Offshore aquaculture as climate change adaptation in coastal areas: sea surface temperature trends in the Western Mediterranean Sea

The warming of the Mediterranean Sea surface is currently estimated to have been 0.4°C per decade for the period 1985-2006, and the increase in water temperature may have negatively affected marine aquaculture, e.g. by decreasing productivity. Development of aquaculture without adequate planning can lead to unsustainable economic feasibility due to future climate stressors. In this sense, offshore mariculture could be an alternative for mitigating the effect of coastal warming. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the suitability of the coastline in terms of global warming and sea surface temperature trends in locations where fish aquaculture is currently being developed, as well as the spatial changes of thermal anomalies up to 30 km from the coast, during the last 31 yr in the western Mediterranean (Spanish coast). This study was conducted using EU Copernicus Marine Service Information, covering the period 1981-2018, with a spatial resolution of 4 × 4 km. The results show that, over the last decade, the Mediterranean coastal environment off the Iberian Peninsula has experienced an increase in temperature of around 1ºC due to global change, with a clear latitudinal pattern modified by mesoscale oceanographic processes. The development of offshore aquaculture at some latitudes mitigates the extreme aestival effects on surface water temperatures. Strategic plans for aquaculture development should be able to forecast and incorporate future climate projections and local oceanographic conditions, and offshore aquaculture may provide an alternative in some regions, depending on local oceanographic conditions

Influence of sexual sensation seeking, sexual compulsivity and sexual pleasure in condom use among Spanish youth: implications for HIV interventions

Spain is one of the countries with the highest incidence of HIV within the European Union. Multiple and complex factors influence HIV infection in young people. This study aims to determine the influence of sexual sensation seeking, sexual compulsivity and perceived sexual pleasure variables in condom use. A total of 424 heterosexual youth were evaluated (M age = 20.62; SD = 2.62) distributed into a risk group (60.7%) and a no-risk group (39.3%). Sexual Sensation Seeking Scale, AIDS Prevention Questionnaire, Sexual Compulsivity Scale, and Sexual Pleasure Perceived Scale were administered. Results indicate statistically significant differences in sexual sensation seeking (p=.001), failure to control sexual impulses (p=.030), perceived sexual pleasure with a condom (p=.027) and without a condom (p=.001). The regression analysis revealed that three factors explained about 14% of the variance in condom use: sexual sensation seeking and sexual pleasure perceived without a condom (risk factors), and sexual pleasure perceived with a condom (protective factor). It is necessary to incorporate these variables into HIV prevention programs to reduce the number of infections in young people

Conductas de riesgo y actitudes relacionadas con la infección por VIH/SIDA en HSH

El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar las conductas sexuales de riesgo y las actitudes para la infección por VIH/SIDA en hombres que tienen sexo con otros hombres (HSH). Se administró la Encuesta Sobre SIDA (Ballester, Gil, y Giménez, 2007) a 202 hombres, 168 homosexuales y 34 bisexuales con edades comprendidas entre 14 y 57 años. Los resultados muestran un alta confianza en el preservativo como método de prevención del VIH (el 75.7% considera que es muy eficaz y el 28.1% muy eficaz); no obstante, el uso sistemático del preservativo es moderado tanto en el coito anal (54.6%) como en el coito vaginal (49.1%) y muy bajo en el sexo oral (6.2%). Hay una baja probabilidad percibida (20.3%) y un miedo moderado (41.3%) de infectarse con VIH. El 20.3% afirman haber consumido alcohol en la última relación sexual mientras que el 5.4% refieren otras drogas. Estos resultados deben tenerse en cuenta en la elaboración de programas de prevención.The aim of this investigation is to analyze sexual risk behaviors and attitudes for HIV/AIDS infection of MSM. The ENSI was administrated to 202 men, 168 homosexuals and 24 bisexuals, from 14 to 57 years. The results show a high confidence in condoms as a method of HIV prevention (75.7% very effective and 28.1% effective); however the systematic use of a condom is moderate in anal intercourse (54.64%) and in vaginal intercourse (49.05%) and very low in oral sex (6.22%). There is a low perceived probability (20.28%) and moderate fear (41.25%) become infected with HIV. 20.3% report having drunk alcohol in the last relationship and 5.4% say other drugs. These results should be considered in the development of prevention programs.peerReviewe

Sexual sensation seeking in spanish Young men and women with diferent sexual orientation

This study analyzes the relation of sexual orientation and gender to sexual sensation seeking. Participants were 382 individuals (200 men, 182 women) between 17 and 29 years old who completed the Sexual Sensation Seeking Scale. Of the 382 participants, 52.46% self-reported heterosexual orientation, and 47.64% self-reported homosexual orientation. The results showed differences with Sexual Sensation Seeking being more frequent among heterosexuals and men. There were no differences between heterosexual and homosexual men. Heterosexual women had higher sexual sensation seeking scores than did homosexual women. These results and their possible implications for the effective development of prevention and intervention programs in affective-sexual education are discussed

Sexual Sensation Seeking: A Validated Scale for Spanish Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual People

This is a pre-print of an article published in AIDS and Behavior. The final authenticated version is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-018-2182-6Sexual Sensation Seeking has been identified as a main predictor of unsafe sex that particularly affects LGB people. This study adapts and validates the Sexual Sensation Seeking Scale to Spanish LGB people. For this purpose, we tested the factor structure in 1237 people, ranged from 17 to 60 years old, 880 self-defined as homosexuals and 357 as bisexuals. The results support the appropriateness of this scale for Spanish LGB people and determine two factors, explaining the 49.91% of variance: “physical sensations attraction” and “sexual experiences”. Our findings reveal optimal levels of internal consistency in the total scale (α = 0.81) and each factor (α = 0.84 and α = 0.71). Additional analyses have demonstrated convergent validity for this scale. Important implications of the validated Sexual Sensation Seeking Scale in Spanish LGB people are discussed, in order to early detection and preventive interventions for HIV and other sexual health problems

Factors associated with condom use in vaginal intercourse among Spanish adults with intellectual disability: Proposal for an explanatory model

Background: The prevention of HIV or other STIs in people with intellectual disabilities (ID) is a rarely studied subject even though this population group is at the same risk of infection as the general population. Aims: The present study aims to conduct a descriptive analysis of sexual behaviours and condom use frequency in Spanish men and women with intellectual disabilities and identify the combi- nation of variables that best explain condom use in vaginal intercourse. Methods and procedures: The sample consisted of 253 people (56.1 % male and 43.9 % female) aged between 20 and 64 years (M = 38.52; SD = 10.48). Participants completed the Sexuality Questionnaire for People with Intellectual Disabilities and the Sexual Abuse Risk Screening Scale. Outcomes and results: The percentage of consistent condom use is 27.7 % for vaginal intercourse. Lack of knowledge about body boundaries constitutes a risk factor contributing to risky sexual behaviour. Knowledge of HIV-transmitting fluids and perceived self-efficacy are protective fac- tors. The proposed model explains between 35.5 % and 46.6 % of the variance. Conclusions and implications: The results highlight the importance of considering the judgements people make about their ability to perform preventive behaviour and the provision of information on sexuality adapted to cognitive abilities to minimise the engagement in risky behaviours

Sexual Health in Spanish People with Intellectual Disability: the Impact of the Lockdown due to COVID-19

Introduction: The lockdown due to COVID-19 affected the sexual health of the people with intellectual disabilities by differentially modifying the frequency and characteristics of people's sexual activity depending on whether or not they lived with a partner during this period. The aim of this study was to analyze the extent to which the sexual behavior of people with intellectual disabilities (with and without a partner) was affected during the lockdown. Methods: The sample consisted of 73 people with intellectual disabilities between 21 and 63 years old (M = 39.63; SD = 10.11). The variables analyzed were the physical, social, and technological environment during the lockdown, sexual appetite, sexual behavior, online sexual activity, and sexual abuse. The data were collected between the months of May and June of 2020. Results: The lockdown increased the sexual appetite of a third of the sample (38%), especially the youngest participants. Sexual activity focused on autoeroticism and online behavior, particularly sending nude images of oneself (88%) and viewing pornography (83.6%). Rates of sexual abuse during this period were relatively high (6.8%). Conclusions: The sexual activity of people with ID was important during the lockdown, and they had to adapt to the circumstances of isolation in a similar way to the general population. Technological improvements in terms of devices and connection quality at home allowed their sexual behavior to be reoriented, opening the door to new risks for the sexual health of people with ID. Policy implications: Cybersex and the increase in sexual abuse due to confinement are aspects that should be included in programs to improve the sexual health of this group

Development and psychometric properties of an instrument for the Assessment of Sexual Behaviour and Knowledge of people with Intellectual Disability

Background This paper presents psychometric properties of an instrument for the Assessment of Sexual Behaviour and Knowledge of people with Intellectual Disability (ASBKID), other‐reported by professionals who are in daily contact with them. Methods and procedures Assessments of 236 individuals with intellectual disability were obtained from 100 professionals. Results Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a four‐factor structure: concern about the user's inappropriate or uninhibited sexual behaviour; perception of the user's knowledge about privacy and social norms; perception of the user's knowledge about sexuality; and concerns about the user's sexuality. A multi‐group CFA was also conducted in men and women, confirming the adequacy of this four‐factor structure by gender. The reliability of the factors ranged from 0.74 to 0.92. Conclusions The psychometric results obtained support the use of the ASBKID as a valid and reliable measure for the assessment of sexual behaviour and knowledge in both men and women with intellectual disability

Internet, cibersexo y consumo de alcohol: estudio preliminar en adolescentes

El uso generalizado de Internet ha facilitado que cada vez sean más los jóvenes que inician su actividad sexual en Internet. Algunos estudios apuntan que el consumo de alcohol o el abuso de Internet son factores que influyen en la práctica del cibersexo, por lo que planteamos este trabajo con el objetivo de explorar la relación entre cibersexo y las variables mencionadas. Tomando una muestra de 127 estudiantes de 14 años, se constata que efectivamente existe una profunda relación entre consumo abusivo de Internet y cibersexo, y que éstas a su vez se relacionan con distintos aspectos del consumo de alcohol. De estos resultados se derivan importantes implicaciones para el estatus nosológico y el conocimiento general del sexo en Internet.The widespread use of the Internet has facilitated that young people become sexually active on the Internet. Some studies suggest that alcohol consumption or abuse of Internet are factors that influence the practice of cybersex. For this reason, we propose this work in order to explore the relationship between these variables and cybersex. Taking a sample of 127 students 14 years old, we have found that there is a deep relationship between Internet abuse, cybersex, and different aspects of alcohol consumption. From these results, we discuss important implications for the nosological status and general knowledge of Internet sex.Trabajo realizado gracias a una ayuda económica de la Universitat Jaume I de Castellón (P1·1B2012-49)peerReviewe

Knowledge, attitudes and sexual behavior in adults with intellectual disabilities

En este trabajo se lleva a cabo un estudio exploratorio cuyo objetivo general es analizar el comportamiento sexual, y el nivel de conocimientos y actitudes relativas a las prácticas de sexo seguro en una muestra de personas con discapacidad intelectual para prevenir la violencia sexual hacia este colectivo. La muestra está compuesta por 78 personas (39 hombres y 39 mujeres) con discapacidad intelectual leve o moderada. Los resultados obtenidos mediante una entrevista estructurada indican que en el nivel de conocimientos sobre prácticas sexuales destaca que el 73.1% había mantenido relaciones sexuales, el 87.4% conocían los diferentes tipos de métodos anticonceptivos y el 56.3% confiaba en los profesionales y educadores para tratar temas relativos a la sexualidad. Estos resultados subrayan la necesidad de desarrollar programas de educación afectiva-sexual adecuados a este colectivo.This paper conducts an exploratory study whose overall objective is to analyze sexual behavior, level of knowledge and attitudes about safe sex practices in a sample of people with intellectual disabilities to prevent sexual violence against this group. The sample is composed of 78 people (39 men and 39 women) with a mild or moderate intellectual disability. The results obtained through a structured interview indicate that the level of knowledge about sexual practices highlights that 73.1% had sexual intercourse, 87.4% had knowledge of the different types of contraceptive methods and 56.3% trust the professionals and educators to address sexuality issues. These results underscore the importance of tailoring affective-sexual educations programs for this group.peerReviewe