Chemical management of sourgrass with mixture of herbicides in areas under no-tillage system

The sourgrass [Digitaria insularis (L.) Fedde] is a native species of the Americas found in tropical and subtropical regions, the difficulty in controlling Digitaria insularis with the herbicide Glyphosate generates the need to use other herbicides for an adequate management of the species. Therefore, the objective of the present work was to evaluate whether mixtures of herbicides, such as glyphosate; 2,4-D and Cletodim interfere with the effectiveness of controlling bitter campuses. The experiment was carried out in Ponta Porã (Mato Grosso do Sul State), the experimental design was randomized blocks, where the Digitaria insularis specimens present in each plot had 3 to 5 tillers, with 30 to 40 cm in height, the treatments used were control without weeding, weeding control, 1,800 g ha-1 ai of glyphosate + 10 mL of mineral oil, 240 g ha-1 of ai of clethodim + 10 mL of mineral oil (MO), 670 g ha-1 of ai of 2,4-D + 10 mL of MO, 240 g ha-1 of ai of Cletodim + 1,800 g ha-1 of ai of glyphosate + 10 mL of MO, 240 g of ha-1 of ai of Cletodim + 670 g of ha-1 of ai of 2.4-D + 10 mL of MO, 240 g ha-1 of ai of Cletodim + 1,800 g ha-1 of ai of glyphosate + 670 g ha-1 of ai of 2.4-D + 10 mL of MO. A precision CO2 sprayer was used, equipped with AIXR 110015 fan-type simple flat jet nozzles. The evaluations were carried out at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after application. for the control of sourgrass, the treatments 6 (240 g ha-1 of ai of cletodim + 1,680 g ha-1 of ai of glyphosate + 10 mL of mineral oil) and treatment 8 (240 g ha-1 of ai of clethodim + 1,680 g ha-1 of glyphosate ae + 806 g ha-1 of 2,4-D ae + 10 mL of mineral oil), respectively, with better scores in visual control

Aplicação da simulação a eventos discretos em um pronto-socorro de um hospital regional: Application of the discrete event simulation in a emergency departament of a regional hospital

Nas últimas três décadas houve avanços no desenvolvimento de modelos de simulação computacional para resolver problemas de serviços hospitalares (SH) ineficientes, sobretudo no que tange a utilização adequada dos recursos escassos e redução do tempo de espera, não somente da avaliação médica, mas também da classificação de risco, processo essencial na priorização e redirecionamento do usuário. A alta demanda por serviços hospitalares atingiu níveis sem precedentes, recentemente, devido à indisponibilidade de leitos causado pela pandemia do COVID-19, sendo este fato uma ameaça a segurança do paciente. Neste contexto, o objetivo do presente artigo foi aplicar a simulação a eventos discretos (SED) em um pronto-socorro (PS) e propor melhorias para reduzir o tempo de permanência do paciente no processo de acolhimento do PS. Logo, uma implementação detalhada da abordagem foi demonstrada em um PS de um grande hospital regional, por meio do método da modelagem e simulação. Por fim, os resultados finais evidenciam de forma direta que o cenário II proposto é desejável, pois o número de atendimentos em 24 horas aumenta 43%, e o tempo médio de permanência do paciente diminui para aproximadamente 48 minutos

Antimicrobial and antiproliferative potential of Anadenanthera colubrina (vell.) Brenan

The aim of the present study was to perform an in vitro analysis of the antimicrobial and antiproliferative potential of an extract from Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan (angico) and chemically characterize the crude extract. Antimicrobial action was evaluated based on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration, and the inhibition of formation to oral biofilm. Cell morphology was determined through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Six strains of tumor cells were used for the determination of antiproliferative potential. The extract demonstrated strong antifungal activity against Candida albicans ATCC 18804 (MIC = 0.031 mg/mL), with similar activity found regarding the ethyl acetate fraction. The extract and active fraction also demonstrated the capacity to inhibit the formation of Candida albicans to oral biofilm after 48 hours, with median values equal to or greater than the control group, but the difference did not achieve statistical significance (P > 0.05). SEM revealed alterations in the cell morphology of the yeast. Regarding antiproliferative activity, the extract demonstrated cytostatic potential in all strains tested. The present findings suggest strong antifungal potential for Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan as well as a tendency toward diminishing the growth of human tumor cells.The aim of the present study was to perform an in vitro analysis of the antimicrobial and antiproliferative potential of an extract from Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan (angico) and chemically characterize the crude extract. Antimicrobial action was evaluated based on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration, and the inhibition of formation to oral biofilm. Cell morphology was determined through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Six strains of tumor cells were used for the determination of antiproliferative potential. The extract demonstrated strong antifungal activity against Candida albicans ATCC 18804 ( mg/mL), with similar activity found regarding the ethyl acetate fraction. The extract and active fraction also demonstrated the capacity to inhibit the formation of Candida albicans to oral biofilm after 48 hours, with median values equal to or greater than the control group, but the difference did not achieve statistical significance . SEM revealed alterations in the cell morphology of the yeast. Regarding antiproliferative activity, the extract demonstrated cytostatic potential in all strains tested. The present findings suggest strong antifungal potential for Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan as well as a tendency toward diminishing the growth of human tumor cells201

Indutores de resistência abióticos no controle da fusariose do abacaxi

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of abiotic resistance inducers on the control of pineapple fusariosis (Fusarium guttiforme) in the pre‑harvest period, in an area with natural occurrence of the disease in the field, and to check for any physicochemical and biochemical changes in the fruits. The products tested were potassium phosphite, calcium phosphite, copper phosphite, Agro‑Mos, calcium silicate, Biopirol, and Bion sprayed on the field, at the dosages recommended by the manufacturers. Potassium phosphite, Biopirol, and copper phosphite were the most effective in reducing the incidence of pineapple fusariosis in the field, with 91.67%, 70.01%, and 67.68% of control, respectively. The physicochemical analyses showed that the treatments did not promote change in pH, total soluble solids, and total acidity of fruits, while, in biochemical analyses, only β‑1,3‑glucanase showed lower expression compared with the control (sterilized distilled water), except for the treatment with potassium phosphite. Therefore, foliar fertilization with potassium phosphite and copper phosphite, as well as the treatment with Biopirol, may aid in the control of pineapple fusariosis.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de indutores de resistência abióticos no controle da fusariose (Fusarium guttiforme) do abacaxizeiro na fase pré‑colheita, em área de ocorrência natural da doença, e verificar se promoveram alterações físico‑químicas e bioquímicas nos frutos. Os produtos testados foram fosfito de potássio, fosfito de cálcio, fosfito de cobre, Agro‑Mos, silicato de cálcio, Biopirol e Bion pulverizados em campo, nas dosagens recomendadas pelos fabricantes. Fosfito de potássio, Biopirol e fosfito de cobre foram os mais eficientes na redução da incidência da fusariose do abacaxizeiro em campo, com 91,67, 70,01 e 67,68% de controle, respectivamente. As análises físico‑químicas mostraram que os tratamentos não promoveram alteração no pH, nos sólidos solúveis totais e na acidez total dos frutos, enquanto, nas análises bioquímicas, apenas a β‑1,3‑glucanase apresentou menor atividade em relação à testemunha (água destilada esterilizada), com exceção do tratamento com fosfito de potássio. Assim, a adubação foliar com fosfito de potássio e fosfito de cobre, assim como o tratamento com o Biopirol, podem auxiliar no controle da fusariose do abacaxi

ENDOCARDITE INFECCIOSA: MECANISMOS, DIAGNÓSTICO E TRATAMENTO

Infective endocarditis is a complex and potentially serious cardiovascular condition characterized by inflammation of the endocardium, the inner layer of the heart. This inflammation is usually triggered by the presence of microorganisms, such as bacteria or fungi, that invade the cardiac surface. This infection can compromise valve functionality and lead to serious complications. Objectives: Comprehensively address the underlying mechanisms, effective diagnostic methods, and available treatment options. Methodology: Analytical reading of articles with the theme of the theme was carried out, upon reading the articles were subjected to inclusion and exclusion criteria, within the inclusion criteria original articles were considered, which addressed the topic researched and allowed full access to the content of the study, published from 2015 to 2023. The research was carried out through online access in the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), PubMed, Latin American Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS) in the month of January 2024. Results and Discussions: The mechanisms underlying infective endocarditis involve the colonization and invasion of microorganisms in the endocardium, triggering a local inflammatory response. Accurate identification of infectious agents is crucial, highlighting bacterial diversity and the importance of blood cultures to guide treatment. In terms of diagnosis, technological advances such as transesophageal echocardiography have played a significant role in the early detection of valve vegetations. However, the clinical complexity and challenges in patients with subtle manifestations highlight the continued need for improved diagnostic methods. Conclusion: Infective endocarditis is a serious condition that involves inflammation of the inner layer of the heart. Its mechanisms are often linked to the presence of bacteria in the blood. Diagnosis is challenging, but tests such as blood cultures and echocardiograms are essential. Treatment involves the use of long-term antibiotics and, in some cases, surgery. A multidisciplinary approach and prevention are crucial to effectively deal with this potentially lethal disease.A endocardite infecciosa é uma condição cardiovascular complexa e potencialmente grave, caracterizada pela inflamação do endocárdio, a camada interna do coração. Essa inflamação é, geralmente, desencadeada pela presença de microrganismos, como bactérias ou fungos, que invadem a superfície cardíaca. Essa infecção pode comprometer a funcionalidade valvar e levar a complicações sérias. Objetivo: Abordar de maneira abrangente os mecanismos subjacentes, os métodos de diagnóstico eficazes e as opções de tratamento disponíveis. Metodologia: Foi realizada a leitura analítica dos artigos com a temática proposta, mediante a leitura dos artigos foram submetidos a critérios de inclusão e de exclusão, dentre os de inclusão foram considerados artigos originais, que abordassem o tema pesquisado e permitissem acesso integral ao conteúdo do estudo, publicados no período de 2015 a 2023. A pesquisa foi realizada através do acesso online nas bases de Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), PubMed, Literatura Latino-Americana do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) no mês de janeiro de 2024. Resultados e Discussões: Os mecanismos subjacentes à endocardite infecciosa envolvem a colonização e a invasão de microrganismos no endocárdio, desencadeando uma resposta inflamatória local. A identificação precisa dos agentes infecciosos é crucial, destacando a diversidade bacteriana e a importância de culturas sanguíneas para orientar o tratamento. No âmbito do diagnóstico, avanços tecnológicos como a ecocardiografia transesofágica têm desempenhado um papel significativo na detecção precoce de vegetações valvares. No entanto, a complexidade clínica e os desafios em pacientes com manifestações sutis ressaltam a necessidade contínua de métodos diagnósticos aprimorados. Conclusão: A endocardite infecciosa é uma condição grave que envolve a inflamação da camada interna do coração,os seus mecanismos estão ligados, frequentemente, à presença de bactérias no sangue. O diagnóstico é desafiador, mas exames como hemoculturas e ecocardiogramas são fundamentais. O tratamento envolve o uso de antibióticos de longa duração e, em alguns casos, cirurgia. A abordagem multidisciplinar e a prevenção são cruciais para lidar, eficazmente, com essa doença potencialmente letal

Temporal patterns of cytokine and injury biomarkers in hospitalized COVID-19 patients treated with methylprednisolone

BackgroundThe novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presents with complex pathophysiological effects in various organ systems. Following the COVID-19, there are shifts in biomarker and cytokine equilibrium associated with altered physiological processes arising from viral damage or aggressive immunological response. We hypothesized that high daily dose methylprednisolone improved the injury biomarkers and serum cytokine profiles in COVID-19 patients.MethodsInjury biomarker and cytokine analysis was performed on 50 SARS-Cov-2 negative controls and 101 hospitalized severe COVID-19 patients: 49 methylprednisolone-treated (MP group) and 52 placebo-treated serum samples. Samples from the treated groups collected on days D1 (pre-treatment) all the groups, D7 (2 days after ending therapy) and D14 were analyzed. Luminex assay quantified the biomarkers HMGB1, FABP3, myoglobin, troponin I and NTproBNP. Immune mediators (CXCL8, CCL2, CXCL9, CXCL10, TNF, IFN-γ, IL-17A, IL-12p70, IL-10, IL-6, IL-4, IL-2, and IL-1β) were quantified using cytometric bead array.ResultsAt pretreatment, the two treatment groups were comparable demographically. At pre-treatment (D1), injury biomarkers (HMGB1, TnI, myoglobin and FABP3) were distinctly elevated. At D7, HMGB1 was significantly higher in the MP group (p=0.0448) compared to the placebo group, while HMGB1 in the placebo group diminished significantly by D14 (p=0.0115). Compared to healthy control samples, several immune mediators (IL-17A, IL-6, IL-10, MIG, MCP-1, and IP-10) were considerably elevated at baseline (all p≤0.05). At D7, MIG and IP-10 of the MP-group were significantly lower than in the placebo-group (p=0.0431, p=0.0069, respectively). Longitudinally, IL-2 (MP-group) and IL-17A (placebo-group) had increased significantly by D14. In placebo group, IL-2 and IL-17A continuously increased, as IL-12p70, IL-10 and IP-10 steadily decreased during follow-up. The MP treated group had IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-17A and IL-12p70 progressively increase while IL-1β and IL-10 gradually decreased towards D14. Moderate to strong positive correlations between chemokines and cytokines were observed on D7 and D14.ConclusionThese findings suggest MP treatment could ameliorate levels of myoglobin and FABP3, but appeared to have no impact on HMGB1, TnI and NTproBNP. In addition, methylprednisolone relieves the COVID-19 induced inflammatory response by diminishing MIG and IP-10 levels. Overall, corticosteroid (methylprednisolone) use in COVID-19 management influences the immunological molecule and injury biomarker profile in COVID-19 patients

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A ética do silêncio racial no contexto urbano: políticas públicas e desigualdade social no Recife, 1900-1940

Mais de meio século após o preconceito racial ter se tornado o principal alvo dos movimentos urbanos pelos direitos civis nos Estados Unidos e na África do Sul, e décadas depois do surgimento dos movimentos negros contemporâneos no Brasil, o conjunto de ferramentas legislativas criado no Brasil para promover o direito à cidade ainda adere à longa tradição brasileira de silêncio acerca da questão racial. Este artigo propõe iniciar uma exploração das raízes históricas desse fenômeno, remontando ao surgimento do silêncio sobre a questão racial na política urbana do Recife, Brasil, durante a primeira metade do século XX. O Recife foi eé um exemplo paradigmático do processo pelo qual uma cidade amplamente marcada por traços negros e africanos chegou a ser definida política e legalmente como um espaço pobre, subdesenvolvido e racialmente neutro, onde as desigualdades sociais originaram na exclusão capitalista, e não na escravidão e nas ideologias do racismo científico. Neste sentido, Recife lança luzes sobre a política urbana que se gerou sob a sombra do silêncio racial.More than half a century after racial prejudice became central to urban civil rights movements in the United States and South Africa, and decades after the emergence of Brazil’s contemporary Black movements, Brazil's internationally recognized body of rights-to-the-city legislation still adheres to the country's long historical tradition of racial silence. This article explores the historical roots of this phenomenon by focusing on the emergence of racial silence in Recife, Brazil during the first half of the 20th Century. Recife was and remains a paradigmatic example of the process through which a city marked by its Black and African roots came to be legally and politically defined as a poor, underdeveloped and racially neutral space, where social inequalities derived from capitalist exclusion rather than from slavery and scientific racism. As such, Recife'sexperience sheds light on the urban policies that were generated in the shadow of racial silence