Estimation of suspended sediment concentration by acoustic equations for soil sediment

The acoustic backscattering systems, ABS, for sediment measurement are based on the determining of the backscattering and attenuation properties of the particles in suspension. The relevant acoustic quantities are the form function, f, which describes the backscattering characteristics, and thenormalized total scattering cross-section, , which describes the attenuating characteristics of the particles in suspension. Formulations are required for these parameters of suspension sediment particles with size and acoustic frequency. Several studies have been conducted to determine theconcentration of sediments such as glass spheres or sand. However, the acoustic properties of natural sediments vary and depend on many parameters such as particle size, shape, mineralogy and distribution of those parameters in sample. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the possibility of soil sediment concentration with the f and equations, which were obtained for glass spheres and sandy sediments under laboratory and river conditions. The results show that theacoustic method, especially with glass scattering equation, works fairly well to calculate soil sediment for low concentration range at laboratory and river conditions

Consumer Decision-Making on Golf Equipment: Impact of Emerging Strategic Organizational Goals and Supply Chain Intricacies

The game of golf is incredibly historic and enjoyed by many people from numerous different age groups across many parts of the world. The research involving the game of golf is often limited to the topics of golf club engineering and injury prevention within the game. The consumer decision-making process for golf equipment has been primarily under-researched. This study explores the consumer decision-making process involving golf equipment and provides propositions to achieve strategic organizational goals. Propositions are made concerning supply chain intricacies containing the inclusion of personalization and customization and including women\u27s equipment displayed in marketing activities. There is room for further research regarding the consumer decision-making process for golf equipment, such as golf clubs and clothing, and encouraged empirical studies comparing multiple consumer demographics such as age, gender, and location. The marketing aspect of the game of golf is a promising endeavor for the growth and advancement of golf equipment manufacturers, specifically as the consumer decision-making process for this industry is further discovered

Western ideas percolating into Ottoman minds

The dissertation examines late Ottoman intellectual history from the perspective of its confrontation with Western ideas through translations in the Ottoman capital Istanbul, and in a leading intellectual centre of the Ottoman Empire, namely Cairo. It consists of three chapters. The first chapter surveys the history of translation activity in the Ottoman Empire from its beginning to the nineteenth century and, particularly, focuses on the nineteenth century translation movement. The second chapter takes the Arabic and Turkish translations of Fénelon’s Les aventures de Télémaque as a case study and attempts to analyse the transmission of certain intellectual concepts through translations; while the third chapter concentrates on the reception of new ideas presented in the translations of the Télémaque and their impact on the process of reform.LEI Universiteit LeidenMiddle Eastern Studie

Nutrient and fluid requirements in post-bariatric patients performing physical activity: A systematic review.

OBJECTIVES The evidence for the benefits of physical activity in post-bariatric patients is growing. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether nutritional regimens should be adapted to physical activity levels. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize current evidence regarding nutrient and fluid requirements in physically active post-bariatric patients. METHODS We conducted this systematic review according to the PRISMA guidelines. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for studies assessing nutritional aspects in physically active post-bariatric patients. Data were extracted based on a predefined, standardized form, and assessed for risk of bias. RESULTS Of 582 records, 8 studies were included, mostly implementing general fitness programs (30-60 min/d, 3-4 × /wk). There is no evidence for increased energy requirements in physically active post-bariatric patients. None of the studies determined energy, fat, or carbohydrate requirements. Most studies focused on protein, recommending a minimum intake of 60 g/d to preserve or increase muscle mass (upper limit 1.5 g protein/kg ideal body weight/d). Higher protein intake (108 g/d, thereof 48 g whey protein) combined with physical activity increased muscle strength. The effects of physical activity on micronutrient requirements remain unstudied, whereas fluid requirements appear to be increased. CONCLUSION The present findings strengthen the importance of adequate protein intake in physically active post-bariatric patients. Nutrient reference values for physically active post-bariatric patients are not definable based on the current evidence. Consequently, clinicians should pay special attention to the monitoring of macro- and micronutrients and fluid balance, especially when post-bariatric patients engage in high levels of physical activity

A rat model for the immune response to the intrauterine administration of BCG

This study was designed to investigate the changes in the numbers of lymphocytes, macrophages and plasma cells in the uterus and ileocecal lymph nodes of rats exposed to the intrauterine administration of Baeillus-Calmette Guerin (BCG). Thirty female Wistar Albino rats, age 6 months and weighing between 200-250 g, were assigned to the two experimental groups BCG treated and controls (n = 15). The intrauterine BCG injections were made using laparatomy in the diestrous cycle under Rompun and Ketalar anesthesia. 0.1 ml BCG were injected for each into cornu uteri while the control group received 0.1 ml sterile saline in the same place. Two weeks later, the rats in both groups were anesthetized with ether and decapitated. Uterus and ileocecal lymph nodes were processed to determine alpha naphthyl acid esterase (ANAE) - positive T lymphocytes and macrophages. The plasma cells were stained with the methyl green-pyronin method; It was found that the numbers of lymphocytes macrophages and plasma cells on the uterus increased (P<0.01) in BCG treated rats. In addition, the number of these cells also increased in the ileoeeeal lymph nodes indicating the presence of an immune response to the intrauterine BCG administration, It is concluded that although the rat was chosen as a model and ECG was given by the process of laparatomy in this study, intracervical administration of BCG tn the uterus should be studied clinically in cases of immune deficiency disorders related to the uterus. such as endometritis, myometritis, pyometra, endometriosis. infertility and implantation problems of domestic animals, to see if there is an increase in the immune response

Social Ball: An immersive research paradigm to study social ostracism

We introduce “Social Ball,” a new research paradigm to study ostracism via an online ball tossing game based on Cyberball (Williams & Jarvis, 2006) designed with both researchers and participants in mind. For researchers, the game incorporates a variety of features which are easily accessible from the software’s interface. Some of these features have already been studied with Cyberball (e.g., tossing different objects) but some are novel (e.g., end-game communication or hand-waving during the game). From the participants’ perspective, the game was designed to be more visually and socially immersive to create a more video-game- like online environment. We discuss two previous implementations. Study 1 showed that Social Ball successfully induced need threat and negative affect among ostracized (vs included) participants (n = 247). Study 2 empirically demonstrated how a new feature of the game (i.e., hand-waving) can be used to answer various questions. The results suggested that people waved their hands to varying degrees yet the frequency of which was not associated with post game need satisfaction (n = 2578). Besides describing the features of the game, we also provide a configuration manual and an annotated R code (both as online supplementary materials) to make the paradigm and associated analyses more accessible, and in turn, to stimulate further research. In our discussion, we elaborate on the various ways in which Social Ball can contribute to the understanding of belonging and ostracism

Optimising a nonlinear utility function in multi-objective integer programming

In this paper we develop an algorithm to optimise a nonlinear utility function of multiple objectives over the integer efficient set. Our approach is based on identifying and updating bounds on the individual objectives as well as the optimal utility value. This is done using already known solutions, linear programming relaxations, utility function inversion, and integer programming. We develop a general optimisation algorithm for use with k objectives, and we illustrate our approach using a tri-objective integer programming problem.Comment: 11 pages, 2 tables; v3: minor revisions, to appear in Journal of Global Optimizatio