510 research outputs found
Electronic structure of crystalline binary and ternary Cd-Te-O compounds
The electronic structure of crystalline CdTe, CdO, -TeO,
CdTeO and CdTeO is studied by means of first principles
calculations. The band structure, total and partial density of states, and
charge densities are presented. For -TeO and CdTeO, Density
Functional Theory within the Local Density Approximation (LDA) correctly
describes the insulating character of these compounds. In the first four
compounds, LDA underestimates the optical bandgap by roughly 1 eV. Based on
this trend, we predict an optical bandgap of 1.7 eV for CdTeO. This
material shows an isolated conduction band with a low effective mass, thus
explaining its semiconducting character observed recently. In all these oxides,
the top valence bands are formed mainly from the O 2p electrons. On the other
hand, the binding energy of the Cd 4d band, relative to the valence band
maximum, in the ternary compounds is smaller than in CdTe and CdO.Comment: 13 pages, 15 figures, 2 tables. Accepted in Phys Rev
Costs associated with delivering HPV vaccination in the context of the first year demonstration programme in southern Mozambique.
BACKGROUND: In Mozambique cervical cancer is a public health threat, due to its high incidence and limited access to early diagnosis of precancerous lesions. International organisations are supporting the introduction of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines in low- and middle-income countries. Some of these countries recently conducted demonstration programmes, which included evaluation of acceptability, coverage, and practicality of implementation and of integration in existing programmes. Information on costs of delivering the vaccine is needed to overcome the challenges of reaching vaccine potential recipients in rural and remote areas. METHODS: We estimated the financial and economic costs of delivering HPV vaccination to ten-year-old girls at schools for the first vaccination cycle of the demonstration programme in the Manhiça district (southern Mozambique), delivered throughout 2014. We also estimated costs of an alternative scenario with a reduced number of doses and personnel, which was analogous to the second vaccination cycle delivered throughout 2015. Cost estimates followed a micro-costing approach and included interviews with key informants at different administrative levels through the administration of standard questionnaires developed by the World Health Organisation. RESULTS: Considering only data from the first vaccination cycle (2014), which consisted in the administration of three doses, the average economic cost was US52.29 per fully-immunised girl (FIG). Financial cost per dose (US17.95) were substantially lower. The economic cost was US31.14 per FIG when estimating an alternative cost scenario with reduced number of doses and personnel. CONCLUSIONS: The average economic cost per dose was lower than the ones recently reported for low- and middle-income countries. However, our estimation of the financial cost per FIG was higher than the ones observed elsewhere (ranging from US20.36 in Vietnam) due to the high percentage of out-of-school girls which, reduced vaccine coverage and, therefore, reduced the denominator. Due to budget constraints, if Mozambique is to implement nation-wide HPV vaccination targeted to ten-year-old girls at schools, a reduction in personnel costs should be operated either by restricting the outreach vaccinator team or the number of supervision visits
Navigating challenges:STI policies for sustainable and inclusive development in Latin America
This paper explores the challenges and opportunities for Latin America in adopting sustainable development strategies, with a particular focus on Science, Technology and Innovattion (STI) policies. It gathers the insights of a group of distinguished scholars on STI policies, social inclusion and sustainability from the region who participated in the panel organized by the UNESCO Chair during the LALICS* conference held in Asuncion, Paraguay, on 19-21 June 2023.It addresses the challenges that hinder Latin America’s inclusive, sustainable and innovative development process from different perspectives. Highlighted challenges include strong inequality, high informality levels, and low R&D expenditure, heterogeneous productive structure posing obstacles to innovation and their governance. Scholars highlight the role of STI policies and the engagement of academia, government, and business in reducing inequality and promoting social protection, and discuss the technological capabilities needed to address climate change and digitalisation in the region
Navigating challenges:STI policies for sustainable and inclusive development in Latin America
This paper explores the challenges and opportunities for Latin America in adopting sustainable development strategies, with a particular focus on Science, Technology and Innovattion (STI) policies. It gathers the insights of a group of distinguished scholars on STI policies, social inclusion and sustainability from the region who participated in the panel organized by the UNESCO Chair during the LALICS* conference held in Asuncion, Paraguay, on 19-21 June 2023.It addresses the challenges that hinder Latin America’s inclusive, sustainable and innovative development process from different perspectives. Highlighted challenges include strong inequality, high informality levels, and low R&D expenditure, heterogeneous productive structure posing obstacles to innovation and their governance. Scholars highlight the role of STI policies and the engagement of academia, government, and business in reducing inequality and promoting social protection, and discuss the technological capabilities needed to address climate change and digitalisation in the region
Chiral three-nucleon forces and bound excited states in neutron-rich oxygen isotopes
We study the spectra of neutron-rich oxygen isotopes based on chiral two- and
three-nucleon interactions. First, we benchmark our many-body approach by
comparing ground-state energies to coupled-cluster results for the same
two-nucleon interaction, with overall good agreement. We then calculate bound
excited states in 21,22,23O, focusing on the role of three-nucleon forces, in
the standard sd shell and an extended sdf7/2p3/2 valence space. Chiral
three-nucleon forces provide important one- and two-body contributions between
valence neutrons. We find that both these contributions and an extended valence
space are necessary to reproduce key signatures of novel shell evolution, such
as the N = 14 magic number and the low-lying states in 21O and 23O, which are
too compressed with two-nucleon interactions only. For the extended space
calculations, this presents first work based on nuclear forces without
adjustments. Future work is needed and open questions are discussed.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, published versio
Neutrinoless double beta decay in seesaw models
We study the general phenomenology of neutrinoless double beta decay in
seesaw models. In particular, we focus on the dependence of the neutrinoless
double beta decay rate on the mass of the extra states introduced to account
for the Majorana masses of light neutrinos. For this purpose, we compute the
nuclear matrix elements as functions of the mass of the mediating fermions and
estimate the associated uncertainties. We then discuss what can be inferred on
the seesaw model parameters in the different mass regimes and clarify how the
contribution of the light neutrinos should always be taken into account when
deriving bounds on the extra parameters. Conversely, the extra states can also
have a significant impact, cancelling the Standard Model neutrino contribution
for masses lighter than the nuclear scale and leading to vanishing neutrinoless
double beta decay amplitudes even if neutrinos are Majorana particles. We also
discuss how seesaw models could reconcile large rates of neutrinoless double
beta decay with more stringent cosmological bounds on neutrino masses.Comment: 34 pages, 5 eps figures and 1 axodraw figure. Final version published
in JHEP. NME results available in Appendi
Critical Role of Electrical Resistivity in Magnetoionics
The utility of electrical resistivity as an indicator of magnetoionic performance in stoichiometrically and structurally similar thin-film systems is demonstrated. A series of highly nanocrystalline cobalt nitride (Co-N) thin films (85 nm thick) with a broad range of electrical properties exhibit markedly different magnetoionic behaviors. Semiconducting, near stoichiometric CoN films show the best performance, better than their metallic and insulating counterparts. Resistivity reflects the interplay between atomic bonding, carrier localization, and structural defects, and in turn determines the strength and distribution of applied electric fields inside the actuated films. This fact, generally overlooked, reveals that resistivity can be used to quickly evaluate the potential of a system to exhibit optimal magnetoionic effects, while also opening interesting challenges.Financial support by the European Research Council (SPIN-PORICS 2014-Consolidator Grant, Agreement
No. 648454, and the MAGIC-SWITCH 2019-Proof of
Concept Grant, Agreement No. 875018), the Spanish Government (MAT2017-86357-C3-1-R and PID2020-
116844RB-C21), the Generalitat de Catalunya (2017-
SGR-292 and 2018-LLAV-00032) and the European Regional Development Fund (MAT2017-86357-C3-1-R
and 2018-LLAV-00032) is acknowledged. This work was
partially supported by the Impulse-und Net-working fund
of the Helmholtz Association (FKZ VH-VI-442 Memriox), and the Helmholtz Energy Materials Characterization Platform (03ET7015). The PALS measurements were
carried out at ELBE at the Helmholtz-Zentrum DresdenRossendorf e. V., a member of the Helmholtz Association. L.A. thanks MINECO for a Ramón y Cajal Contract (RYC-2013-12640). J.S. thanks the Spanish Fábrica
Nacional de Moneda y Timbre for fruitful discussions.
E.M. acknowledges support as a Serra HĂşnter Fellow.
We acknowledge service from MiNa Laboratory at IMNCSIC
The Spatial Extent of (U)LIRGs in the mid-Infrared I: The Continuum Emission
We present an analysis of the extended mid-infrared (MIR) emission of the
Great Observatories All-Sky LIRG Survey (GOALS) sample based on 5-15um low
resolution spectra obtained with the IRS on Spitzer. We calculate the fraction
of extended emission as a function of wavelength for the galaxies in the
sample, FEE_lambda. We can identify 3 general types of FEE_lambda: one where it
is constant, one where features due to emission lines and PAHs appear more
extended than the continuum, and a third which is characteristic of sources
with deep silicate absorption at 9.7um. More than 30% of the galaxies have a
median FEE_lambda larger than 0.5 implying that at least half of their MIR
emission is extended. Luminous Infrared Galaxies (LIRGs) display a wide range
of FEE in their warm dust continuum (0<=FEE_13.2um<=0.85). The large values of
FEE_13.2um that we find in many LIRGs suggest that their extended MIR continuum
emission originates in scales up to 10kpc. The mean size of the LIRG cores at
13.2um is 2.6kpc. However, once the LIR of the systems reaches the threshold of
~10^11.8Lsun, all sources become clearly more compact, with FEE_13.2um<=0.2,
and their cores are unresolved. Our estimated upper limit for the core size of
ULIRGs is less than 1.5kpc. The analysis indicates that the compactness of
systems with LIR>~10^11.25Lsun strongly increases in those classified as
mergers in their final stage of interaction. The FEE_13.2um is also related to
the contribution of an active galactic nucleus (AGN) to the MIR. Galaxies which
are more AGN-dominated are less extended, independently of their LIR. We
finally find that the extent of the MIR continuum emission is correlated with
the far-IR IRAS log(f_60um/f_100um) color. This enables us to place a lower
limit to the area in a galaxy from where the cold dust emission may originate,
a prediction which can be tested soon with the Herschel Space Telescope.Comment: 18 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Ap
Phase II Clinical Trial With Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin (CAELYX®/Doxil®) and Quality of Life Evaluation (EORTC QLQ-C30) in Adult Patients With Advanced Soft Tissue Sarcomas: A study of the Spanish Group for Research in Sarcomas (GEIS)
Background: Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD), a formulation with pharmacokinetic differences with respect
to doxorubicin (DXR), might benefit patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma (STS) pretreated with DXR
Recommended from our members
H3K79me2/3 controls enhancer-promoter interactions and activation of the pan-cancer stem cell marker PROM1/CD133 in MLL-AF4 leukemia cells
Altres ajuts: Acknowledgements TAM, LG, NTC, I-JL, RT, JRH, and SR were funded by Medical Research Council (MRC, UK) Molecular Haematology Unit grant MC_UU_12009/6, MC_UU_00016/6, and MR/ M003221/1. AR was supported by a Bloodwise Clinician Scientist Fellowship (grants: 14041 and 17001), Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Career Development Fellowship (216632/Z/19/Z), Lady Tata Memorial International Fellowship, and EHA-ASH Translational Research Training in Hematology Fellowship. SOB was funded by the Department of Paediatrics and Alexander Thatte Fund, University of Oxford. DJHFK is funded by a CIHR Postdoctoral Fellowship. IR is supported by the NIHR Oxford BRC, by a Bloodwise Program Grant (13001) and by the MRC Molecular Haematology Unit (MC_UU_12009/14). PV via the Molecular Haematology Unit (MC_UU_12009) and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) Programme. We would like to acknowledge the WIMM Flow Cytometry Facility which is supported by the MRC HIU, MRC MHU (MC_UU_12009), NIHR Oxford BRC, Kay Kendall Leukemia Fund (KKL1057), John Fell Fund (131/030 and 101/517), the EPA fund (CF182 and CF170), and by the WIMM Strategic Alliance awards G0902418 and MC_UU_12025. We thank the High-Throughput Genomics Group at the Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics (funded by Wellcome Trust Grant Reference 090532/Z/09/Z); the MRC WIMM Centre for Computational Biology (CCB), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford; and Jelena Telenius for the use of her pipelines. B-ALL work in PM's lab is financially supported by [...], the Fundación Uno entre Cienmil, the Fundación Leo Messi. PM also acknowledges structural support from the Obra Social La Caixa-Fundaciò Josep Carreras. The human fetal material was provided by the Joint MRC/ Wellcome Trust Grant 099175/Z/ 12/Z Human Developmental Biology Resource (http://hdbr.org). We gratefully acknowledge the kind generosity of patients, their parents, and staff at Great Ormond Street Hospital, London.MLL gene rearrangements (MLLr) are a common cause of aggressive, incurable acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL) in infants and children, most of which originate in utero. The most common MLLr produces an MLL-AF4 fusion protein. MLL-AF4 promotes leukemogenesis by activating key target genes, mainly through recruitment of DOT1L and increased histone H3 lysine-79 methylation (H3K79me2/3). One key MLL-AF4 target gene is PROM1, which encodes CD133 (Prominin-1). CD133 is a pentaspan transmembrane glycoprotein that represents a potential pan-cancer target as it is found on multiple cancer stem cells. Here we demonstrate that aberrant PROM1/CD133 expression is essential for leukemic cell growth, mediated by direct binding of MLL-AF4. Activation is controlled by an intragenic H3K79me2/3 enhancer element (KEE) leading to increased enhancer-promoter interactions between PROM1 and the nearby gene TAPT1. This dual locus regulation is reflected in a strong correlation of expression in leukemia. We find that in PROM1/CD133 non-expressing cells, the PROM1 locus is repressed by polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) binding, associated with reduced expression of TAPT1, partially due to loss of interactions with the PROM1 locus. Together, these results provide the first detailed analysis of PROM1/CD133 regulation that explains CD133 expression in MLLr ALL
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