Impact on prostate cancer clinical presentation after non-screening policies at a tertiary-care medical center- a retrospective study

Background: In May 2012 the US Preventive Task Force issued a 'D' recommendation against routine PSA-based early detection of prostate cancer. This recommendation was implemented progressively in our health system. The aim of this study is to defne its impact on prostate cancer staging at a tertiary care institution. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed from 2012 until 2015 at a single center. We analyzed the total number of biopsies performed per year and the positive biopsy rate. For those patients with positive biopsies we recorded diagnostic PSA, clinical stage, ISUP grade group, nodal involvement and metastatic status at diagnosis. Results: A total of 1686 biopsies were analyzed. The positive biopsy rate increased from 25% in 2012 to 40% in 2015 (p<0.05). No change in median PSA was noticed (p=0.627). The biopsies detected higher ISUP grades (p=0.000). In addition, newly diagnosed prostate cancer presented a higher clinical stage (p=0.005), higher metastatic rates (p=0.03) and a tendency to higher lymph node involvement although not statistically signifcant (p=0.09). Conclusion: After the 2012 recommendation, patients presented a higher probability of a prostate cancer diagnosis, with a more adverse ISUP group, clinical stage and metastatic disease. These results should be taken into consideration to implement a risk adapted strategy for prostate cancer screening. Keywords: Prostate cancer, Prostate specifc antigen, Prostate cancer screenin

Internal structure of the Late Triassic Central Patagonian batholith at Gastre, southern Argentina: implications for pluton emplacement and the Gastre fault system

The Central Patagonian batholith (CPB) comprises two Late Triassic calcalkaline plutonic suites (the Gastre superunit of 221 ± 2 Ma and the Lipetrén superunit of 215 ± 1 Ma) which have been interpreted as a record of major dextral motion along the transcontinental NW-SE-striking subvertical Gastre fault system in Jurassic times. We performed a detailed study of the internal structure of the CPB through structural and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) techniques. The Gastre superunit reveals a very consistent pattern of NW-SE-striking steeply dipping magmatic foliations. Tectonic fabrics within the CPB are scarce and generally parallel to the magmatic fabrics. The magmatic and solid-state lineations within the CPB are steeply, intermediately, or shallowly plunging. The combination of flattened magmatic and solid-state fabrics with subvertical orientations and with steep to shallow lineations, together with the kinematic indicators in two mylonite belts with suspected CPB protoliths, suggests that the Gastre superunit was emplaced within a sinistral transpressive regime. The shallower stocks of the Lipetrén superunit are more isotropic and have magmatic fabrics associated with magma chamber dynamics. The deformation of the CPB is coaxial with the late Paleozoic deformation in the hosting Calcatapul Formation. The late Paleozoic deformation in the North Patagonian Massif generated widespread NW-SE subvertical fractures which could have aided the emplacement of the CPB. The internal structure of the CPB does not support a model of dextral strike-slip movements on major Jurassic faults.Contiene material suplementario.Facultad de Ciencias Exacta

Internal structure of the Late Triassic Central Patagonian batholith at Gastre, southern Argentina: implications for pluton emplacement and the Gastre fault system

The Central Patagonian batholith (CPB) comprises two Late Triassic calcalkaline plutonic suites (the Gastre superunit of 221 ± 2 Ma and the Lipetrén superunit of 215 ± 1 Ma) which have been interpreted as a record of major dextral motion along the transcontinental NW-SE-striking subvertical Gastre fault system in Jurassic times. We performed a detailed study of the internal structure of the CPB through structural and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) techniques. The Gastre superunit reveals a very consistent pattern of NW-SE-striking steeply dipping magmatic foliations. Tectonic fabrics within the CPB are scarce and generally parallel to the magmatic fabrics. The magmatic and solid-state lineations within the CPB are steeply, intermediately, or shallowly plunging. The combination of flattened magmatic and solid-state fabrics with subvertical orientations and with steep to shallow lineations, together with the kinematic indicators in two mylonite belts with suspected CPB protoliths, suggests that the Gastre superunit was emplaced within a sinistral transpressive regime. The shallower stocks of the Lipetrén superunit are more isotropic and have magmatic fabrics associated with magma chamber dynamics. The deformation of the CPB is coaxial with the late Paleozoic deformation in the hosting Calcatapul Formation. The late Paleozoic deformation in the North Patagonian Massif generated widespread NW-SE subvertical fractures which could have aided the emplacement of the CPB. The internal structure of the CPB does not support a model of dextral strike-slip movements on major Jurassic faults.Contiene material suplementario.Facultad de Ciencias Exacta

Long-term efficacy of BCG vaccination in goat herds with a high prevalence of tuberculosis

Vaccination of goats against tuberculosis (TB) has been promoted as an ancillary tool for controlling the disease in infected livestock herds. A three-year trial to assess the efficacy of BCG vaccine was carried out in five goat herds. At the beginning of the trial (month 0), all animals were tested for TB using thee different diagnostic tests. Animals negative to all tests were vaccinated with BCG and all replacement goat kids were also systematically vaccinated throughout the trial. All animals were tested by Interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) using vaccine compatible reagents at months 6, 12, 24, and 36. The risk factors for TB infection were also evaluated. At the end of the study, four out of five farms showed variable reductions of the initial prevalence (93.5%, 28.5%, 23.2%, and 14.3% respectively), and an overall incidence reduction of 50% was observed in BCG vaccinated goats, although adult vaccinated goats showed higher incidences than vaccinated goat kids. The unvaccinated positive animals remaining in herds and adult BCG vaccinated goats significantly enhanced the risk of infection in vaccinated animals. A systematic vaccination of goats with BCG, together with the removal of positive unvaccinated animals, may contribute to reducing the TB prevalence in goat herds.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Long-term efficacy of BCG vaccination in goat herds with a high prevalence of tuberculosis

Vaccination of goats against tuberculosis (TB) has been promoted as an ancillary tool for controlling the disease in infected livestock herds. A three-year trial to assess the efficacy of BCG vaccine was carried out in five goat herds. At the beginning of the trial (month 0), all animals were tested for TB using thee different diagnostic tests. Animals negative to all tests were vaccinated with BCG and all replacement goat kids were also systematically vaccinated throughout the trial. All animals were tested by Interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) using vaccine compatible reagents at months 6, 12, 24, and 36. The risk factors for TB infection were also evaluated. At the end of the study, four out of five farms showed variable reductions of the initial prevalence (93.5%, 28.5%, 23.2%, and 14.3% respectively), and an overall incidence reduction of 50% was observed in BCG vaccinated goats, although adult vaccinated goats showed higher incidences than vaccinated goat kids. The unvaccinated positive animals remaining in herds and adult BCG vaccinated goats significantly enhanced the risk of infection in vaccinated animals. A systematic vaccination of goats with BCG, together with the removal of positive unvaccinated animals, may contribute to reducing the TB prevalence in goat herds

Phylogenetic relationships investigation of Mycobacterium caprae strains from sympatric wild boar and goats based on whole genome sequencing

Tuberculosis (TB) in wildlife challenges epidemiological surveillance and disease control. An outbreak of TB was detected in a free‐ranging wild boar population of a Natural Park in Catalonia (Spain) and the outbreak investigation was conducted in the area. During the study period (2015–2020), 278 wild boars were analysed by gross pathology, histopathology, mycobacterial culture and DVR‐spoligotyping. In addition, all cattle (49) and goat (47) herds of the area were tested with tuberculin skin test. TB compatible lesions were detected in 21 wild boars, and Mycobacterium caprae was isolated in 17 of them with two different spoligotypes: SB0415 (13) and SB1908 (4). Only two goat herds showed TB positive animals that were subsequently slaughtered. M. caprae with the spoligotypes SB0416 and SB0415 were isolated from these animals. To investigate the phylogenetic relationships and the transmission chain of the outbreak, nine strains isolated from six wild boars and three goats of the study area were analysed by whole genome sequencing (WGS) followed by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis by maximum likelihood and median‐joining network inference methods. Results indicated that infected wild boars maintained M. caprae strains circulation in their own population and have likely transmitted the infection to goats, thus acting as TB reservoirs, compromising the success of livestock TB eradication campaigns and posing a risk for public health. The results also highlighted the usefulness of WGS followed by SNP analysis in providing relevant epidemiological information when detailed contact data are missing.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Evaluation of P22 antigenic complex for the immuno-diagnosis of Tuberculosis in BCG vaccinated and unvaccinated goats

Current eradication strategies of tuberculosis (TB) in goats mainly rely on the single intradermal tuberculin test (SIT) and single intradermal cervical comparative tuberculin tests (SICCTs). TB vaccination has been proposed as a cost-effective option in high-prevalence herds or countries where economic compensation for the slaughter of positive animals is not affordable. However, TB vaccination compromises the efficiency of tuberculin-based diagnostic tests. In this study, the performance of a new diagnostic platform, based on the P22 antigenic complex, was assessed for skin test (ST), interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA), and serology under different TB scenarios. The sensitivity (Se) of diagnostic tests was assessed in TB-infected goats from the same farm (herd A, N = 77). The specificity (Sp) was assessed in two TB-negative farms (both vaccinated against paratuberculosis): one TB unvaccinated (herd B, N = 77) and another vaccinated with bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) (herd C, N = 68). The single (s) P22-IGRA showed the highest Se among IGRA tests (91%), and the comparative (c) P22-ST showed the highest Sp (100% in herd B and 98% in herd C). Combined interpretation of techniques enabled the best diagnostic performances. Combining the SICCT + sP22-IGRA improved Se (97%) compared to SICCT + tuberculin-based IGRA (95%), with a reduction of Sp (95 and 100%, respectively). Besides, combination of P22-ELISA with cP22-ST or SICCT elicited a similar performance in the non-vaccination context (Se: 94 and 95%; Sp: 95 and 95%, respectively), but Sp was significantly higher for the combination with cP22-ST compared to SICCT in the TB vaccination context (95 and 79%, respectively). The combination of serological tests based on P22 and MPB83 showed higher complementarity and improved 13 percentage points the Se of P22-ELISA alone. These findings suggest that either cell-mediated or antibody-based diagnostic techniques, using the P22 antigen complex, can contribute to improve the immunodiagnostics of TB in goats under different TB control strategies.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Results and Lessons Learned on Robotic Assisted Kidney Transplantation

Introduction. Nowadays, minimally invasive surgery in kidney transplantation is a reality thanks to robotic assistance. In this paper, we describe our experience, how we developed the robotic assisted Kidney transplantation (RAKT) technique, and analyze our results. Material and Methods. This is a retrospective study of all RAKTs performed at our center between July 2015 and March 2020. We describe the donor selection, surgical technique, and analyze the surgical results and complications. A comparison between the first 20 cases and the following ones is performed. Results. During the aforementioned period, 82 living donor RAKTs were performed. The mean age was and 50 (61%) were male. Mean body mass index was and preemptive in 63.7% of cases. Right kidneys and multiple arteries were seen in 14.6% and 12.2%, respectively. Mean operative and rewarming time was and minutes, respectively. Five cases required conversion to open surgery because of abnormal kidney vascularization. Two patients required embolization for subcapsular and hypogastric artery bleeding without repercussion. Three kidneys were lost, two of them due to acute rejection and one because venous thrombosis. Late complications requiring surgery included one kidney artery stenosis, one ureteral stenosis, two lymphoceles, and three hernia repairs. We noticed a significant reduction in time between the first 20 cases and the following ones from to (). With a mean follow-up time of 1.8 years (SD 1.3), the mean creatinine was 1.52 (SD 0.7) and RAKT graft survival was 98%. Conclusions. The robotic approach is an attractive, minimally invasive method for kidney transplantation, yielding good results. Further studies are needed to consider it a standard approach

Internal structure of the Late Triassic Central Patagonian batholith at Gastre, southern Argentina: implications for pluton emplacement and the Gastre fault system

The Central Patagonian batholith (CPB) comprises two Late Triassic calcalkaline plutonic suites (the Gastre superunit of 221 ± 2 Ma and the Lipetrén superunit of 215 ± 1 Ma) which have been interpreted as a record of major dextral motion along the transcontinental NW-SE-striking subvertical Gastre fault system in Jurassic times. We performed a detailed study of the internal structure of the CPB through structural and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) techniques. The Gastre superunit reveals a very consistent pattern of NW-SE-striking steeply dipping magmatic foliations. Tectonic fabrics within the CPB are scarce and generally parallel to the magmatic fabrics. The magmatic and solid-state lineations within the CPB are steeply, intermediately, or shallowly plunging. The combination of flattened magmatic and solid-state fabrics with subvertical orientations and with steep to shallow lineations, together with the kinematic indicators in two mylonite belts with suspected CPB protoliths, suggests that the Gastre superunit was emplaced within a sinistral transpressive regime. The shallower stocks of the Lipetrén superunit are more isotropic and have magmatic fabrics associated with magma chamber dynamics. The deformation of the CPB is coaxial with the late Paleozoic deformation in the hosting Calcatapul Formation. The late Paleozoic deformation in the North Patagonian Massif generated widespread NW-SE subvertical fractures which could have aided the emplacement of the CPB. The internal structure of the CPB does not support a model of dextral strike-slip movements on major Jurassic faults.Contiene material suplementario.Facultad de Ciencias Exacta

Hyperfine characterization of tin-doped indium sesquioxide

The hyperfine interactions at In and Sn sites of In2O3∶Sn (ITO) were measured through time-differential perturbed angular correlations and Mossbauer spectroscopy, respectively. Polycrystalline samples prepared by co-precipitation with nominal 0.025, 1 and 5 at.% Sn were studied. They all showed the cubic bixbyite structure characteristic of In2O3 after annealings at 200 °C. The quadrupole interaction at In sites appears nearly independent of Sn concentration being the main result of the presence of Sn in the lattice, the gradual disappearence of the dynamic perturbation caused by after-effects. The Mossbauer data demonstrate that Sn ions are in a 4+ state with ΔQ=0.606 mm/s andδ=0.226 mm/s relative to SnO3Ca at room temperature.Facultad de Ciencias Exacta