Pitot-Pressure Measurements in Flow Fields Behind a Rectangular Nozzle with Exhaust Jet for Free-Stream Mach Numbers of 0.00, 0.60, and 1.20

An investigation has been conducted in the Langley 16-Foot Transonic Tunnel to measure the flow field in and around the jet exhaust from a nonaxisymmetric nozzle configuration. The nozzle had a rectangular exit with a width-to-height ratio of 2.38. Pitot-pressure measurements were made at five longitudinal locations downstream of the nozzle exit. The maximum distance downstream of the exit was about 5 nozzle heights. These measurements were made at free-stream Mach numbers of 0.00, 0.60, and 1.20 with the nozzle operating at a ratio of nozzle total pressure to free-stream static pressure of 4.0. The jet exhaust was simulated with high-pressure air that had an exit total temperature essentially equal to the free-stream total temperature

Effects of an in-flight thrust reverser on the stability and control characteristics of a single-engine fighter airplane model

The changes in thrust minus drag performance as well as longitudinal and directional stability and control characteristics of a single-engine jet aircraft attributable to an in-flight thrust reverser of the blocker-deflector door type were investigated in a 16-foot transonic wind tunnel. The longitudinal and directional stability data are presented. Test conditions simulated landing approach conditions as well as high speed maneuvering such as may be required for combat or steep descent from high altitude

Exercise rehabilitation for recovery from critical illness (Protocol)

Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK. As part of an ongoing research education programme.This is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows: The objective of this systematic review is to assess the effectiveness of exercise rehabilitation programmes, initiated after ICU discharge, on improving functional exercise capacity and quality of life in adult ICU survivors who have been mechanically ventilated for more than 24 hours. We will compare an exercise intervention to any other intervention or a control or 'usual care' programme. Exercise includes any structured or taught programmes. Respiratory or inspiratory muscle training is excluded due to it being initiated within the ICU environment, for example with weaning from a ventilator, and not as post-discharge rehabilitation as required for this review.sch_phyAngus 1997 Angus, DC. Understanding the incidence and long-term outcomes of ARDS. In: Gullo, A editor(s). Anaesthesia, pain, intensive care and emergency medicine: a scientific report. Berlin Heidelberg New York: Springer, 1997:289-98. Angus 2003 Angus DC, Carlet J, Brussels Roundtable 2002 Participants. Surviving intensive care: a report from the 2002 Brussels Roundtable. Intensive Care Medicine 2003;29(3):368-77. [PUBMED: 12536269 ] Baumgartner 1999 Baumgartner WA,Walinsky PL, Salazar JD, Tseng EE, Brock MV, Doty JR, et al.Assessing the impact of cerebral injury after cardiac surgery: will determining the mechanism reduce the injury?. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1999;67(6):1871-3. [PUBMED: 10391329] Brown 1990 Brown AB, McCartney N, Sale DG. Positive adaptation to weightlifting in the elderly. Journal of Applied Physiology 1990;69(5): 1725-33. [PUBMED: 2272965] Burtin 2009 Burtin C, Clerckx B, Robbeets C, Ferdinande P, Langer D, Troosters T, et al.Early exercise in critically ill patients enhances short-term functional recovery. Critical Care Medicine 2009;37(9): 2499-505. [PUBMED: 19623052] Chaboyer 2003 Chaboyer W, Grace J. Following the path of ICU survivors: a quality improvement activity. Nursing in Critical Care 2003;8(4): 149-55. [PUBMED: 12940690] Eddleston 2000 Eddleston J, White P, Guthrie E. Survival, morbidity, and quality of life after discharge from intensive care. Critical Care Medicine 2000; 28(7):2293-9. [PUBMED: 10921555] Elliott 2006 Elliott D, McKinley S, Alison J, Aitken L, King M. Study protocol: Home-based rehabilitation for survivors of a critical illness. Critical Care 2006;10(3):R90. [PUBMED: 16792792 ] Fiatarone 1994 Fiatarone MA, O'Neill EF, Ryan ND, Clements KM, Solares GR, Nelson ME, et al.Exercise training and nutritional supplementation for physical frailty in very elderly people. New England Journal of Medicine 1994;330(25):1769-75. [PUBMED: 8190152] Fletcher 2003 Fletcher S, Kennedy D, Ghosh I, Misra V, Kiff K, et al.Persistant neuromuscular and neurophysiological abnormalities in long-term survivors of prolonged critical illness. Critical Care Medicine 2003; 31(4):1012-6. [PUBMED: 12682465] Frank 2000 Frank M, Schlapfer H, Otte B, Yasikoff N, Conzelmann M. Results of neurorehabilitation. An outcome study 20 months after stroke. Praxis 2000;89(44):1799-808. [PUBMED: 11109917] Gill 2002 Gill TM, Baker DI, Gottschalk M, Peduzzi PN, Allore H, Byers A. A program to prevent functional decline in physically frail, elderly persons who live at home. New England Journal of Medicine 2002; 347(14):1068-74. [PUBMED: 12362007] Grimby 1986 Grimby G. Physical activity and muscle training in the elderly. Acta Medica Scandinavica. Supplementum. 1986;711:233-7. [PUBMED: 3535411] Guyatt 2008 Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Kunz R, Vist GE, Falck-Ytter Y, Schunemann HJ, et al.What is quality of evidence- and why is it important to clinicians?. BMJ 2008;336:995-8. [PUBMED: 18456631] Higgins 2008 Higgins JPT, Green S, editors. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.0.1 [updated September 2008]. Available from www.cochrane-handbook.org: The Cochrane Collaboration, 2008. Iversen 2003 Iversen MD, Fossel AH, Katz JN. Enhancing function in older adults with chronic low back pain: a pilot study of endurance training. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2003;84 (9):1324-31. [PUBMED: 13680569] Jolliffe 2001 Jolliffe J, Rees K, Taylor RRS, Thompson DR, Oldridge N, Ebrahim S. Exercise-based rehabilitation for coronary heart disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2001, Issue 1. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001800.] King 1998 King J, Crowe J. Mobilisation practices in Canadian critical care units. Physiotherapy Canada 1998;50(3):206-11. [MEDLINE: 0346574] Kouidi 2002 Kouidi E. Exercise training in dialysis patients: why, when, and how?. Artificial Organs 2002;26(12):1009-13. [PUBMED: 12460377] Krishnan 2002 Krishnan KR, Delong M, Kraemer H, Carney R, Spiegel D, Gordon C, et al.Comorbidity of depression with other medical diseases in the elderly. Biological Psychiatry 2002;52(6):559-88. [PUBMED: 12361669] Lavie 2009 Lavie CJ, Thomas RJ, Squires RW, Allison TG, Milani RV. Exercise training and cardiac rehabilitation in primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 2009; 84(4):373-83. [PUBMED: 19339657] Lewis 2003 Lewis M. Intensive care unit rehabilitation within the United Kingdom: a review. Physiotherapy 2003;89(9):531-8. [DOI: 10.1016/S0031-9406(05)60179-4] Martin 2005 Martin M, Salim A, Murray J, Demetriades D, Belzberg H, Rhee P. The decreasing incidence and mortality of acute respiratory distress syndrome after injury: a 5-year observational study. Journal of Trauma 2005;50(5):1107-13. [PUBMED: 16385287] Mazzeo 2001 Mazzeo RS, Tanaka H. Exercise prescription for the elderly: current recommendations. Sports Medicine 2001;31(11):809-18. [PUBMED: 11583105] Miller 2002 Miller MD, Crotty M, Giles LC, Bannerman E, Whitehead C, Cobiac L, et al.Corrected arm muscle area: an independent predictor of long-term mortality in community dwelling older adults?. Journal of the America Geriatrics Society 2002;50(7): 1272-7. [PUBMED: 12133024] Paffenbarger 1986 Paffenbarger RS, Hyde RT, Wing AL, Hseih CC. Physical activity, all-cause mortality, and longevity of college alumni. New England Journal of Medicine 1986;314(10):605-13. [PUBMED: 3945246] Puhan 2006 Puhan MA, Busching G, Schunemann HJ, VanOort E, Zaugg C, Frey M. Interval versus continuous high-intensity exercise in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized trial. Annals of Internal Medicine 2006;145(11):816-25. [PUBMED: 17146066] Rantanen 2000 Rantanen T, Harris T, Leveille SG, Visser M, Foley D, et al.Muscle strength and body mass index as long-term predictors of mortality in initially healthy men. Journal of Gerontology. Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 2000;55(3):M168-73. [PUBMED: 10795731] RevMan 5.0 The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration. Review Manager (RevMan). 5.0. Copenhagen: The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, 2008. Schweickert 2009 Schweickert WD, Pohlman MC, Pohlman AS, Nigos C, Pawlik AJ, Esbrook CL, et al.Early physical and occupational therapy in mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2009;373(epub):1874-82. [PUBMED: 19446324] Smith 2006 Smith TP, Kennedy SL, Smith M, Orent S, Fleshner M. Physiological improvements and health benefits during an exercisebased comprehensive rehabilitation program in medically complex patients. Exercise Immunology Review 2006;12:86-96. [PUBMED: 17201074] Stiller 2000 Stiller K. Physiotherapy in intensive care: toward an evidence-based practice. Chest 2000;118(6):1801-13. [PUBMED: 11115476] Storch 2008 Storch EK, Kruszynski DM. From rehabilitation to optimal function: role of clinical exercise therapy. Current Opinion in Critcal Care 2008;14(4):451-5. [PUBMED: 18614911] Wiles 2009 Wiles L, Stiller K. Passive limb movements for patients in an intensive care unit: A survey of physiotherapy practice in Australia. Journal of Critical Care 2009;epub:ahead of print. [PUBMED: 19819105] Yoshida 1999 Yoshida T, Kohzuki M, Yoshida K, Hiwatari M, Kamimoto M, Yamamoto C, et al.Physical and psychological improvements after phase II cardiac rehabilitation in patients with myocardial infarction. Nursing & Health Sciences 1999;1(3):163-70. [PUBMED: 10894639] Indicates the major publication for the study8pub1756pubArt.

A Study of Nonverbal Behaviors Used by Student Speech Clinicians

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences between high- and low-rated clinicians in the observed frequency of each of ten selected nonverbal behaviors. Student clinicians, who met certain criteria, were rated independently by two faculty members primarily responsible for supervision of clinicians. Based on these ratings, clinicians were ranked from high to low. The top thirty-three per cent and the lower thirty-three per cent of these clinicians served as the two groups of subjects for this study. The high-rated group was composed of eight clinicians and the low-rated group was composed of six clinicians for a total of fourteen subjects. Each subject was videotaped for three randomly-selected five- minute segments of the forty-minute therapy session. The experimenter then viewed these five-minute videotapings and counted the occurrence of each of the ten nonverbal behaviors under investigation. These behaviors were: smiles, positive and negative head nods, gestures, self-manipulation, positive and negative touch, posture changes, and forward leans. Data were analyzed using t-test and multiple correlation procedures. High-rated clinicians used significantly more of the nonverbal behaviors which serve as social reinforcers, and as signals in social interaction than did low-rated clinicians, and low-rated clinicians used more self-manipulation. Also, high correlations were found between some of the nonverbal behaviors and the criteria used to evaluate clinicians

'It all hinges around background doesn't it?' The experiences of pupils in grammar schools who are considered to be from disadvantaged backgrounds- a mixed methods study.

The present government suggests that grammar schools are a means of achieving upward social mobility (USM) for young people identified as both disadvantaged and high academic achievers (Gorard & Siddiqui, 2018). It appears keen on extending the current grammar school provision based upon this rationale, as evidenced by the creation of the Selective Schools Expansion Fund (DfE, 2018). Existing literature that examines adults who have experienced USM concludes that whilst conferring some benefits it can also result in psychological stress (Friedman, 2014, 2016, Manstead, 2018, Reay, Crozier & Clayton, 2009, 2010). Research thus far around grammar schools has focussed primarily upon whether those identified as disadvantaged have as much chance of attending as ‘non- disadvantaged’ peers, or upon the academic outcomes of attendance. Less has been explored concerning the first-person experiences of disadvantaged students who access grammar schools, and potentially experience USM. Using eligibility for free school meals (eFSM) as a proxy indicator for disadvantage, this research examined the experiences of 6 participants who were either past or present grammar school students who were eFSM. There were two phases of data collection, the first being the completion of a repertory grid (Kelly, 1956), and the second being an individualised semi- structured interview, informed by a Slater (1977) analysis of each participant’s grid. A thematic analysis was then conducted across the interview data of all participants. Five themes and their relationship to each other suggest that grammar schools may offer some benefits upon disadvantaged pupils who attend, such as increasing aspirations via exposure to other, more affluent peers. However, this may come at the price of accepting a stigmatising narrative concerning one’s own more modest background and result in behaviours that seek to conceal and hide this background, as students explore their identity at the boundary of two social fields. The findings raise ethical considerations regarding the potential cost of social mobility for some. Factors which may contribute to pupil resiliency as they navigate life between their home and school environments are also explored, and implications for EP practice at both the school level and at a policy level are considered