Ammattilaisten osaaminen lapsinäkökulmaisessa riskinarvioinnissa vaativissa erotilanteissa

Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan lapsinäkökulmaista riskinarviointia vanhempien vaativissa erotilanteissa. Vaativilla eroilla tarkoitetaan vanhempien pitkittyneitä ja monimutkaistuneita ero- ja huoltoriitatilanteita. Vaativat erot kuormittavat palvelujärjestelmää, ja ammattilaiset tarvitsevat tietoa sekä keinoja perheiden auttamiseen. Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvittää, millaista ammatillista osaamista lapsinäkökulmainen riskien arviointi edellyttää ammattilaisilta vaativissa erotilanteissa. Tutkimukseen haastateltiin 13 ammattilaista, jotka kohtaavat työssään perheiden vaativia erotilanteita. Tuloksena muodostui kolme ammatillisen osaamisen ulottuvuutta: 1) ilmiöiden, niiden erojen ja vaikutusten tunnistaminen, 2) lapsikeskeinen tiedon analysoiminen ja lapsen tilanteen määrittely sekä 3) monialaisen professionaalisen tiedon rakentaminen. Tutkimus tuottaa uutta tietoa vaativiin eroihin liittyvästä lapsinäkökulmaisesta riskinarvioinnista sekä ammattilaisten osaamisen kehittämistarpeista, jotta jatkossa osataan paremmin arvioida riskejä ja auttaa perheitä

Transcriptional monitoring of steady state and effects of anaerobic phases in chemostat cultures of the filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei

BACKGROUND: Chemostat cultures are commonly used in production of cellular material for systems-wide biological studies. We have used the novel TRAC (transcript analysis with aid of affinity capture) method to study expression stability of approximately 30 process relevant marker genes in chemostat cultures of the filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei and its transformant expressing laccase from Melanocarpus albomyces. Transcriptional responses caused by transient oxygen deprivations and production of foreign protein were also studied in T. reesei by TRAC. RESULTS: In cultures with good steady states, the expression of the marker genes varied less than 20% on average between sequential samples for at least 5 or 6 residence times. However, in a number of T. reesei cultures continuous flow did not result in a good steady state. Perturbations to the steady state were always evident at the transcriptional level, even when they were not measurable as changes in biomass or product concentrations. Both unintentional and intentional perturbations of the steady state demonstrated that a number of genes involved in growth, protein production and secretion are sensitive markers for culture disturbances. Exposure to anaerobic conditions caused strong responses at the level of gene expression, but surprisingly the cultures could regain their previous steady state quickly, even after 3 h O(2 )depletion. The main effect of producing M. albomyces laccase was down-regulation of the native cellulases compared with the host strain. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the usefulness of transcriptional analysis by TRAC in ensuring the quality of chemostat cultures prior to costly and laborious genome-wide analysis. In addition TRAC was shown to be an efficient tool in studying gene expression dynamics in transient conditions

Terveystarkastuskäytännöt suomalaisessa työterveyshuollossa

Tutkimuksessa selvitettiin terveystarkastusten sisältöjä, käytettyjä ohjausmenetelmiä, vaikutuksia, terveystarkastusten merkitystä ja kehittämistarpeita. Tutkimusraportti on suunnattu työterveyshuollon ammattihenkilöille ja asiantuntijoille ajatusten herättäjäksi, omien toimintatapojen arvioimiseksi ja uusien, vaikuttavampien menetelmien ja toimintamallien kehittämiseksi

Physiological evaluation of the filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei in production processes by marker gene expression analysis

Peer reviewe

Correlation of gene expression and protein production rate - a system wide study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Growth rate is a major determinant of intracellular function. However its effects can only be properly dissected with technically demanding chemostat cultivations in which it can be controlled. Recent work on <it>Saccharomyces cerevisiae </it>chemostat cultivations provided the first analysis on genome wide effects of growth rate. In this work we study the filamentous fungus <it>Trichoderma reesei </it>(<it>Hypocrea jecorina</it>) that is an industrial protein production host known for its exceptional protein secretion capability. Interestingly, it exhibits a low growth rate protein production phenotype.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We have used transcriptomics and proteomics to study the effect of growth rate and cell density on protein production in chemostat cultivations of <it>T. reesei</it>. Use of chemostat allowed control of growth rate and exact estimation of the extracellular specific protein production rate (SPPR). We find that major biosynthetic activities are all negatively correlated with SPPR. We also find that expression of many genes of secreted proteins and secondary metabolism, as well as various lineage specific, mostly unknown genes are positively correlated with SPPR. Finally, we enumerate possible regulators and regulatory mechanisms, arising from the data, for this response.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Based on these results it appears that in low growth rate protein production energy is very efficiently used primarly for protein production. Also, we propose that flux through early glycolysis or the TCA cycle is a more fundamental determining factor than growth rate for low growth rate protein production and we propose a novel eukaryotic response to this i.e. the lineage specific response (LSR).</p

Indigenous intestinal microbiota and disease : different approaches to characterize the composition and products of the human microbiota

Väitöskirj

Liikenteen palvelutason määritelmiä, tekijöitä ja mittareita : esiselvitys : S13 Vaikutusten hallinnan tutkimus (VAHA)

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