The function of direct speech in Bacchylides' poetry: the case of ode 5 and ode 18

This paper is aimed at analysing Bacchylides’ narrative choices and the role played by and the effects of direct speech in two poems of his, namely ode 5 and ode 18. The use of direct speech in these odes allows the poet to achieve narrative effects that would be unthinkable by resorting only to an extradiegetic narrator and to pure narrative. The investigation of narrative structures can therefore help to understand in depth the aims of Bacchylides’ poetry and how he achieves them. The occasion and the aims of the two odes considered are different. Ode 5 is a victory ode: the insertion of the mythical narrative, with its pessimistic and subdued tone, is aimed at offsetting the excitement caused by a sports victory, which is a typical process of epinician poetry. Conversely, ode 18 is designed to celebrate a civic community, a glorification of Athens by celebrating its mythical founder and its youth filled with warlike ardour. In odes 5 and 18 a tragic effect is achieved, first and foremost, thanks to the poet’s masterly use of several narrative levels and in particular the narrative mode of mimesis adopted by resorting to direct speech. This mode highlights the gap of knowledge between characters on the one hand and the narrator and the audience on the other, thereby creating an effect of dramatic irony that reminds us of the best achievements of Attic tragedy

Operational Improvement of a Chiller to Reduce Water Usage in the Cooling of Turkey Cuts

Cleaner production is the application of an environmental strategy that seeks to integrate the production processes with products and services so as to reduce the risks to humans and the environment. This work gathers data from a study conducted in a slaughterhouse for birds in the production of Turkey leg quarters. An improvement opportunity was identified in the water consumption of the sanguine fluid removal process of the Turkey leg quarters with a particular technological chiller. The area of intervention was chosen because of its history of higher-than-expected water consumption in relation to the acceptable limit negotiated with the local Federal Inspection Service. The evaluated criteria were water flow per kilo of leg quarter and the structure of the adsorption equipment used in the industry. The results of these analyses were directly linked to water savings and changes in equipment, increasing knowledge about the implementation of cleaner production in the slaughterhouse industry, aligned to the continuous improvement of the process. The control of the water flow and the direct changes made in the chiller resulted in water savings of 83,435 L/week and 1,001,220 liters/year, based on the production of the slaughterhouse under study, in addition to savings of R$289.52 per week or R$72,959.04 per year

Qualitative study of ballistic capture at Mars via Lagrangian descriptors

Lagrangian descriptors reveal the dynamical skeleton governing transport mechanisms of a generic flow. In doing so, they unveil geometrical structures in the phase space that separate regions with different qualitative behavior. This work investigates to what extent Lagrangian descriptors provide information about non-Keplerian motion in Mars proximity, which is modeled under the planar elliptic restricted three-body problem. We propose a novel technique to reveal ballistic capture orbits extracting separatrices of the phase space highlighted by Lagrangian descriptor scalar fields. The Roberts' operator to approximate the gradient is used to detect the edges in the fields. Results demonstrate the chaos indicator ability to distinguish sets of initial conditions exhibiting different dynamics, including ballistic capture ones. Separatrices are validated against reference weak stability boundary derived on similar integration intervals. Compared to other techniques, Lagrangian descriptors provide dynamics insight bypassing the propagation of the variational equations.Comment: Post-print submitted to "Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation". EXTREMA - Engineering Extremely Rare Events in Astrodynamics for Deep-Space Missions in Autonomy, European Research Council (ERC), European Union (EU), Horizon 2020. The content of this document reflects only the author's view. ERC is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contain

Low-energy Earth–Moon transfers via Theory of Functional Connections and homotopy

Numerous missions leverage the weak stability boundary in the Earth–Moon–Sun system to achieve a safe and cost-effective access to the lunar environment. These transfers are envisaged to play a significant role in upcoming missions. This paper proposes a novel method to design low-energy transfers by combining the recent Theory of Functional Connections with a homotopic continuation approach. Planar patched transfer legs within the Earth–Moon and Sun–Earth systems are continued into higher-fidelity models. Eventually, the full Earth–Moon transfer is adjusted to conform to the dynamics of the planar Earth–Moon Sun-perturbed, bi-circular restricted four-body problem. The novelty lies in the avoidance of any propagation during the continuation process and final convergence. This formulation is beneficial when an extensive grid search is performed, automatically generating over 2000 low-energy transfers. Subsequently, these are optimized through a standard direct transcription and multiple shooting algorithm. This work illustrates that two-impulse low-energy transfers modeled in chaotic dynamic environments can be effectively formulated in Theory of Functional Connections, hence simplifying their overall design process. Moreover, its synergy with a homotopic continuation approach is demonstrated

Confluências com o melodrama dos circos-teatros

Confluências com o melodrama dos circos-teatro