Evaluation of the current state of aquatic ecosystems and the problems of the protection of biological resources during development of kruzenshternskoye gcf

The results of studies of the current state of freshwater ecosystems and their biotic components in the western part of the Yamal Peninsula are presented in the article. Based on the evaluation of the structure of communities of phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthos, and whitefishes, the range of problems related to the protection of biological resources during the development of the Kruzenshternskoye gas field is defined. The data on species composition and quantitative indicators of hydrobionts of different types of waterbodies and watercourses in the lower reaches of the Mordyyakha and Naduyyakha Rivers basins is the basis for environmental monitoring of water objects during development and exploitation of the Kruzenshternskoye gas field. Estimation of the fish fauna state and their food base in the territory of the Kruzenshternskoye GCF according to the monitoring program is present. The river delta zones are the most important feeding areas of the salmonid and whitefishes valuable fish species in the territory of Kruzenshternskoye GCF. In cases where water bodies and watercourses are not completely demolished for the construction of GCF facilities, changes of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of communities of hydrobionts after the end of operations are reversible. River ecosystems are restored within a shorter period of time in comparison to lacustrine ones. Proposals for the protection of fisheries resources and monitoring of aquatic ecosystems on the basis of comprehensive studies are reported. Recommendations on reducing the anthropogenic impact on aquatic ecosystems in the development period are present. The results of the investigation were used in the development of the environmental protection part of the Kruzenshternskoye deposit project. Anthropogenic disturbances present now on the gas deposit territory of Kruzenshternskoye does not influence the aquatic ecosystems.The article have been prepared within the Project of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences № 12-P-47-2013 and "The Arctic" Project of the Presidium of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences № 12-4-3-012

Вивчення нанорозмірних плівок золота методом скануючої тунельної мікроскопії

It was shown that despite the difference in the morphology of thin gold films obtained by different methods and on different substrates, the films mainly consist of spherical nanoparticles. The linear dimensions of individual surface objects were determined using the example of a gold film on mica. Analysis of the surface morphology showed that its structural formations are evenly distributed and have sizes from 250 nm to 500 nm. Upon receipt of gold nanofilms by magnetron sputtering on a glass substrate, the size of individual gold nanoparticles ranges from 20 nm to 80 nm. When ion spraying on a substrate of polished monocrystalline silicon, the size of individual gold nanoparticles ranges from 2 nm to 10 nm. The union of individual nanoparticles into large elongated nanoobjects up to 20-40 nm in size is observed. Thus, having the opportunity to compare data on the mode of vacuum deposition (substrate temperature, beam density, deposition time, etc.), as well as surface relief, you can develop technologies for obtaining a surface with a given set of properties, as well as develop new methods of gold deposition on different surfaces. The obtained results are very important for application in biology and medicine. They make it possible to create different types of sensors and diagnostic tests. Pages of the article in the issue: 42 - 45 Language of the article: UkrainianУ роботі вивчали морфологію поверхні тонких золотих металевих плівок на слюдяній підкладці за допомогою скануючого тунельного мікроскопа. Наведено результати дослідження структури наночастинок золота на поверхні скла та полірованого монокристалічного кремнію, отриманих різними методами напилення. Визначено характерні лінійні розміри рельєфу поверхні. Показано, що незважаючи на різницю в морфології тонких золотих плівок, отриманих різними методами та на різних підкладках, плівки в основному складаються із сферичних наночастинок. Таким чином, маючи дані про режим розпилення у вакуумі, а також про рельєф поверхні, можна отримати поверхню з заданим набором властивостей

Back-scattering and neutralization coefficients of nitrogen ions on iron surface

The coefficients of back-scattering and neutralization of nitrogen ions (N⁺) on iron surface during ion bombardment at the processes of ion sputtering and niriding have been calculated using TRIM code. The pure iron target and two-element targets, Fe+Mo (1 and 5%), Fe+W (1 and 5%), were tested. The ion energy was from 0.1 to 70 keV. The ions N+ are considered to be back-scattering in the form of energetic N atoms. The calculations showed the back-scattering and neutralization coefficients are tens of percent for low energies N⁺ ions and several percent for energies of tens kiloelectron-volts. The average penetration depth of the ions into the Fe target and the ion sputtering coefficients are calculated, too.Коефіцієнти зворотного розсіювання та нейтралізації іонів азоту на поверхні заліза під час іонного бомбардування у процесах іонного розпилення та азотування були розраховані за допомогою програми TRIM. Випробовували мішень із чистого заліза та двоелементні мішені Fe+Mo (1 та 5 %), Fe+W (1 та 5 %). Енергія іонів становила від 0,1 до 70 кеВ. Вважалося, що іони N⁺ розсіюються назад у формі енергетичних атомів N. Розрахунки показують, що коефіцієнти зворотного розсіювання та нейтралізації складають десятки відсотків для низькоенергетичних іонів N⁺ і кілька відсотків для енергій у десятки кілоелектронвольт. Також розраховано середню глибину проникнення іонів азоту в Fe-мішень та коефіцієнти іонного розпилення

Фізико-механічні характеристики нанокомпозційниих матеріалів на основі фторопласту

In this work, the elastic and strength properties of polymer composites with a polytrifluorochlorethylene matrix and a thermally expanded graphite filler were evaluated by the nanoindentation method, and the effect of the dispersion and concentration of the filler on the mechanical characteristics of nanocomposite materials was considered. It is shown that the microhardness of nanocomposite materials decreases with increasing filler concentration. An increase in the microhardness and Young's modulus with the growth of filler particles was observed for nanocomposite materials with a filler concentration of 3 vol.%. As for nanocomposite materials with a filler volume fraction of 10 vol.%, similar behavior of the mechanical characteristics was observed with an increase in the dispersion of thermally expanded graphite particles to 180 μm. A subsequent increase in the average particle size of thermally expanded graphite leads to a decrease in Young's modulus and microhardness of composites, which may be associated with different degrees of polymer structuring and the formation of different orientational orders from the filler. The observed changes in Young's modulus and H/E ratio indicate a change in the amorphous crystalline behavior of the composite to that characteristic of fine-crystalline materials and depends on the dispersion of thermally expanded graphite. Pages of the article in the issue: 107 - 110 Language of the article: UkrainianУ даній роботі методом наноіндентування було проведено оцінку пружних і міцнісних властивостей полімерних композитів з політрифторхлоретиленовою матрицею і наповнювачем з термічно розширеного графіту. Розглянуто вплив дисперсності і концентрації наповнювача на механічні характеристики нанокомпозиційних матеріалів. Показано, що мікротвердість нанокомпозиційних матеріалів зменшується зі збільшенням концентрації наповнювача. Спостережувані при цьому зміни модуля Юнга і співвідношення H/E свідчать про зміну аморфно кристалічної поведінки композиту до такої, що характерна дрібнокристалічним матеріалам в залежності від дисперсності розширеного графіту

Pathogenetic mechanisms of pediatric appendicular peritonitis

В структурі хірургічних захворювань перитоніт у дітей посідає провідне місце не тільки за частотою виявлення, а й за тяжкістю перебігу та частотою ускладнень, спричинених, насамперед, морфофункціональними особливостями органів черевної порожнини, порушенням гемостазу, перебігом запальних і адаптивних реакцій, тяжкістю ендогенної інтоксикації, метаболічними розладами та ймовірністю надмірного інтраабдомінального спайкоутворення. В літературі широко висвітлені питання діагностики й лікування дітей з гнійними процесами у черевній порожнині, проте, розвиток сучасної науки й накопичення нових знань спонукають знов звернутися до цієї проблеми з огляду на їх патофізіологічні особливості

Experience of treatment of children, suffering postoperative intraabdominal infiltrates

Objective. Raising of the treatment efficacy for postoperative intraabdominal infiltrates (PII) in children, using the elaborated program of complex treatment. Маterials and methods. Experience of treatment of 150 children, suffering PII, was accumulated. Comparative analysis of efficacy for the elaborated program of complex treatment was conducted. Results. There was established, that the elaborated program of the PII complex stationary treatment guarantees good result in 83.0% of children. Application of intramedia potentiated antibioticotherapy together with endorectal anti-inflammatory therapy in children, suffering PII, caused the shortening of terms for the main clinical signs elimination by 5 - 8 days, аnd for the stationary stay of the patients - by 6 - 8 days. Conclusion. Introduction of the elaborated program of complex stationary treatment have lowered the abscess formation rate for PII in children in 4.4 times, аnd application of primary laparoscopy - in 1.3 – 1.7 times

Competition of Mesoscales and Crossover to Tricriticality in Polymer Solutions

We show that the approach to asymptotic fluctuation-induced critical behavior in polymer solutions is governed by a competition between a correlation length diverging at the critical point and an additional mesoscopic length-scale, the radius of gyration. Accurate light-scattering experiments on polystyrene solutions in cyclohexane with polymer molecular weights ranging from 200,000 up to 11.4 million clearly demonstrate a crossover between two universal regimes: a regime with Ising asymptotic critical behavior, where the correlation length prevails, and a regime with tricritical theta-point behavior determined by a mesoscopic polymer-chain length.Comment: 4 pages in RevTeX with 4 figure

Lagrangian predictability of high-resolution regional models: the special case of the Gulf of Mexico

The Lagrangian prediction skill (model ability to reproduce Lagrangian drifter trajectories) of the nowcast/forecast system developed for the Gulf of Mexico at the University of Colorado at Boulder is examined through comparison with real drifter observations. Model prediction error (MPE), singular values (SVs) and irreversible-skill time (IT) are used as quantitative measures of the examination. Divergent (poloidal) and nondivergent (toroidal) components of the circulation attractor at 50m depth are analyzed and compared with the Lagrangian drifter buoy data using the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) decomposition and the measures, respectively. Irregular (probably, chaotic) dynamics of the circulation attractor reproduced by the nowcast/forecast system is analyzed through Lyapunov dimension, global entropies, toroidal and poloidal kinetic energies. The results allow assuming exponential growth of prediction error on the attractor. On the other hand, the <it>q</it>-th moment of MPE grows by the power law with exponent of 3<it>q</it>/4. The probability density function (PDF) of MPE has a symmetrical but non-Gaussian shape for both the short and long prediction times and for spatial scales ranging from 20km to 300km. The phenomenological model of MPE based on a diffusion-like equation is developed. The PDF of IT is non-symmetric with a long tail stretched towards large ITs. The power decay of the tail was faster than 2 for long prediction times

Scaling and Crossover to Tricriticality in Polymer Solutions

We propose a scaling description of phase separation of polymer solutions. The scaling incorporates three universal limiting regimes: the Ising limit asymptotically close to the critical point of phase separation, the "ideal-gas" limit for the pure-solvent phase, and the tricritical limit for the polymer-rich phase asymptotically close to the theta point. We have also developed a phenomenological crossover theory based on the near-tricritical-point Landau expansion renormalized by fluctuations. This theory validates the proposed scaled representation of experimental data and crossover to tricriticality.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure