The tyranny of context: Israeli targeting practices in legal perspective

PublishedArticleThis Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Penn Law Journals at Penn Law: Legal Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Law by an authorized administrator of Penn Law: Legal Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected] at: http://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/jil/vol37/iss1/3No abstrac

Israeli Targeting: A Legal Appraisal

A review of Israel’s sometimes controversial positions on targeting law within the law of armed conflict shows that they are generally reasonable and consistent with mainstream contemporary state practice

On the structure and dynamics of stratified wakes generated by submerged propagating objects

The article of record as published may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1755876X.2017.1307801The structure and intensity of the intermediate wake generated by a submerged propagating body in a stratified fluid was studied using a combination of (i) numerical simulations, (ii) field measurements, and (iii) laboratory experiments. The numerical component offered guidance for the field work performed in Monterey Bay (CA, USA) in the summer of 2015. The field work focused on subsurface thermal signatures of a submerged propagating object. Vertical temperature profiles suggested that long-term changes in thermal stratification can occur after the passage of a towed body. Horizontal temperature variability, measured by an autonomous underwater vehicle facilitated the identification of the wake using perturbation temperature variance as the key diagnostic variable. Analogous thermal signatures of stratified wakes were found in ocean observations and in modelling results. The influence of the tow ship on the wake was shown to be minimal. Laboratory experiments focused on the surface expression of stratified wakes were used to complement numerical simulations and field measurements. All three components of this project indicate that detection of the wake of a submerged object based on its thermal signatures is a viable and effective approach.Naval Research ProgramConsortium for Robotics and Unmanned Systems Education and Research (CRUSER)Office of Naval ResearchNPS-N16-N155-ANPS-FY17-N262-AN0001315WX0064

Beers and blurred boundaries: The spatial and gendered organisation of pre-match venues for English football fans

Academic research into sports fans has grown in recent years with studies examining a variety of aspects associated with fandom. However, recent changes in the professionalisation and commercialisation of sport have resulted in the creation of new spaces for fan experiences. In this article, we examine one of these created spaces, the fan zone. Through a case study on matchgoing fans from Everton Football Club we explore how this new space sits alongside traditional pre-match gathering places such as the ?pub? and examine the gendered organisation of these spaces. Drawing on Bale?s concept of boundaries within sports fan communities we show that traditional venues for pre-match activities enhance, maintain and legitimise masculine boundaries within sports fandom. We argue that fan zones provide an alternative match day atmosphere and experience that is centred on a family-friendly or at least family-inclusive culture

Formal vs. informal coach education

The training of coaches is considered central to sustaining and improving the quality of sports coaching and the ongoing process of professionalisation. Sports coaches participate in a range of learning opportunities (informal to formal) that contribute to their development to varying degrees. In this article, we present our collective understanding on the varying types of learning opportunities and their contribution to coach accreditation and development. The authors presented these views (from a sports pedagogy perspective) as part of a workshop entitled "Formal vs. Informal Coach Education" at the 2007 International Council of Coach Education Master Class in Beijing. These reflections seek to stimulate the on-going, and often sterile, debate about formal versus informal coach education/learning in order to progress scholarship in coaching

An informatics model for tissue banks – Lessons learned from the Cooperative Prostate Cancer Tissue Resource

BACKGROUND: Advances in molecular biology and growing requirements from biomarker validation studies have generated a need for tissue banks to provide quality-controlled tissue samples with standardized clinical annotation. The NCI Cooperative Prostate Cancer Tissue Resource (CPCTR) is a distributed tissue bank that comprises four academic centers and provides thousands of clinically annotated prostate cancer specimens to researchers. Here we describe the CPCTR information management system architecture, common data element (CDE) development, query interfaces, data curation, and quality control. METHODS: Data managers review the medical records to collect and continuously update information for the 145 clinical, pathological and inventorial CDEs that the Resource maintains for each case. An Access-based data entry tool provides de-identification and a standard communication mechanism between each group and a central CPCTR database. Standardized automated quality control audits have been implemented. Centrally, an Oracle database has web interfaces allowing multiple user-types, including the general public, to mine de-identified information from all of the sites with three levels of specificity and granularity as well as to request tissues through a formal letter of intent. RESULTS: Since July 2003, CPCTR has offered over 6,000 cases (38,000 blocks) of highly characterized prostate cancer biospecimens, including several tissue microarrays (TMA). The Resource developed a website with interfaces for the general public as well as researchers and internal members. These user groups have utilized the web-tools for public query of summary data on the cases that were available, to prepare requests, and to receive tissues. As of December 2005, the Resource received over 130 tissue requests, of which 45 have been reviewed, approved and filled. Additionally, the Resource implemented the TMA Data Exchange Specification in its TMA program and created a computer program for calculating PSA recurrence. CONCLUSION: Building a biorepository infrastructure that meets today's research needs involves time and input of many individuals from diverse disciplines. The CPCTR can provide large volumes of carefully annotated prostate tissue for research initiatives such as Specialized Programs of Research Excellence (SPOREs) and for biomarker validation studies and its experience can help development of collaborative, large scale, virtual tissue banks in other organ systems

A conceptual study of spirituality in selected writings of Emile Jaques-Dalcroze

Several authors have noted that one of Émile Jaques-Dalcroze’s aims was to dissolve the mind–body dualism, typical of Cartesianism. However, there has been little research on the spirit–body connection, as it appears in Jaques-Dalcroze’s writings. The purpose of this document analysis is to understand how a hermeneutic phenomenological model for spirituality in music education can inform our understanding of spirituality in selected writings by Jaques-Dalcroze. In the adapted model holism, balance, aesthetic experience, and movement in time, space, and with energy emerged as core concepts. This gives us a much richer understanding of the Dalcroze approach than has hitherto been available and adds to a growing narrative about the spiritual as it pertains to Jaques-Dalcroze and the approach he initiated

Contextualising the pervasive impact of macroeconomic austerity on prison health in England: A qualitative study among international policymakers

Background: Prisons offer the state the opportunity to gain access to a population that is at particularly high risk of ill-health. Despite the supportive legal and policy structures surrounding prison rehabilitation, the oppressive nature of the austerity policy in England threatens its advanced improvement.Methods: Using grounded theory methodology, this is the first interdisciplinary qualitative study to explore the impact of macroeconomic austerity on prison health in England from the perspective of 29 international prison policymakers.Results: The far-reaching impact of austerity in England has established a regressive political system that shapes the societal attitude towards social issues, which has exacerbated the existing poor health of the prisoners. Austerity has undermined the notion of social collectivism, imposed a culture of acceptance among prison bureaucrats and the wider community, and normalised the devastating impacts of prison instability. These developments are evidenced by the increasing levels of suicide, violence, radicalisation and prison gangs among prisoners, as well as the imposition of long working hours and the high levels of absenteeism among prison staff.Conclusions: This study underscores an important and yet unarticulated phenomenon that despite being the fifth largest economy in the world, England’s poorest, marginalised and excluded population continues to bear the brunt of austerity. Reducing the prison population, using international obligations as minimum standards to protect prisoners’ right to health and providing greater resources would create a more positive and inclusive system, in line with England’s international and domestic commitments to the humane treatment of all people