N-Palmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine stabilizes liposomes in the presence of human serum: effect of lipidic composition and system characterization

AbstractLiposomes containing negatively-charged phospholipid, N-palmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine (NPPE) were examined for stability in the presence of human serum, using the release of the entrapped 5,6-carboxyfluorescein as an aqueous marker. Either small unilamellar vesicles (SUV) or large unilamellar vesicles (LUV) were used. Incorporation of NPPE into PC SUV decreases leakage in the presence of serum or phosphate-buffered saline, no strictly related to size increase observed and to the surface negative charge present. The stabilizing effect of NPPE and Chol were synergistic. Inhibition of destabilization induced by serum of PC/Chol liposomes was observed when NPPE concentrations were above 12 mol%. Change in the membrane fluidity or incorporation of a monosialoganglioside into liposomes do not significantly change the half-life of liposomes in the presence of a high NPPE concentration. Incorporation of NPPE into PC/Chol liposomes increases membrane rigidity which does not change after serum incubation. The presence of NPPE in liposomes decreases lipid transfer/exchange between liposomes and lipoproteins although the same amount of serum proteins were incorporated as in PC/Chol liposomes. As expected, these proteins are accessible to trypsin digestion. In accordance with these results, the liposome agglutination assay shows no steric barrier activity. As a whole, the results obtained in this paper suggest a complex mechanism for stabilization of NPPE containing liposomes in human serum

El cuerpo en las teorías psicológicas

Como estudiantes del máster de Danza Movimiento Terapia hemos realizado esta tesina, la cual tiene como propósito hacer un recorrido por las concepciones históricas hasta la actualidad del cuerpo como objeto de estudio la introducción de éste en las psicoterapias, análisis e intervención. Se presenta una descripción detallada de las terapias/modelos/técnicas psicocorporales que a nuestro parecer se consideran las más representativas. Surgen de nuestro interés por intentar esclarecer la tan diversa oferta de métodos psicocorporales, que hoy en día están en el punto de mira. Éstas están basadas en corrientes psicológicas y contemplan al individuo como una unidad mente-cuerpo. Con el objetivo de poder situar al lector y facilitarle la comprensión dentro de las terapias psicocorporales para que cualquiera pueda entender y tenga una aproximación de los distintos acercamientos al cuerpo desde un enfoque terapéutico se hicieron dos clasificaciones. En la primera se hizo un resumen de las terapias/modelos/técnicas para sintetizar la información, destacando sus puntos más relevantes. Además se clasificó la información según el modelo psicológico en el que está basado. La conclusión es que este tipo de abordaje tiene líneas difusas que hacen que sea difícil encuadrar sus bases, límites y aplicaciones.As students of the Master of Dance Movement Therapy we did this thesis, that presents a historical line of the conceptions of the body, through its introduction as an object of study in psychotherapy, analysis and intervention. A detailed description of psychotherapeutic therapies/models/techniques, which we consider the most representative ones. Our interest resides in trying to clarify the diverse range of psychotherapeutic methods, which today are in the spotlight. These are based on psychological models that foresee the individual as a mind-body unity. In order to focus the reader, provide understanding of these therapies and have an approximation of the different body approaches from a therapeutic perspective, we did two classifications. The first one is a summary of the therapies/models/techniques highlighting the most relevant concepts. Furthermore the information is classified according to the psychological model in which it is based. We concluded that it is difficult to determine the background of these types of approaches, limits and applications due to their similarities.Com estudiants del màster de Dansa Moviment Teràpia, hem realitzat aquesta tesina, la qual té com a objectiu fer un recorregut per les concepcions històriques fins a l'actualitat del cos, com a objecte d'estudi, i la introducció d'aquest en les psicoteràpies, anàlisi i intervenció. Es presenta una descripció detallada de les teràpies / models / tècniques psicocorporals que al nostre parer es consideren les més representatives. Aquestes sorgeixen del nostre interès per intentar aclarir la tan diversa oferta de mètodes psicocorporals, que avui dia estan en el punt de mira. Estan basades en corrents psicològiques i contemplen l'individu com una unitat ment-cos. Amb l'objectiu de poder situar el lector i facilitar-li la comprensió dins de les teràpies psicocorporals per tal que qualsevol pugui entendre i tingui una aproximació dels diferents apropaments al cos des d'un enfocament terapèutic, es van fer dues classificacions. En la primera es va fer un resum de les teràpies/models/tècniques per sintetitzar la informació, destacant els seus punts més rellevants. A més es va classificar la informació segons el model psicològic en el qual està basat. La conclusió és que aquests tipus d'abordatges tenen línies difuses que fan que sigui difícil enquadrar les seves bases, límits i aplicacions

Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to <90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], >300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of <15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P<0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years

Aspectes de coordinació dels continguts gramaticals

Documento en formato electrónico (PDF). Resumen tomado parcialmente de la propia innovaciónSe revisa el currículum de los departamentos de lengua castellana y de lengua catalana y se propone un currículum integrado de ambas lenguas para la educación secundaria obligatoria. Se prestó especial atención a los contenidos morfosintácticos. Se presentan los contenidos consensuados para cada curso escolar. Se detallan los acuerdos adoptados en relación con la práctica docente, los criterios de puntuación y corrección y los mínimos exigibles por curso y por nivel.Govern de les Illes Balears. Conselleria d'Educació i CulturaBalearesES

The INTERPRET Decision-Support System version 3.0 for evaluation of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy data from human brain tumours and other abnormal brain masses

Background: Proton Magnetic Resonance (MR) Spectroscopy (MRS) is a widely available technique for those clinical centres equipped with MR scanners. Unlike the rest of MR-based techniques, MRS yields not images but spectra of metabolites in the tissues. In pathological situations, the MRS profile changes and this has been particularly described for brain tumours. However, radiologists are frequently not familiar to the interpretation of MRS data and for this reason, the usefulness of decision-support systems (DSS) in MRS data analysis has been explored. Results: This work presents the INTERPRET DSS version 3.0, analysing the improvements made from its first release in 2002. Version 3.0 is aimed to be a program that 1st, can be easily used with acted to help in the categorisation of MR Spectra from abnormal brain masses

El cuerpo en las teorías psicológicas

Como estudiantes del máster de Danza Movimiento Terapia hemos realizado esta tesina, la cual tiene como propósito hacer un recorrido por las concepciones históricas hasta la actualidad del cuerpo como objeto de estudio la introducción de éste en las psicoterapias, análisis e intervención. Se presenta una descripción detallada de las terapias/modelos/técnicas psicocorporales que a nuestro parecer se consideran las más representativas. Surgen de nuestro interés por intentar esclarecer la tan diversa oferta de métodos psicocorporales, que hoy en día están en el punto de mira. Éstas están basadas en corrientes psicológicas y contemplan al individuo como una unidad mente-cuerpo. Con el objetivo de poder situar al lector y facilitarle la comprensión dentro de las terapias psicocorporales para que cualquiera pueda entender y tenga una aproximación de los distintos acercamientos al cuerpo desde un enfoque terapéutico se hicieron dos clasificaciones. En la primera se hizo un resumen de las terapias/modelos/técnicas para sintetizar la información, destacando sus puntos más relevantes. Además se clasificó la información según el modelo psicológico en el que está basado. La conclusión es que este tipo de abordaje tiene líneas difusas que hacen que sea difícil encuadrar sus bases, límites y aplicaciones.As students of the Master of Dance Movement Therapy we did this thesis, that presents a historical line of the conceptions of the body, through its introduction as an object of study in psychotherapy, analysis and intervention. A detailed description of psychotherapeutic therapies/models/techniques, which we consider the most representative ones. Our interest resides in trying to clarify the diverse range of psychotherapeutic methods, which today are in the spotlight. These are based on psychological models that foresee the individual as a mind-body unity. In order to focus the reader, provide understanding of these therapies and have an approximation of the different body approaches from a therapeutic perspective, we did two classifications. The first one is a summary of the therapies/models/techniques highlighting the most relevant concepts. Furthermore the information is classified according to the psychological model in which it is based. We concluded that it is difficult to determine the background of these types of approaches, limits and applications due to their similarities.Com estudiants del màster de Dansa Moviment Teràpia, hem realitzat aquesta tesina, la qual té com a objectiu fer un recorregut per les concepcions històriques fins a l'actualitat del cos, com a objecte d'estudi, i la introducció d'aquest en les psicoteràpies, anàlisi i intervenció. Es presenta una descripció detallada de les teràpies / models / tècniques psicocorporals que al nostre parer es consideren les més representatives. Aquestes sorgeixen del nostre interès per intentar aclarir la tan diversa oferta de mètodes psicocorporals, que avui dia estan en el punt de mira. Estan basades en corrents psicològiques i contemplen l'individu com una unitat ment-cos. Amb l'objectiu de poder situar el lector i facilitar-li la comprensió dins de les teràpies psicocorporals per tal que qualsevol pugui entendre i tingui una aproximació dels diferents apropaments al cos des d'un enfocament terapèutic, es van fer dues classificacions. En la primera es va fer un resum de les teràpies/models/tècniques per sintetitzar la informació, destacant els seus punts més rellevants. A més es va classificar la informació segons el model psicològic en el qual està basat. La conclusió és que aquests tipus d'abordatges tenen línies difuses que fan que sigui difícil enquadrar les seves bases, límits i aplicacions

IV Premio Nacional Educación para el Desarrollo "Vicente Ferrer" 2012 : buenas prácticas

La Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID) junto con el Ministerio de Educación convoca anualmente los premios de educación para el desarrollo que están dirigidos a todos los centros docentes españoles sostenidos con fondos públicos que impartan educación infantil, educación primaria, educación secundaria obligatoria, bachillerato y formación profesional. Se recogen las buenas prácticas de los docentes premiados en esta segunda edición. Docentes que en el ejercicio de su función educadora han convertido el proceso educativo en un proceso dinámico e interactivo que permite al alumnado desarrollar un conocimiento crítico de nuestro mundo. Profesores y profesoras que han estimulado la participación del alumnado en la construcción de estructuras sociales más justas y solidarias, y han promovido actuaciones basadas en el principio de la corresponsabilidad de todos los actores implicados.ES

Effect of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Stroke and Atrial Fibrillation in Diabetic Kidney Disease: Results From the CREDENCE Trial and Meta-Analysis

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Chronic kidney disease with reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate or elevated albuminuria increases risk for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. This study assessed the effects of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) on stroke and atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF/AFL) from CREDENCE (Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes With Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation) and a meta-analysis of large cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) of SGLT2i in type 2 diabetes mellitus.METHODS: CREDENCE randomized 4401 participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease to canagliflozin or placebo. Post hoc, we estimated effects on fatal or nonfatal stroke, stroke subtypes, and intermediate markers of stroke risk including AF/AFL. Stroke and AF/AFL data from 3 other completed large CVOTs and CREDENCE were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis.RESULTS: In CREDENCE, 142 participants experienced a stroke during follow-up (10.9/1000 patient-years with canagliflozin, 14.2/1000 patient-years with placebo; hazard ratio [HR], 0.77 [95% CI, 0.55-1.08]). Effects by stroke subtypes were: ischemic (HR, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.61-1.28]; n=111), hemorrhagic (HR, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.19-1.32]; n=18), and undetermined (HR, 0.54 [95% CI, 0.20-1.46]; n=17). There was no clear effect on AF/AFL (HR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.53-1.10]; n=115). The overall effects in the 4 CVOTs combined were: total stroke (HRpooled, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.82-1.12]), ischemic stroke (HRpooled, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.89-1.14]), hemorrhagic stroke (HRpooled, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.30-0.83]), undetermined stroke (HRpooled, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.49-1.51]), and AF/AFL (HRpooled, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.71-0.93]). There was evidence that SGLT2i effects on total stroke varied by baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (P=0.01), with protection in the lowest estimated glomerular filtration rate (<45 mL/min/1.73 m2]) subgroup (HRpooled, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.31-0.79]).CONCLUSIONS: Although we found no clear effect of SGLT2i on total stroke in CREDENCE or across trials combined, there was some evidence of benefit in preventing hemorrhagic stroke and AF/AFL, as well as total stroke for those with lowest estimated glomerular filtration rate. Future research should focus on confirming these data and exploring potential mechanisms. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT02065791

Kidney and Cardiovascular Effects of Canagliflozin According to Age and Sex: A Post Hoc Analysis of the CREDENCE Randomized Clinical Trial

Rationale & Objective: It is unclear whether the effect of canagliflozin on adverse kidney and cardiovascular events in those with diabetic kid-ney disease varies by age and sex. We assessed the effects of canagliflozin among age group categories and between sexes in the Canagli-flozin and Renal Endpoints in Diabetes with Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation (CREDENCE) study.Study Design: Secondary analysis of a random-ized controlled trial. Setting & Participants: Participants in the CREDENCE trial. Intervention: Participants were randomly assigned to receive canagliflozin 100 mg/d or placebo.Outcomes: Primary composite outcome of kid-ney failure, doubling of serum creatinine con-centration, or death due to kidney or cardiovascular disease. Prespecified secondary and safety outcomes were also analyzed. Out-comes were evaluated by age at baseline (<60, 60-69, and >_70 years) and sex in the intention-to-treat population using Cox regression models.Results: The mean age of the cohort was 63.0 & PLUSMN; 9.2 years, and 34% were female. Older age and female sex were independently associ-ated with a lower risk of the composite of adverse kidney outcomes. There was no evidence that the effect of canagliflozin on the primary outcome (acomposite of kidney failure, a doubling of serum creatinine concentration, or death from kidney or cardiovascular causes) differed between age groups (HRs, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.52-0.87], 0.63 [0.4 8-0.82], and 0.89 [0.61-1.29] for ages <60, 60-69, and >_70 years, respectively; P = 0.3 for interaction) or sexes (HRs, 0.71 [95% CI, 0.5 4-0.95] and 0.69 [0.56-0.8 4] in women and men, respectively; P = 0.8 for interaction). No differences in safety outcomes by age group or sex were observed.Limitations: This was a post hoc analysis with multiple comparisons.Conclusions: Canagliflozin consistently reduced the relative risk of kidney events in people with diabetic kidney disease in both sexes and across age subgroups. As a result of greater background risk, the absolute reduction in adverse kidney outcomes was greater in younger participants.Funding: This post hoc analysis of the CREDENCE trial was not funded. The CREDENCE study was sponsored by Janssen Research and Development and was conducted collaboratively by the sponsor, an academic-led steering committee, and an academic research organization, George Clinical.Trial Registration: The original CREDENCE trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with study number NCT02065791