Evaluation of appendicitis risk prediction models in adults with suspected appendicitis

Background Appendicitis is the most common general surgical emergency worldwide, but its diagnosis remains challenging. The aim of this study was to determine whether existing risk prediction models can reliably identify patients presenting to hospital in the UK with acute right iliac fossa (RIF) pain who are at low risk of appendicitis. Methods A systematic search was completed to identify all existing appendicitis risk prediction models. Models were validated using UK data from an international prospective cohort study that captured consecutive patients aged 16–45 years presenting to hospital with acute RIF in March to June 2017. The main outcome was best achievable model specificity (proportion of patients who did not have appendicitis correctly classified as low risk) whilst maintaining a failure rate below 5 per cent (proportion of patients identified as low risk who actually had appendicitis). Results Some 5345 patients across 154 UK hospitals were identified, of which two‐thirds (3613 of 5345, 67·6 per cent) were women. Women were more than twice as likely to undergo surgery with removal of a histologically normal appendix (272 of 964, 28·2 per cent) than men (120 of 993, 12·1 per cent) (relative risk 2·33, 95 per cent c.i. 1·92 to 2·84; P < 0·001). Of 15 validated risk prediction models, the Adult Appendicitis Score performed best (cut‐off score 8 or less, specificity 63·1 per cent, failure rate 3·7 per cent). The Appendicitis Inflammatory Response Score performed best for men (cut‐off score 2 or less, specificity 24·7 per cent, failure rate 2·4 per cent). Conclusion Women in the UK had a disproportionate risk of admission without surgical intervention and had high rates of normal appendicectomy. Risk prediction models to support shared decision‐making by identifying adults in the UK at low risk of appendicitis were identified

Manejo das hérnias paraestomais Management of paraestomal hernias

INTRODUÇÃO: A hérnia paraestomal representa complicação tardia de virtualmente todos os estomas intestinais. As manifestações clínicas oscilam desde um simples problema estético até o estrangulamento do conteúdo herniado. O grau de incapacidade produzido pela hérnia é variável. Existe gama muito grande de procedimentos utilizando ou não material protético de variada especificidade e de resultados controversos. MÉTODOS: Foi realizada revisão de literatura nos sites de pesquisa PubMed, Bireme e Scielo, com os descritores hérnias paraestomais, tratamento cirúrgico, hérnia, colostomia e ileostomia. Selecionaram-se, principalmente, os estudos de aplicação de técnicas cirúrgicas e adicionou-se a experiência clínica dos autores. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar das várias técnicas e meios à disposição do cirugião para o manuseio das hérnias paraestomais, ainda não há método ideal que venha a ser recomendado para todos os casos. Assim, a análise criteriosa dos fatores de riscos do paciente pode ajudar a escolher a melhor opção de tratamento que deve ser individualizada a cada caso.<br>INTRODUCTION: Paraestomal hernia represents a late complication of virtually all intestinal stoma. Clinical manifestations range from a simple cosmetic problem to the strangulation of the herniated contents. The degree of disability produced by the hernia is variable. There is a wide range of procedures using or not using prosthetic material of different specificity and controversial results. METHODS: Was performed a literature review on sites PubMed, BIREME, SciELO with the headings paraestomal hernias, surgery, hernia, colostomy and ileostomy. Were selected mainly studies with the application of surgical techniques and added to the authors' clinical experience. CONCLUSION: Despite various techniques and available devices to handle the paraestomal hernias, there is no ideal method that may be recommended for all cases. Thus, a careful analysis of risk factors can choose the best treatment option that should be done individualizely to each case