Globalization and Health in a Small Town in the Amazon Region

The chapter describes results of a study conducted in Ponta de Pedras, a small municipality (27,000 inhabitants) in the estuary of the Amazon River on Marajó Island, in the State of Pará. Close to 400 questionnaires were applied to the population to assess the impact of globalization on the municipality. The main revenue of the municipality comes from the export of açaí fruit, which became a global product after being discovered by two Californian surfers in around 1990. The city is three and half hours by boat from a large city, but it is connected to the world by Internet via mobile phones (95% of urban and 79% of rural population have a mobile phone), which is used for social media access, studies, açaí sales, and to buy products. Effects on cultural and eating habits have been observed, as processed foods are replacing fish and açaí among youngsters in the local diet. Hypertension was the main morbidity reported by the interviewees, particularly those living in the rural area. On the other hand, the urban area has poor sanitary infrastructure and public services. The chapter ends by discussing the complex role of globalization in the development of communities and how local governments and health policies could act to balance the effects of globalization on health

Performance, carcass characteristics and ingestive behavior of feedlot lambs fed fresh or ensiled sugar cane

Trinta cordeiros da raça Santa Inês, 26,2±0,6kg e 151±1,7 dias de idade, foram confinados para avaliar os efeitos da utilização de silagens de cana-de-açúcar sobre o desempenho, as características da carcaça e o comportamento ingestivo. As rações experimentais foram compostas de 50% de volumoso e 50% de concentrado, diferindo quanto ao tipo do volumoso utilizado: cana-de-açúcar in natura, silagem de cana-de-açúcar sem aditivo e silagem de cana-de-açúcar aditivada com Lactobacillus buchneri (5x10(4) UFC/g de MV). Não houve diferença (P>0,05) para o consumo de MS, ganho de peso vivo, conversão alimentar e parâmetros de carcaça entre os tratamentos. O tempo de ingestão (min/g FDN) e a eficiência de ruminação (g MS/h) foram menores (P<0,05) para os tratamentos contendo silagem de cana-de-açúcar. Silagens de cana-de-açúcar não alteraram o desempenho e as características da carcaça dos cordeiros em relação à cana de açúcar in natura. A utilização do aditivo microbiano contendo o L. buchneri na ensilagem da cana-de-açúcar não alterou as variáveis avaliadas.Thirty Santa Ines ram lambs, 26.2±0.6kg and 151±1.7 day-old, were penned to evaluate the effects of feeding sugar cane silages on performance, carcass characteristics and ingestive behavior. Lambs were fed a 50:50 (concentrate:roughage ratio) TMR. Experimental treatments were: fresh sugar cane, sugar cane silage without additive and sugar cane silage treated with Lactobacillus buchneri (5x10(4) cfu/g wet basis). No differences (P>0.05) on dry matter intake, average daily gain, feed conversion and carcass characteristics were observed among treatments. Eating time (min/g NDF) and rumination efficiency (g DM/h) were lower (P<0.05) for silage diets. Sugar cane silage had no detrimental effect on lamb performance and carcass characteristics compared to fresh sugar cane. Adding L. buchneri to sugar cane silage did not change the evaluated characteristics

Hydroxocobalamin Quantification In Human Plasma By High-performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled With Electrospray Tandem Mass Spectrometry In A Pharmacokinetic Study

A rapid, sensitive and specific method for quantifying hydroxocobalamin in human plasma using paracetamol as the internal standard (IS) is described. The analyte and the IS were extracted from plasma by liquid-liquid extraction using an organic solvent (ethanol 100%; -20°C). The extracts were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS-MS). Chromatography was performed on Prevail C8 3 μm, analytical column (2.1×100 mm i.d.). The method had a chromatographic run time of 3.4 min and a linear calibration curve over the range 5-400 ng.mL -1 (r&gt;0.9983). The limit of quantification was 5 ng.mL-1. The method was also validated without the use of the internal standard. The precision in the intra-batch validation with IS was 9.6%, 8.9%, 1.0% and 2.8% whereas without IS was 9.2%, 8.2%, 1.8% and 1.5% for 5, 15, 80 and 320 ng/mL, respectively. The accuracy in intra-batch validation with IS was 108.9%, 99.9%, 98.9% and 99.0% whereas without IS was 101.1%, 99.3%, 97.5% and 92.5% for 5, 15, 80 and 320 ng/mL, respectively. The precision in the inter-batch validation with IS was 9.4%, 6.9%, 4.6% and 5.5% whereas without IS was 10.9%, 6.4%, 5.0% and 6.2% for 5, 15, 80 and 320 ng/mL, respectively. The accuracy in inter-batch validation with IS was 101.9%, 104.1%, 103.2% and 99.7% whereas without IS was 94.4%, 101.2%, 101.6% and 96.0% for 5, 15, 80 and 320 ng/ mL, respectively. This HPLC-MS-MS procedure was used to assess the pharmacokinetics of cobalamin following intramuscular injection 5000 μg in healthy volunteers of both sexes (10 males and 10 females). The volunteers had the following clinical characteristics (according to gender and expressed as mean ± SD [range]): males: age: 32.40 ± 8.00 [23.00-46.00], height: 1.73 ± 0.07 m [1.62-1.85], body weight: 72.48 ± 10.22 [60.20-88.00]; females: age: 28.60 ± 9.54 [18.00-44.00], height: 1.60 ± 0.05 [1.54-1.70], body weight: 58.64 ± 6.09 [51.70-66.70]. The following pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained from the hydroxocobalamin plasma concentration vs. time curves: AUC last, T1/2, Tmax, Vd, Cl, C max and Clast. The pharmacokinetic parameters were 120 (± 25) ng.mL -1 for C max, 2044 (± 641) ng.hr.mL -1 for AUClast, 8 (± 3.2) ng.mL -1 for Clast, 38 (± 15.8) hr for T 1/2 and 2.5 (range 1-6) hr for Tmax. Female volunteers presented significant (p=0.0136) lower AUC (1706 ± 704) ng.hr.mL-1) and larger (p=0.0205) clearance (2.91 ± 1.41 L/hr), as compared to male 2383 ± 343 ng.hr.mL -1 and 1.76 ± 0.23 L/hr, respectively. These pharmacokinetic differences could explain the higher prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in female patients. The method described validated well without the use of the internal standard and this approach should be investigated in other HPLC-MS-MS methods. © 2013 Mendes GD, et al.528087Butler, C.C., Vidal-Alaball, J., Cannings-John, R., McCaddon, A., Hood, K., Oral vitamin B12 versus intramuscular vitamin B12 for vitamin B12 deficiency: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (2006) Fam Pract, 23, pp. 279-285Kuzminski, A.M., Del Giacco, E.J., Allen, R.H., Stabler, S.P., Lindenbaum, J., (1998) Blood, 92, p. 1191van Asselt, D.Z., Merkus, F.W., Russel, F.G., Hoefnagels, W.H., Nasal absorption of hydroxocobalamin in healthy elderly adults (1998) Br J Clin Pharmacol, 45, pp. 83-86Van den Berg, M.P., Merkus, P., Romeijn, S.G., Verhoef, J.C., Merkus, F.W., Hydroxocobalamin uptake into the cerebrospinal fluid after nasal and intravenous delivery in rats and humans (2003) J Drug Target, 11, pp. 325-331Merkus, P., Guchelaar, H.J., Bosch, D.A., Merkus, F.W., (2003) Neurology, 6, p. 1669Chen, J.H., Jiang, S.J., Determination of cobalamin in nutritive supplements and chlorella foods by capillary electrophoresis-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (2008) J Agric Food Chem, 56, pp. 1210-1215Kelly, R.J., Gruner, T.M., Sykes, A.R., Development of a method for the separation of corrinoids in ovine tissues by HPLC (2005) Biomed Chromatogr, 19, pp. 329-333Rosin, H., Man, W.Y., Doyle, E., Bult, A., Beijnen, J.H., (2000) J Liq Chromatogr and Related Tech, 23, p. 329Wang, Y.H., Yan, F., Zhang, W.B., Ye, G., Zheng, Y.Y., (2009) Neurosci Bull, 25, p. 209Dubois, D., Dubois, E.F., (1916) Arch Intern Med, 17, p. 862Mendes, F.D., Chen, L.S., Borges, A., Babadópulos, T., Ilha, J.O., Ciprofibrate quantification in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry for pharmacokinetic studies (2011) J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci, 879, pp. 2361-2368Uhl, W., Nolting, A., Gallemann, D., Hecht, S., Kovar, A., Changes in blood pressure after administration of hydroxocobalamin: Relationship to changes in plasma cobalamins-(III) concentrations in healthy volunteers (2008) Clin Toxicol, 46, pp. 551-559. , (Phila

Dispositivo para aquisição e processamento de dados para determinação de massa corporal

A INVENÇÃO CONSISTE NUM DISPOSITIVO QUE PERMITE A AQUISIÇÃO E A ANÁLISE DE DADOSPARA DETERMINAÇÃO DOS COMPARTIMENTOS CORPORAIS GORDO E NÃO GORDO. A INVENÇÃOÉ UM LIPOCALIBRADOR, FIGURA 1 MODIFICADO DE FORMA A PERMITIR A MEDIÇÃO AUTOMÁTICAE A RECEPÇÃO DA INFORMAÇÃO, POR RÁDIO FREQUÊNCIA (9), PARA MEIOS INFORMÁTICOS (10)CORRENTES. O SISTEMA PERMITE A ANÁLISE DOS DADOS RECOLHIDOS E A DETERMINAÇÃOAUTOMÁTICA DA DENSIDADE E DA GORDURA CORPORAL ATRAVÉS DOS VÁRIOS MÉTODOS DEREFERÊNCIA. A MEDIÇÃO DAS PREGAS DE GORDURA CUTÂNEA COM O LIPOCALIBRADOR É REALIZADADO SEGUINTE MODO: AGARRANDO O EQUIPAMENTO PELO PUNHO (1) E PREMINDO A ALAVANCA (3)MANIPULAM-SE OS BRAÇOS (4A, 4B) EM TORNO DO SEU EIXO DE ROTAÇÃO (2), DE MODO A AFASTARAS MAXILAS (5A, 5B), DE ACORDO COM OS PROCEDIMENTOS CONVENCIONADOS NA LITERATURA.POSICIONANDO AS MAXILAS NA ZONA A MEDIR (PREGA CORPORAL), LIBERTA-SE A ALAVANCA (3). OAJUSTE DA PRESSÃO DAS MAXILAS (5A, 5B) É REALIZADO PELA ACÇÃO DA MOLA (6) . A ABERTURADAS MAXILAS É MECANICAMENTE TRANSMITIDA AO ELEMENTO SENSOR CONTIDO NO INVÓLUCRO DOSISTEMA ELECTRÓNICO (8) ATRAVÉS DO DESLOCAMENTO DA EXTREMIDADE ANTERIOR DO BRAÇOINFERIOR 4A E POSTERIORMENTE AOS MEIOS INFORMÁTICOS. OS BOTÕES (7A, 7B) PERMITEMAO UTILIZADOR CONTROLAR A EVOLUÇÃO DO PROGRAMA COMPUTACIONAL. ESTE DISPOSITIVOSERÁ ÚTIL SEMPRE QUE SEJA NECESSÁRIA A AVALIAÇÃO DA GORDURA E DENSIDADE CORPORAIS,PARTICULARMENTE IMPORTANTE NAS ÁREAS DE NUTRIÇÃO, DESPORTO, VETERINÁRIA E TAMBÉMSAÚDE EM GERAL

Reproduction of the blue jack mackerel, Trachurus picturatus, in western Portugal: microscopic gonad analysis reveals indeterminate fecundity and skipped spawning patterns

Blue jack mackerel, Trachurus picturatus, is the fifth most landed fish species in mainland Portugal, but information on its reproductive biology is scarce. From September 2018 to August 2019, 626 specimens were collected from commercial vessels to clarify the reproductive strategy of the T. picturatus population off the west coast of Portugal. The proportion and length range of males and females were similar. Only three of the specimens collected were categorized as immature, indicating that the fish caught in the fishery are primarily mature. The spawning season lasted from late January until the end of March, with gonadosomatic indices being similar for males and females. Fecundity was indeterminate, and estimated batch fecundity ranged between 6,798 (at 25.4 cm TL) and 302,358 oocytes (at 33.8 cm TL). The low number of females showing direct evidence of imminent or recent spawning suggests a low number of spawning events. In addition, 12.7% of females were considered non-reproductive due to ovary abnormalities including parasitic infection by Kudoa species, atretic structures and skipped spawning events. This study highlights the importance of accounting for skipped spawning events and ovary abnormalities in the management of species fisheries.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Absence of First-order Transition and Tri-critical Point in the Dynamic Phase Diagram of a Spatially Extended Bistable System in an Oscillating Field

It has been well established that spatially extended, bistable systems that are driven by an oscillating field exhibit a nonequilibrium dynamic phase transition (DPT). The DPT occurs when the field frequency is on the order of the inverse of an intrinsic lifetime associated with the transitions between the two stable states in a static field of the same magnitude as the amplitude of the oscillating field. The DPT is continuous and belongs to the same universality class as the equilibrium phase transition of the Ising model in zero field [G. Korniss et al., Phys. Rev. E 63, 016120 (2001); H. Fujisaka et al., Phys. Rev. E 63, 036109 (2001)]. However, it has previously been claimed that the DPT becomes discontinuous at temperatures below a tricritical point [M. Acharyya, Phys. Rev. E 59, 218 (1999)]. This claim was based on observations in dynamic Monte Carlo simulations of a multipeaked probability density for the dynamic order parameter and negative values of the fourth-order cumulant ratio. Both phenomena can be characteristic of discontinuous phase transitions. Here we use classical nucleation theory for the decay of metastable phases, together with data from large-scale dynamic Monte Carlo simulations of a two-dimensional kinetic Ising ferromagnet, to show that these observations in this case are merely finite-size effects. For sufficiently small systems and low temperatures, the continuous DPT is replaced, not by a discontinuous phase transition, but by a crossover to stochastic resonance. In the infinite-system limit the stochastic-resonance regime vanishes, and the continuous DPT should persist for all nonzero temperatures

Correlates of accelerometer-assessed physical activity in pregnancy—The 2015 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort Study

Objective methods to measure physical activity (PA) have become available and widely used given the high degree of precision to evaluate PA. However, few studies have used accelerometers to measure PA during pregnancy, especially in low- and middle-income countries. We assessed overall PA, moderate, vigorous, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) objectively measured among pregnant women and their correlates in a population-based study. PA was assessed for seven consecutive days using a raw triaxial wrist-worn accelerometer in women interviewed around 16 and 24 weeks of gestation in the 2015 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort Study. The average acceleration, which expresses overall PA, was presented in milli-g (1 mg = 0.001 g), and average time (min/day) spent in MVPA (>100 mg) was also analyzed in 5- and 10-min bouts. Analyses were performed using linear regression. In total, 2317 women were included in the analyses. Overall PA was 27.6 mg. Pregnant women spent on average 14 min/day in MVPA and 0.4 min in vigorous PA. Time spent in MVPA and total PA were inversely associated with years in school and income, and were lower among women receiving advice to not exercise. MVPA was also inversely associated with age, lower among women living with a partner, and higher among non-white women. The study indicated low levels of PA among pregnant women. The identified correlates may provide a framework to better understand factors influencing PA during pregnancy and thus inform future interventions

19-base Pair Deletion Polymorphism Of The Dihydrofolate Reductase (dhfr) Gene: Maternal Risk Of Down Syndrome And Folate Metabolism [polimorfismo De Deleção De 19 Pares De Bases Do Gene Dihidrofolato Redutase (dhfr): Risco Materno Para Síndrome De Down E Metabolismo Do Folato]

Context and objective: Polymorphisms in genes involved in folate metabolism may modulate the maternal risk of Down syndrome (DS). This study evaluated the influence of a 19-base pair (bp) deletion polymorphism in intron-1 of the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene on the maternal risk of DS, and investigated the association between this polymorphism and variations in the concentrations of serum folate and plasma homocysteine (Hcy) and plasma methylmalonic acid (MMA). Design and setting: Analytical cross-sectional study carried out at Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (Famerp). Methods: 105 mothers of individuals with free trisomy of chromosome 21, and 184 control mothers were evaluated. Molecular analysis on the polymorphism was performed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) through differences in the sizes of fragments. Folate was quantified by means of chemiluminescence, and Hcy and MMA by means of liquid chromatography and sequential mass spectrometry. Results: There was no difference between the groups in relation to allele and genotype frequencies (P = 0.44; P = 0.69, respectively). The folate, Hcy and MMA concentrations did not differ significantly between the groups, in relation to genotypes (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The 19-bp deletion polymorphism of DHFR gene was not a maternal risk factor for DS and was not related to variations in the concentrations of serum folate and plasma Hcy and MMA in the study population.1284215218Freeman, S.B., Allen, E.G., Oxford-Wright, C.L., The National Down Syndrome Project: Design and implementation (2007) Public Health Rep, 122 (1), pp. 62-72Ramírez, N.J., Belalcázar, H.M., Yunis, J.J., Parental origin, nondisjunction, and recombination of the extra chromosome 21 in Down syndrome: A study in a sample of the Colombian population (2007) Biomedica, 27 (1), pp. 141-148James, S.J., Pogribna, M., Pogribny, I.P., Abnormal folate metabolism and mutation in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene may be maternal risk factors for Down syndrome (1999) Am J Clin Nutr, 70 (4), pp. 495-501Patterson, D., Folate metabolism and the risk of Down syndrome (2008) Downs Syndr Res Pract, 12 (2), pp. 93-97Biselli, J.M., Goloni-Bertollo, E.M., Zampieri, B.L., Genetic polymorphisms involved in folate metabolism and elevated plasma concentrations of homocysteine: Maternal risk factors for Down syndrome in Brazil (2008) Genet Mol Res, 7 (1), pp. 33-42Meguid, N.A., Dardir, A.A., Khass, M., MTHFR genetic polymorphism as a risk factor in Egyptian mothers with Down syndrome children (2008) Dis Markers, 24 (1), pp. 19-26Coppedè, F., Migheli, F., Bargagna, S., Association of maternal polymorphisms in folate metabolizing genes with chromosome damage and risk of Down syndrome offspring (2009) Neurosci Lett, 449 (1), pp. 15-19Pozzi, E., Vergani, P., Dalprà, L., Maternal polymorphisms for methyltetrahydrofolate reductase and methionine synthetase reductase and risk of children with Down syndrome (2009) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 200 (6), pp. 636e1-636e6Stanislawska-Sachadyn, A., Brown, K.S., Mitchell, L.E., An insertion/deletion polymorphism of the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene is associated with serum and red blood cell folate concentrations in women (2008) Hum Genet, 123 (3), pp. 289-295Johnson, W.G., Stenroos, E.S., Spychala, J.R., New 19 bp deletion polymorphism in intron-1 of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR): A risk factor for spina bifida acting in mothers during pregnancy? (2004) Am J Med Genet A, 124 A (4), pp. 339-345Parle-McDermott, A., Pangilinan, F., Mills, J.L., The 19-bp deletion polymorphism in intron-1 of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) may decrease rather than increase risk for spina bifida in the Irish population (2007) Am J Med Genet A, 143 A (11), pp. 1174-1180Xu, X., Gammon, M.D., Wetmur, J.G., A functional 19-base pair deletion polymorphism of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and risk of breast cancer in multivitamin users (2007) Am J Clin Nutr, 85 (4), pp. 1098-1102Gellekink, H., Blom, H.J., van der Linden, I.J., den Heijer, M., Molecular genetic analysis of the human dihydrofolate reductase gene: Relation with plasma total homocysteine, serum and red blood cell folate levels (2007) Eur J Hum Genet, 15 (1), pp. 103-109Miller, S.A., Dykes, D.D., Polesky, H.F., A simple salting out procedure for extracting DNA from human nucleated cells (1988) Nucleic Acids Res, 16 (3), p. 1215Dulucq, S., St-Onge, G., Gagné, V., DNA variants in the dihydrofolate reductase gene and outcome in childhood ALL (2008) Blood, 111 (7), pp. 3692-3700Haddad, R., Mendes, M.A., Höehr, N.F., Eberlin, M.N., Amino acid quantitation in aqueous matrices via trap and release membrane introduction mass spectrometry: Homocysteine in human plasma (2001) Analyst, 126 (8), pp. 1212-1215de Andrade, C.R., Fukada, S.Y., Olivon, V.C., Alpha1D-adrenoceptor-induced relaxation on rat carotid artery is impaired during the endothelial dysfunction evoked in the early stages of hyperhomocysteinemia (2006) Eur J Pharmacol, 543 (1-3), pp. 83-91Carvalho, V.M., Kok, F., Determination of serum methylmalonic acid by alkylative extraction and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (2008) Anal Biochem, 381 (1), pp. 67-73Fenech, M., The role of folic acid and Vitamin B12 in genomic stability of human cells (2001) Mutat Res, 475 (1-2), pp. 57-67Wang, X., Thomas, P., Xue, J., Fenech, M., Folate deficiency induces aneuploidy in human lymphocytes in vitro-evidence using cytokinesis-blocked cells and probes specific for chromosomes 17 and 21 (2004) Mutat Res, 551 (1-2), pp. 167-180Beetstra, S., Thomas, P., Salisbury, C., Turner, J., Fenech, M., Folic acid deficiency increases chromosomal instability, chromosome 21 aneuploidy and sensitivity to radiation-induced micronuclei (2005) Mutat Res, 578 (1-2), pp. 317-326Finkelstein, J.D., Martin, J.J., Homocysteine (2000) Int J Biochem Cell Biol, 32 (4), pp. 385-389Coppedè, F., Marini, G., Bargagna, S., Folate gene polymorphisms and the risk of Down syndrome pregnancies in young Italian women (2006) Am J Med Genet A, 140 (10), pp. 1083-1091Wang, S.S., Qiao, F.Y., Feng, L., Lv, J.J., Polymorphisms in genes involved in folate metabolism as maternal risk factors for Down syndrome in China (2008) J Zhejiang Univ Sci B, 9 (2), pp. 93-99Kalmbach, R.D., Choumenkovitch, S.F., Troen, A.P., A 19-base pair deletion polymorphism in dihydrofolate reductase is associated with increased unmetabolized folic acid in plasma and decreased red blood cell folate (2008) J Nutr, 138 (12), pp. 2323-2327van der Linden, I.J., Nguyen, U., Heil, S.G., Variation and expression of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) in relation to spina bifida (2007) Mol Genet Metab, 91 (1), pp. 98-103Barkai, G., Arbuzova, S., Berkenstadt, M., Heifetz, S., Cuckle, H., Frequency of Down's syndrome and neural tube defects in the same family (2003) Lancet, 361 (9366), pp. 1331-1335Guéant, J.L., Guéant-Rodriguez, R.M., Anello, G., Genetic determinants of folate and vitamin B12 metabolism: A common pathway in neural tube defect and Down syndrome? (2003) Clin Chem Lab Med, 41 (11), pp. 1473-1477Klee, G.G., Cobalamin and folate evaluation: Measurement of methylmalonic acid and homocysteine vs vitamin B(12) and folate (2000) Clin Chem, 46 (8 PART 2), pp. 1277-1283Galloway, M., Rushworth, L., Red cell or serum folate? Results from the National Pathology Alliance benchmarking review (2003) J Clin Pathol, 56 (12), pp. 924-926Bunduki, V., Dommergues, M., Zittoun, J., Maternal-fetal folate status and neural tube defects: A case control study (1995) Biol Neonate, 67 (3), pp. 154-159Kilbride, J., Baker, T.G., Parapia, L.A., Khoury, S.A., Iron status, serum folate and B(12) values in pregnancy and postpartum: Report from a study in Jordan (2000) Ann Saudi Med, 20 (5-6), pp. 371-376Zhang, T., Xin, R., Gu, X., Maternal serum vitamin B12, folate and homocysteine and the risk of neural tube defects in the offspring in a high-risk area of China (2009) Public Health Nutr, 12 (5), pp. 680-686Eser, B., Cosar, M., Eser, O., 677C>T and 1298A>C polymorphisms of methylenetetrahydropholate reductase gene and biochemical parameters in Turkish population with spina bifida occulta (2010) Turk Neurosurg, 20 (1), pp. 9-1

Endogenous sexual steroids and gonadotrophins in women with or without endometrial carcinoma: a comparative clinical study

Objective:To analyze the levels of endogenous sexual steroids and gonadotrophin in women with and without endometrial cancer. Methodology:We developed a clinical comparative study on 20 postmenopausal women with endometrial cancer and 20 postmenopausal women without endometrial cancer. The age, the postmenopausal time and the index of body mass were used as matching variables. The plasma levels of the endogenous sexual steroids were measured using radioimmunoassay and immunoenzymatic methods. For the statistic analysis we used the Student's t test. Results: The levels of androstenedione (A), total testosterone (t) and free testosterone (TL) were higher in the women with endometrial cancer, and those of the luteinic hormone (LH) were significantly lower values in these women. We also observed that the ratio (E1/A) showed significantly lower in the group of women with cancer, while the ratio (E2/E1) did not present any differences between groups. Conclusions: We emphasize the potentiality of sexual steroids and gonadotrophins in the genesis of endometrial adenocarcinoma in postmenopausal women.Objetivo: analisar os níveis dos esteróides sexuais endógenos e gonadotrofinas em mulheres com e sem câncer de endométrio. Métodos: foi realizado estudo clínico-comparativo com 20 mulheres na pós-menopausa com câncer de endométrio e 20 mulheres na pós-menopausa, sem câncer de endométrio. A idade, o tempo de menopausa e o índice de massa corpórea foram utilizados como variáveis de emparelhamento. Os níveis plasmáticos dos esteróides sexuais endógenos foram medidos por métodos de radioimunoensaio e imunoenzimático. Para análise estatística utilizamos o teste t de Student. Resultados: os níveis de androstenediona (A), testosterona total (t) e testosterona livre (TL) foram mais elevados nas mulheres com câncer de endométrio e os níveis de hormônio luteinizante (LH) foram significativamente menores nessas mulheres. Também observamos que a razão (E1/A) mostrou valores significativamente menores no grupo de mulheres com câncer, ao passo que a razão (E2/E1) não apresentou diferenças nos dois grupos. Conclusões: destacamos a potencialidade dos esteróides sexuais e gonadotrofinas na gênese do adenocarcinoma de endométrio em mulheres na pós-menopausa.26727