Characterization of newly isolated lytic bacteriophages active against Acinetobacter baumannii

Based on genotyping and host range, two newly isolated lytic bacteriophages, myovirus vB_AbaM_Acibel004 and podovirus vB_AbaP_Acibel007, active against Acinetobacter baumannii clinical strains, were selected from a new phage library for further characterization. The complete genomes of the two phages were analyzed. Both phages are characterized by broad host range and essential features of potential therapeutic phages, such as short latent period (27 and 21 min, respectively), high burst size (125 and 145, respectively), stability of activity in liquid culture and low frequency of occurrence of phage-resistant mutant bacterial cells. Genomic analysis showed that while Acibel004 represents a novel bacteriophage with resemblance to some unclassified Pseudomonas aeruginosa phages, Acibel007 belongs to the well-characterized genus of the Phikmvlikevirus. The newly isolated phages can serve as potential candidates for phage cocktails to control A. baumannii infections

Malignant tumors of the eye and adnexa, morbidity and mortality (population-based study)

For the first time in Russia there are presented data on dynamics of morbidity and mortality from malignant tumors of the eye and adnexa (С69). there were demonstrated details of prevalence by age groups of patients, provided characteristics of dynamics of the levels of morphological verification and distribution of patients by stages of tumor process

Selection and characterization of a candidate therapeutic bacteriophage that lyses the Escherichia coli O104:H4 strain from the 2011 outbreak in Germany

In 2011, a novel strain of O104:H4 Escherichia coli caused a serious outbreak of foodborne hemolytic uremic syndrome and bloody diarrhea in Germany. Antibiotics were of questionable use and 54 deaths occurred. Candidate therapeutic bacteriophages that efficiently lyse the E. coli O104:H4 outbreak strain could be selected rather easily from a phage bank or isolated from the environment. It is argued that phage therapy should be more considered as a potential armament against the growing threat of (resistant) bacterial infection

The phage therapy paradigm: prêt-à-porter or sur-mesure?

The present opinion is the result of discussions on the future of phage therapy (personalized or large-scale uniform therapy?) during the first International Congress on Viruses of Microbes, held at the Institut Pasteur in Paris on June 21–25, 2010

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Adaptation to Lungs of Cystic Fibrosis Patients Leads to Lowered Resistance to Phage and Protist Enemies

Pathogenic life styles can lead to highly specialized interactions with host species, potentially resulting in fitness trade-offs in other ecological contexts. Here we studied how adaptation of the environmentally transmitted bacterial pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, to cystic fibrosis (CF) patients affects its survival in the presence of natural phage (14/1, ΦKZ, PNM and PT7) and protist (Tetrahymena thermophila and Acanthamoebae polyphaga) enemies. We found that most of the bacteria isolated from relatively recently intermittently colonised patients (1-25 months), were innately phage-resistant and highly toxic for protists. In contrast, bacteria isolated from long time chronically infected patients (2-23 years), were less efficient in both resisting phages and killing protists. Moreover, chronic isolates showed reduced killing of wax moth larvae (Galleria mellonella) probably due to weaker in vitro growth and protease expression. These results suggest that P. aeruginosa long-term adaptation to CF-lungs could trade off with its survival in aquatic environmental reservoirs in the presence of microbial enemies, while lowered virulence could reduce pathogen opportunities to infect insect vectors; factors that are both likely to result in poorer environmental transmission. From an applied perspective, phage therapy could be useful against chronic P. aeruginosa lung infections that are often characterized by multidrug resistance: chronic isolates were least resistant to phages and their poor growth will likely slow down the emergence of beneficial resistance mutations

Состояние онкологической помощи в России: рак тонкого кишечника (С17). Выживаемость больных, медиана выживаемости, выживаемость больных с учетом локализационной, гистологической структуры и стадии заболевания. (Популяционное исследование на уровне федерального округа). Часть II

Background. Small intestine cancer is extremely rare cancer worldwide with an incidence of less than 1.0 per 100,000 population. In 2020, 1,711 cases of small intestine cancer were recorded in Russia, including 781 cases among the male population, and 930 among the female population. It should be noted that in Russia, despite the decrease in the total number of new cancer cases associated with the coronavirus epidemic, the number of patients with small intestine cancer increased by 4.14 % from 2019 to 2020. In the Northwestern Federal district of the Russian Federation, 216 patients with newly diagnosed small intestine cancer were registered in 2020, (29 more patients than in the previous year). The purpose of the study was to analyze the efficiency of small intestine cancer care provision based on of the database of the population cancer Registry (db pcr) of the Northwestern Federal district of the Russian Federation, with an assessment of one- and five-year survival rates. Material and methods. To calculate the survival rates for patients with small intestine cancer, we selected 1922 patients from the database of the pcr of the Northwestern Federal district of the Russian Federation, for the period from 2000 to 2018. Standard methods for calculating survival rates according to the eurocare program were used. Results. The one-year survival rate of small intestine cancer patients increased from 50.0 % to 61.1 % from 2000 to 2018, and the five-year survival rate remained almost unchanged. The relative one-year survival rate of patients was 2.0 % higher. The five-year survival rate for five-year cohorts indicates defects in staging of small intestine cancer rather than an improvement in patient care; although this rate increased from 31.5 to 32.9 %. The histological detail of small intestine cancer according to the icd-10 was investigated. Conclusion. The study confirmed the high mortality rates and modest survival benefits in survival rates in patients with small intestine cancer. Defects in the distribution of patients by disease stages were revealed. The most common histological types of small intestine cancer with calculations of patient survival were identified.Актуальность. Рак тонкого кишечника (РТК) среди населения различных стран мира, в том числе и в России, встречается редко – 1 случай на 100 000 населения. В 2020 г. в России учтено 1 711 случаев РТК, в том числе 781 среди мужского населения и 930 среди женского. Важно отметить, что, несмотря на снижение общего числа зарегистрированных в России новых случаев злокачественных новообразований (ЗНО), связанных с эпидемией коронавируса, число больных РТК с 2019 по 2020 г. возросло на 68 случаев, или на 4,14 %. В СЗФО РФ в 2020 г. было учтено 216 первичных больных РТК, т.е. на 29 больных больше, чем в предыдущем. Цель исследования – впервые в России изучить эффективность деятельности онкологической службы относительно РТК на основе созданной базы данных Популяционного ракового регистра (БД ПРР) СЗФО РФ с расчетами показателей однолетней и пятилетней выживаемости. Материал и методы. Для расчета показателей выживаемости больных РТК мы отобрали из базы данных ПРР СЗФО РФ 1 922 больных, учтенных за период с 2000 по 2018 г. Использованы стандартные методы расчета выживаемости по программе eurocare. Результаты. Уровень 1-летней выживаемости больных с 2000 по 2018 г. возрос с 50,0 до 61,1 %, пятилетняя выживаемость практически не изменилась. Относительная 1-летняя выживаемость больных была на 2,0 % выше. Пятилетняя выживаемость по пятилетним когортам свидетельствует в большей мере о дефектах установления стадии заболевания больных РТК, чем об улучшении лечения больных, хотя этот показатель возрос с 31,5 до 32,9 %, улучшение показателя происходит крайне медленно. Исследована детальная структура РТК по четвертому знаку МКБ-10. Заключение. Проведенное исследование редкой локализации ЗНО – РТК подтвердило высокий уровень летальности больных данной группы ЗНО, скромные успехи динамики показателей выживаемости больных. Выявлены дефекты в распределении больных по стадиям заболевания, отмечены успехи в регистрации данной группы редких локализаций ЗНО, определены ведущие гистотипы опухолей с расчетами выживаемости больных