Chemtrails impact on the environment and human brains

Humans have undeniably affected the atmosphere and air quality of our planet. However, because most gasses are invisible to the human eye, it can be hard to physically see some of the changes we've brought about. Smog, exhaust from cars and trucks and smoke from chimneys and fires are a few of the visible signs, but one of the most intriguing visual manifestation of how we've changed the atmosphere are the jet trails left behind by airplanes. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3086

Surface plasmon peak intensity dependence on the oxygen coverage at metal surfaces

The dependence of the surface plasmon peak intensity on a submonolayer coverage of oxygen in the reflection electron energy loss spectra has been investigated for non-monocrystalline aluminium, magnesium, and indium surfaces. It will be shown that the decrease of the surface plasmon peaks can be related to a modification of the surface plasmons dispersion relation. A simple model for this modification introduced by changes of the surface electron density profile is proposed. Parameters of this model will be determined from experimental data

Hidden electronic rule in the "cluster-plus-glue-Atom" model

Electrons and their interactions are intrinsic factors to affect the structure and properties of materials. Based on the “cluster-cluster-plus-glue-atom” model, an electron counting rule for complex metallic alloys (CMAs) has been revealed in this work (i. e. the CPGAMEC rule). Our results on the cluster structure and electron concentration of CMAs with apparent cluster features, indicate that the valence electrons’ number per unit cluster formula for these CMAs are specific constants of eight-multiples and twelve-multiples. It is thus termed as specific electrons cluster formula. This CPGAMEC rule has been demonstrated as a useful guidance to direct the design of CMAs with desired properties, while its practical applications and underlying mechanism have been illustrated on the basis of CMAs’ cluster structural features. Our investigation provides an aggregate picture with intriguing electronic rule and atomic structural features of CMAs

Operating wear of pipelines of the second circulation loop of WWER-1000 power units

Досліджено характер експлуатаційних ушкоджень трубопроводів теплообмінного устаткування другого контуру енергоблока ВВЕР-1000. Встановлено, що у ряді випадків труби зі сталі 20 (Ø32×4 мм) схильні до інтенсивного ерозійно-корозійного зношування, причиною чого можуть бути турбулентні потоки теплоносія, що виникають на згинах трубопроводів і виступах зварних з’єднань. Розглянуто також ушкодження трубопроводу зі сталі 20 (Ø325×13 мм). У трубопроводі зі сталі 08Х18Н10Т (Ø25×2 мм) ушкодження мають вигляд наскрізних зімкнених тріщин невеликої протяжності. Ушкодження носять локальний характер і за усіма ознаками зумовлені корозійним розтріскуванням під напруженням.Corrosion damage in the pipe system of the second circulation loop is one of the problems of long-term operation of NPP with WWER-1000 power units. Subject of the research were flat spiral pipe elements (SFPE) made of steel 20, 32×4 mm, used in high-pressure heater; pipe-line 325×13 was made of steel 20 and pipe elements of heat exchangers 25×2 mm were made of corrosion-resistant steel of austenitic class 08Cr18Ni10Ti. The performed investigations have testified that SFPE pipes (32×4mm) in the medium of the second circulation loop are subjected to the intense erosive-corrosive wear. The reason of this phenomenon is the turbulent flows of heat-transfer agent caused by the wrong groove weld connecting SFPE and tailpress. Formation of through crack was revealed on the pipeline 325×13 mm made of steel 20 without substantial erosion of the metal. Cracking has occurred on the area of tap for 90o in front of controller. Impact tests of longitudinal and transverse specimens testified the presence of anisotropy of mechanical properties of the metal. Metallographic examination revealed the presence of fibrous structure. Os the whole mechanical and metallographic properties of steel meet the specification. The reason of the crack formation was likely to be the combination of factors: overspecified operation loads and presence of corrosive component. Erosion wear of the metal was not revealed in the pipeline 25×2 mm produced of steel 08Cr18Ni10Ti. In this case the operating damages are like through closed cracks of small extent. Damages are local and are caused by the corrosion cracking under stress

Модифікація дистрибутивних функцій відбивної здатності поверхні

Запропоновані  нові  модифікації  найбільш  поширених  двонаправлених  функцій  відбивної  здатності поверхонь, які покращують характеристики базових моделей

Ground-based acoustic parametric generator impact on the atmosphere and ionosphere in an active experiment

We develop theoretical basics of active experiments with two beams of acoustic waves, radiated by a ground-based sound generator. These beams are transformed into atmospheric acoustic gravity waves (AGWs), which have parameters that enable them to penetrate to the altitudes of the ionospheric E and F regions where they influence the electron concentration of the ionosphere. Acoustic waves are generated by the ground-based parametric sound generator (PSG) at the two close frequencies. The main idea of the experiment is to design the output parameters of the PSG to build a cascade scheme of nonlinear wave frequency downshift transformations to provide the necessary conditions for their vertical propagation and to enable penetration to ionospheric altitudes. The PSG generates sound waves (SWs) with frequencies f1 = 600 and f2 = 625 Hz and large amplitudes (100-420ms-1). Each of these waves is modulated with the frequency of 0.016 Hz. The novelty of the proposed analytical-numerical model is due to simultaneous accounting for nonlinearity, diffraction, losses, and dispersion and inclusion of the two-stage transformation (1) of the initial acoustic waves to the acoustic wave with the difference frequency Δf = f2 - f1 in the altitude ranges 0-0.1 km, in the strongly nonlinear regime, and (2) of the acoustic wave with the difference frequency to atmospheric acoustic gravity waves with the modulational frequency in the altitude ranges 0.1-20 km, which then reach the altitudes of the ionospheric E and F regions, in a practically linear regime. AGWs, nonlinearly transformed from the sound waves, launched by the two-frequency ground-based sound generator can increase the transparency of the ionosphere for the electromagnetic waves in HF (MHz) and VLF (kHz) ranges. The developed theoretical model can be used for interpreting an active experiment that includes the PSG impact on the atmosphere-ionosphere system, measurements of electromagnetic and acoustic fields, study of the variations in ionospheric transparency for the radio emissions from galactic radio sources, optical measurements, and the impact on atmospheric aerosols. The proposed approach can be useful for better understanding the mechanism of the acoustic channel of seismo-ionospheric coupling