaptado para identificação heterogênea, verificamos a causalidade e estimamos a extensão dos efeitos do setor naval (e do apoio do estado) no emprego agregado. Os resultados mostram que o efeito foi significativo e de grande magnitude: o número de empregos formais criados nos dois municípios do complexo, no auge do setor, equivaleu a 7,8% e 10,4% das respectivas populações. Esses efeitos positivos não foram mantidos quando os investimentos e incentivos diminuíram devido a investigações de corrupção na indústria do petróleo e no governo. Portanto, esse tipo de política deve ser projetado de tal maneira que, a médio prazo, não dependa do incentivo ou da demanda promovida pelo Estado. Caso contrário, o efeito social positivo obtido a curto prazo pode nem mesmo superar o custo público do incentivo produzido.Este artículo investiga los efectos heterogéneos, en el espacio y en el tiempo, de las inversiones del gobierno brasileño en el sector naval en el empleo formal. Entre 2007 y 2017, con créditos subsidiados y otros incentivos, se destinaron grandes inversiones para la construcción de plataformas petroleras a los municipios de Rio Grande y São José do Norte, en el extremo sur de Brasil, donde se desarrolló un complejo naval. Utilizando un modelo de diferencias en diferencias adaptado para la identificación heterogénea, verificamos la causalidad y estimamos la extensión de los efectos del sector naval (y del apoyo estatal) en el empleo agregado. Los resultados muestran que el efecto fue significativo y de gran magnitud: el número de empleos formales creados en los dos municipios del complejo, en el apogeo del sector, equivalió al 7,8% y 10,4% de las respectivas poblaciones. Estos efectos positivos no se mantuvieron cuando las inversiones e incentivos disminuyeron debido a las investigaciones de corrupción en la industria petrolera y en el gobierno. Por lo tanto, este tipo de política debe diseñarse de tal manera que, a medio plazo, no dependa del incentivo o la demanda promovida por el Estado. De lo contrario, el efecto social positivo obtenido a corto plazo puede no superar siquiera el costo público del incentivo producido.Cet article étudie les effets hétérogènes, dans l'espace et le temps, des investissements du gouvernement brésilien dans le secteur naval sur l'emploi formel. Entre 2007 et 2017, avec des crédits bonifiés et d'autres incitations, d'importants investissements pour la construction de plates-formes pétrolières ont été alloués aux municipalités de Rio Grande et de São José do Norte, à l'extrême sud du Brésil, où un complexe naval a été développé. En utilisant un modèle de différences dans les différences adapté à l'identification hétérogène, nous avons vérifié la causalité et estimé l'ampleur des effets du secteur naval (et du soutien de l'État) sur l'emploi agrégé. Les résultats montrent que l'effet était significatif et d'une grande ampleur : le nombre d'emplois formels créés dans les deux municipalités du complexe, au pic de l'activité, correspondait à 7,8% et 10,4% de leurs populations respectives. Ces effets positifs n'ont pas été maintenus lorsque les investissements et les incitations ont diminué en raison d'enquêtes sur la corruption dans l'industrie pétrolière et au gouvernement. Par conséquent, ce type de politique doit être conçu de manière à ne pas dépendre de l'incitation ou de la demande promue par l'État à moyen terme. Sinon, l'effet social positif obtenu à court terme peut ne pas dépasser le coût public de l'incitation produite

O poder régio e suas atribuições no Speculum Regum (1341-1344) do franciscano Àlvaro Pelayo, Bispo de Silves (1333-1350)

Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Fátima Regina FernandesDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Parana, Setor de Ciências Humanas, Letras e Artes, Programa de Pós-Graduação em História. Defesa: Curitiba,07/03/2013Bibliografia: fls. 129-136Resumo: Esta pesquisa visa analisar a concepção que o frade franciscano galego Álvaro Pelayo (Bispo de Silves entre 1333 e 1350) tem do poder régio e suas atribuições. A obra Speculum Regum ("O Espelho dos Reis"), dedicada ao rei Afonso XI de Castela (1312-1350), define as origens do poder régio, suas competências e enuncia um longo programa de governo baseado no exercício das virtudes cardeais. Assim, o autor busca expor ao rei como este deve governar, baseando-se em interpretações das Escrituras, dos Padres da Igreja, das Leis Canônicas e do Direirto Romano. A redação do Speculum Regum iniciou-se um ano após a vitória portuguesa e castelhana sobre os muçulmanos na Batalha do Salado (1340) e encerrou-se no ano de 1344, com a tomada de Algeciras pelo rei castelhano, que, apoiado pelo episcopado em sua contínua guerra contra as hostes islâmicas na Península, buscava mostrar-se como um rei cruzado, miles Christi. Ao mesmo tempo em que Afonso XI atuava politicamente com o apoio do episcopado, o rei Afonso IV de Portugal envolveu-se em conflitos de jurisdição com alguns bispos de seu reino, incluindo a Sé de Silves. Apoiando-nos em estudos sobre a Igreja, a história das idéias políticas e o contexto ibérico do século XIV, buscaremos entender as concepções do bispo Pelayo inseridas nos fatos vivenciados por ele no contexto das controvérsias da ordem franciscana, no conflito entre os poderes espiritual e secular, bem como a atuação episcopal de Álvaro Pelayo em Silves no contexto dos reinados de Afonso IV em Portugal e Afonso XI em Castela.Abstract: This research aims to analyze Galician Franciscan Friar Álvaro Pelayo's (Bishop of Silves between the years of 1333 and 1350) conception about regal power and its attribuitions. The work Speculum Regum ("The Mirror of Kings"), dedicated to King Alfonso XI of Castille (1312 - 1350), defines the origins of royal power, its assignments, and enunciates an extensive government program based on the practice of cardinal virtues. This way, the author seeks to expose to the king the way a monarch is supposed to rule, based on the writer's own readings on the Scriptures, Church Fathers, Cannon Law and Roman Right. The Speculum Regum started to be written a year after the victory of Portugal and Castela against the muslins in the Battle of Salado (1340) and was finished in 1344. In this same year Algeciras was conquered by the castillian king who, supported by the episcopacy on its continuous war against the islamic hosts in the peninsula, was aiming to show himself as a crusader king, miles Christi. At the same time in which Alfonso XI of Catille was acting polit ically with the episcopacy's support, King Alfonso IV of Portugal got involved in jurisdiction struggles with some bishops of his kingdom, including the See of Silves. Backing this work up with studies about the Church, the history of politic ideas and the Iberian scene from 14th century, we intend to undesrtand Bishop Pelayos's conceptions based on the facts he experienced in the context of the Franciscan Order's controversies, in the struggles between spiritual and secular powers, as well as Álvaro Pelayo's episcopal performance in Silves in the contexts of Alfonso IV's reign in Portugal and Alfonso XI's reign in Castille