Optical mouse acting as biospeckle sensor

In this work we propose some experiments with the use of optical computer mouse, associated to low cost lasers that can be used to perform several measurements with applications in industry and in human health monitoring. The mouse was used to grab the movements produced by speckle pattern changes and to get information through the adaptation of its structure. We measured displacements in wood samples under strain, variations of the diameter of an artery due to heart beat and, through a hardware simulation, the movement of an eye, an experiment that could be of low cost help for communication to severely handicapped motor patients. Those measurements were done in spite of the fact that the CCD sensor of the mice is monolithically included into an integrated circuit so that the raw image cannot be accessed. If, as was the case with primitive optical mouse, that signal could be accessed, the quality and usefulness of the measurements could be significantly increased. As it was not possible, a webcam sensor was used for measuring the drying of paint, a standard phenomenon for testing biospeckle techniques, in order to prove the usefulness of the mouse design. The results showed that the use of the mouse associated to a laser pointer could be the way to get metrological information from many phenomena involving the whole field spatial displacement, as well as the use of the mouse as in its prime version allowed to get images of the speckle patterns and to analyze them.Centro de Investigaciones Óptica

Optical mouse acting as biospeckle sensor

In this work we propose some experiments with the use of optical computer mouse, associated to low cost lasers that can be used to perform several measurements with applications in industry and in human health monitoring. The mouse was used to grab the movements produced by speckle pattern changes and to get information through the adaptation of its structure. We measured displacements in wood samples under strain, variations of the diameter of an artery due to heart beat and, through a hardware simulation, the movement of an eye, an experiment that could be of low cost help for communication to severely handicapped motor patients. Those measurements were done in spite of the fact that the CCD sensor of the mice is monolithically included into an integrated circuit so that the raw image cannot be accessed. If, as was the case with primitive optical mouse, that signal could be accessed, the quality and usefulness of the measurements could be significantly increased. As it was not possible, a webcam sensor was used for measuring the drying of paint, a standard phenomenon for testing biospeckle techniques, in order to prove the usefulness of the mouse design. The results showed that the use of the mouse associated to a laser pointer could be the way to get metrological information from many phenomena involving the whole field spatial displacement, as well as the use of the mouse as in its prime version allowed to get images of the speckle patterns and to analyze them.Centro de Investigaciones Óptica

Optical mouse acting as biospeckle sensor

In this work we propose some experiments with the use of optical computer mouse, associated to low cost lasers that can be used to perform several measurements with applications in industry and in human health monitoring. The mouse was used to grab the movements produced by speckle pattern changes and to get information through the adaptation of its structure. We measured displacements in wood samples under strain, variations of the diameter of an artery due to heart beat and, through a hardware simulation, the movement of an eye, an experiment that could be of low cost help for communication to severely handicapped motor patients. Those measurements were done in spite of the fact that the CCD sensor of the mice is monolithically included into an integrated circuit so that the raw image cannot be accessed. If, as was the case with primitive optical mouse, that signal could be accessed, the quality and usefulness of the measurements could be significantly increased. As it was not possible, a webcam sensor was used for measuring the drying of paint, a standard phenomenon for testing biospeckle techniques, in order to prove the usefulness of the mouse design. The results showed that the use of the mouse associated to a laser pointer could be the way to get metrological information from many phenomena involving the whole field spatial displacement, as well as the use of the mouse as in its prime version allowed to get images of the speckle patterns and to analyze them.Centro de Investigaciones Óptica

Identificação espaço-temporal dos padrões de focos de calor no estado do maranhão

The fire use in Brazil is associated with several agricultural sector stages, such that it is frequent the fires and uncontrolled burning registration throughout the national territory. In this way, Maranhão is one of the states with the largest record of hot spots. Thus, this study analyzing the spatial and temporal dynamics of hot spots in the Maranhão state. The hot spot data were acquired from the National Institute of Space Research, while the rainfall data were obtained with the TRMM sensor. Hot spot data were analyzed yearly, between the years 2007 to 2019. In this period, 325.940 hot spots were registered in Maranhão, with higher incidence in 2007. The highest rainfall occurred between January and May, which coincides with the lower incidence of hot spots. These was concentrated in the state center, where there is a low precipitation. The hot spots were between 0-149 km of deforestation areas, settlements, highways, and indigenous villages. The cerrado biome has the highest concentration of hots pots, with the highest incidence in the second semester, which has low rainfall. The incidence of hot spots is intrinsic to the seasonality of precipitation and was intensified by anthropic action.O fogo no Brasil é associado a diversas etapas do setor agropecuário, sendo frequente o registro de incêndios e queimadas no país. Assim, o Maranhão, é um dos estados com maior ocorrência de focos de queimadas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a dinâmica espacial e temporal dos focos de calor no   Maranhão. Os dados de focos de calor foram adquiridos no Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, enquanto os de pluviosidade com o sensor TRMM. Analisou-se os focos de calor anualmente, entre 2007 a 2019. Estes foram submetidos ao estimador de densidade Kernel no QGIS 2.18. Houve 325.940 focos no Maranhão entre 2007 a 2019, com maior incidência em 2007. A maior precipitação ocorreu entre janeiro e maio, o que coincide com a menor incidência dos focos de calor. Estes estão concentrados no centro maranhense, onde há menor precipitação. Os focos estavam entre 0-149 km de áreas de desmatamento, assentamentos, rodovias e aldeias indígenas. As áreas com maior concentração dos focos de queimadas estão localizadas no bioma cerrado, sendo a maior incidência no segundo semestre, o qual tem menor pluviosidade. Portanto, a incidência dos focos de calor é intrínseca à sazonalidade da precipitação e intensificada pela ação antrópica

ÍNDICES MORFOFISIOLGICOS E PRODUÇÃO DE PIMENTÃO PRODUZIDO EM DIFERENTES SUBSTRATOS A BASE DE RESÍDUOS ORGÂNICOS EM AMBIENTE PROTEGIDO

The pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the ten vegetables of major economic importance in the Brazilian market. The use of substrate for pepper production is an alternative, for intensive use alone. And the demise of soil diseases that affect the production of this vegetable. The objective of this work was to evaluate morphophysiological indices and pepper production in different alternative substrates in the city of Paragominas, Pará. The experiment was carried out at the Federal Rural University of Amazonia, using an experimental design in a 5x2 factorial scheme with two cultivars, being substrate and two cultivars, the substrates being: 1 - control; 2 - Soya residue; 3 - rice straw; 4 - Black earth; 5 - Black soil + Rice straw + Soybean residue, and hard shell cultivars Ikeda and Rubi Gigantic and four replicates. With averages compared by the Tukey test at 1% probability. The plant height (cm), leaf diameter (mm), fresh mass (g), number of fruits, dry mass (g), foliar area, leaf area ratio (RAF) (AFP), leaf specific weight (PEF), amount of water in the aerial part (QAPA) and leaf area index (LAI). The cultivar Casca dura Ikeda presented satisfactory results, referring to the characteristics evaluated in the climatic conditions of the municipality of Paragominas. Regarding the substrate performance, the cultivar Casca Dura Ikeda presented better yield in the substrate soy residue. KEYWORDS: Alternate substrate, Capsicum annuum, Organic waste.El pimiento (Capsicum annuum L.) es una de las diez hortalizas de mayor importancia económica e n el mercado brasileño. El uso de sustrato para la producción de pimiento, es una alternativa, para uso intensivo suelos. Y dimensión de las enfermedades de suelo que afectan la producción de esas hortalizas. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar el índice morfofisiológico y la producción de pimiento en diferentes sustratos alternativos en el municipio de Paragominas, Pará. El experimento fue realizado en la Universidad Federal Rural de la Amazonia, utilizando delineamiento experimental en esquema factorial 5x2, con dos cultivares, Siendo 5 sustrato y dos cultivares, siendo los sustratos: 1 - testigo; 2 - Residuo de soja; 3 - paja de arroz; 4 - Tierra negra; 5 - Tierra negra + Paja de arroz + Residuo de soja, y los cultivares cáscara dura Ikeda y Rubí Gigante y cuatro repeticiones. Con medias comparadas por el test de Tukey al 1% de probabilidad. Se evaluaron las características altura de plantas (cm), diámetro de cuello (mm), masa fresca (g), cantidad de frutos, masa seca (g), área foliar, Promedios de la Razón de Área Foliar (RAF), Razón de Peso de las hojas (RPF), Área Foliar específica (AFE), Peso específico foliar (PEF), Cantidad de agua en la parte aérea (QAPA) e Índice de área foliar (IAF). La cultivar Casca dura Ikeda presentó resultados satisfactorios, referentes a las características evaluadas en las condiciones climáticas del municipio de Paragominas. En relación al desempeño del sustrato, la cultivar Casca Dura Ikeda presentó mejor rendimiento en el sustrato residuo de soja.PALABRAS CLAVE: Capsicum annuum, Residuos orgânicos, Sustrato alternativo.O pimentão (Capsicum annuum L.) é uma das dez hortaliças de maior importância econômica no mercado brasileiro. O uso de substrato para produção de pimentão, é uma alternativa, para uso intensivo dos solos, em casa de vegetação. E diminuição das doenças de solos que afetam a produção dessa hortaliça em ambiente protegido. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar os índices morfofisiológicos e a produção de pimentão em diferentes substratos alternativos, no município de Paragominas, Pará. O experimento foi realizado na Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, utilizando delineamento experimental em esquema fatorial 5x2, sendo 5 substratos e duas cultivares, sendo os substratos: 1 - testemunha; 2 - Resíduo de soja; 3 - palha de arroz; 4 - Terra preta; 5 - Terra preta + Palha de arroz + Resíduo de soja, e as cultivares casca dura Ikeda e Rubi Gigante e quatro repetições. As médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 1% de probabilidade. Foram avaliadas as características altura de plantas (cm), diâmetro de colo (mm), massa fresca (g), quantidade de frutos, massa seca (g), área foliar, Médias da Razão de Área Foliar (RAF), Razão de Peso das Folhas (RPF), Área Foliar Específica (AFE), Peso específico foliar (PEF), Quantidade de água na parte aérea (QAPA) e Índice de área foliar (IAF). A cultivar Casca dura Ikeda apresentou resultados satisfatórios, referentes às características avaliadas nas condições climáticas do município de Paragominas. Em relação ao desempenho do substrato, a cultivar Casca Dura Ikeda apresentou melhor rendimento no substrato resíduo de soja.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Capsicum annuum, Resíduos orgânicos, Substrato alternativo

Optical Properties And Antiangiogenic Activity Of A Chalcone Derivate

Chalcones and their derivatives exhibit numerous pharmacological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxic, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory. Recently, they have been assessed aiming for novel application in nonlinear optics and in the treatment of immune diseases and cancers. In this study, we investigate the optical properties of synthetic chalcona 1E,4E-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl)penta-1,4-dien-3-one (CAB7β) and its antiangiogenic potential using the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) with the S180 sarcoma cell line. Experimental and theoretical results show intense absorption in the UVA-UVC region, which is associated with a π → π* transition with intramolecular charge transfer from the trimethyl-cyclohexen-1-yl ring to the chlorophenyl ring. Quantum chemical calculations of the first hyperpolarizability, accounting for both solvent and frequency dispersion effects, are in very good concordance with hyper-Rayleigh scattering measurements. In addition, two-photon absorption allowed band centered at 650 nm was observed. Concerning antiangiogenic activity, CAB7β causes a significant reduction in the total number, junctions, length and caliber of blood vessels stimulated by S180 cells reducing the presence of blood vessels, inflammatory cells and others elements related to angiogenic process. It is found that CAB7β is a versatile compound and a promising candidate for linear and nonlinear optical applications, in therapy against sarcoma and phototherapy

COMPOSICIÓN FLORÍSTICA Y FITOSSOCIOLOGÍA DE PLANTAS ESPONTÁNEAS EN PASTAJES DO GÉNERO BRACHIARIA (Syn. Urochloa) EN NORDESTE PARAENSE

RESUMO: O sucesso de programas de manejo de plantas espontâneas depende do conhecimento das características biológicas e ecológicas das mesmas. Desta forma esta pesquisa tem como objetivo caracterizar a composição florística e fitossociologia em populações de plantas espontâneas em ecossistemas de pastagens cultivadas a mais de dez anos, no município de Ipixuna do Pará, Nordeste Paraense, considerando-se três espécies de gramíneas (Brachiaria (Syn. Urochloa) humidicola, Brachiaria (Syn. Urochloa) brizantha cv. Marandu e Brachiaria (Syn. Urochloa) decumbens cv. Basilisk). Os estudos foram conduzidos no Município de Ipixuna do Pará, região nordeste paraense. Para este estudo foi aplicado o método do quadrado inventário na sequência fez-se a identificação e contagem das plantas, e posteriormente realizou-se a identificação através de literatura especializada e comparações com herbários virtuais.  O Índices de similaridade de Sörensen (ISS) foi expresso em porcentagem, sendo máximo (100%) quando todas as espécies são comuns às duas áreas e mínimo (0%) quando não há espécies comuns. Constatou-se que a composição florística na pastagem de B. (Syn. Urochloa) humidicola, foram identificados, 10 famílias, 12 gêneros e 12 espécies de plantas espontâneas, em B. (Syn. Urochloa) brizantha cv. Marandu, foram ideficados, 12 famílias, 15 gêneros e 16 espécies, enquanto que no ecossistemas com B. (Syn. Urochloa) decumbens cv. Basilisk, foram encontrados 13 famílias, 24 gêneros e 25 espécies. O maior índice de similaridade foi entre os ecossistemas B. (Syn. Urochloa) humidicola e B. (Syn. Urochloa) brizantha, enquanto que o menor foi entre os ecossistemas B. (Syn. Urochloa) decumbens e B. (Syn. Urochloa) humidicola.PALAVRA-CHAVE:  Comunidade infestante, Ecossistemas, Índice de similaridade. ABSTRACT: The success of programs of management of spontaneous plants depends on the knowledge of their biological and ecological characteristics. The objective of this research was to characterize the floristic composition and phytosociology in spontaneous plant populations in pasture ecosystems cultivated more than ten years, in the municipality of Ipixuna do Pará, Northeast of Paraense, considering three species of grasses (Brachiaria (Syn. Urochloa) humidicola, Brachiaria (Syn. Urochloa) brizantha cv. Marandu and Brachiaria (Syn. Urochloa) decumbens cv. Basilisk). The studies were conducted in the Municipality of Ipixuna do Pará, northeastern region of Para. For this study was applied the square inventory. Afterwards the identification and counting of the plants were carried, and later identification was made through specialized literature and comparisons with virtual herbaria. The Sörensen Similarity Index (ISS) was expressed in percentage, being maximum (100%) when all species are common to both areas and minimum (0%) when there are no common species. It was verified that the floristic composition in the pasture of B. (Syn. Urochloa) humidicola, were identified, 10 families, 12 genera and 12 species of spontaneous plants, in B. (Syn. Urochloa) brizantha cv. Marandu, 12 families, 15 genera and 16 species were idealized, while in the ecosystems with B. (Syn. Urochloa) decumbens cv. Basilisk, 13 families, 24 genera and 25 species were found. The highest index of similarity was between the ecosystems B. (Syn. Urochloa) humidicola and B. (Syn. Urochloa) brizantha, while the smaller one was between the ecosystems B. (Syn. Urochloa) decumbens and B. (Syn. Urochloa) humidicola.KEYWORDS: Ecosystems, Index of similarity, Weed community. RESUMEN: El éxito de programas de manejo de plantas espontáneas depende del conocimiento de las características biológicas y ecológicas de las mismas. De esta forma esta investigación tiene como objetivo caracterizar la composición florística y fitosociología en poblaciones de plantas espontáneas en ecosistemas de pastos cultivados a más de diez años, en el municipio de Ipixuna do Pará, Nordeste Paraense, considerando tres especies de gramíneas (Brachiaria (Syn. Urochloa) humidicola, Brachiaria (Syn. Urochloa) brizantha cv. Marandu y Brachiaria (Syn. Urochloa) decumbens cv. Basilisk). Los estudios fueron conducidos en el Municipio de Ipixuna do Pará, región nordeste paraense. Para este estudio se aplicó el método del cuadrado inventario. En la secuencia se hizo la identificación y conteo de las plantas, y posteriormente se realizó la identificación a través de literatura especializada y comparaciones con herbarios virtuales. El índice de similitud de Sörensen (ISS) fue expresado en porcentaje, siendo máximo (100%) cuando todas las especies son comunes a las dos áreas y mínimo (0%) cuando no hay especies comunes. Se constató que la composición florística en el pastoreo de B. (Syn. Urochloa) humidicola, fueron identificados, 10 familias, 12 géneros y 12 especies de plantas espontáneas, en B. (Syn. Urochloa) brizantha cv. Marandu, fueron idealizados, 12 familias, 15 géneros y 16 especies, mientras que en los ecosistemas con B. (Syn. Urochloa) decumbens cv. Basilisk, se encontraron 13 familias, 24 géneros y 25 especies. El mayor índice de semejanza fue entre los ecosistemas B. (Syn. Urochloa) humidicola y B. (Syn. Urochloa) brizantha, mientras que el menor fue entre los ecosistemas B. (Syn. Urochloa) decumbens y B. (Syn. Urochloa) humidicola.PALABRA CLAVE: Comunidad infestante, Ecosistemas, Índice de similitud

Alterações gastrointestinais no Diabetes mellitus: revisão sistemática: Gastrointestinal alterations in Diabetes mellitus: a systematic review

Introdução: O diabetes mellitus pode levar a diversas alterações. Dentre elas, aquelas gastrointestinais, que acarretam inúmeros problemas ao indivíduo e sua qualidade de vida. Destaca-se, então, que compreender essas alterações constitui-se como de grande importância para que auxilie o indivíduo em sua vida cotidiana. Assim, questionando acerca das alterações gastrointestinais no diabetes mellitus, realizou-se o estudo. Objetivo: analisar através da literatura atual as alterações gastrointestinais no diabetes mellitus. Método: revisão sistemática de literatura, através da busca nas bases de dados National Library of Medicine (Medline) e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), utilizando-se os descritores em Saúde (DeCS), Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) e Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde (BVS), como: Diabetes Mellitus, Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes Mellitus type 1, Diabetes Mellitus type 2, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Gut Microbiota, Gastrointestinal Tract, GI Tract, Lower Gastrointestinal Tract, Upper Gastrointestinal Tract. Resultado: A amostra final do estudo foi composta por 10 artigos científicos, nos quais se evidenciou que além de afetar a qualidade de vida dos indivíduos, as alterações gastrointestinais no diabetes ocasiona diversas complicações. Assim, para auxílio deste indivíduo torna-se fundamental a manutenção de um bom controle glicêmico. Conclusão: Os artigos remeteram a necessidade de novos estudos sobre a temática, principalmente quanto a fisiopatologia, diagnóstico e tratamento das alterações gastrointestinais