614 research outputs found
De novo head and neck cancer after liver transplant with antibody-based immunosuppression induction
Background
Powerful antibody-based immunosuppression induction is now used routinely during organ transplantation, and may place patients at even higher risk of post-transplant cancer.
Materials and Methods
Incidence of de-novo head and neck cancer was extracted from the records of 1685 consecutive adult, deceased donor liver transplant recipients with a minimum 1-year follow-up from 2001 to 2015. There were 121 patients positively identified as having developed de-novo head and neck cancer post-liver transplant. Records of these patients were analyzed to determine demographics, history of cancer pre-liver transplant, de-novo cancer type and location, treatment modalities, and alcohol and tobacco exposure.
Results
Of the 121 patients who developed cancer of the head and neck (7%), there were 103 cutaneous (6%) and 25 non-cutaneous (1%). For non-cutaneous cancers, factors associated with increased risk of cancer included alcohol abuse (p<0.001), any smoking history (p=0.05), and increasing exposure to tobacco (p<0.01). Ten-year Cox regression patient survival demonstrates a survival disadvantage for patients who develop non-cutaneous cancer (p=0.06), but a survival advantage for patients who develop cutaneous cancer (p<0.01).
Conclusions
The incidence and pattern of head and neck cancer in this population of liver transplant patients was similar to those published previously, suggesting that induction immunosuppression does not increase risk of these types of cancers. Long term survival was worse for patients with non-cutaneous cancers, but better for those with cutaneous cancers, though the reason is unclear
Effects of Malting and Fermentation on the amount of reducing Sugars and Soluble Proteins and free Amino Acids in White Macia and Red Tannin Sorghum flour
The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of malting and fermentation methods on the amounts of sugars and proteins in food grade Macia and Red tannin sorghum flours. Measurements to determine the amounts of reducing sugars, soluble protein, and free amino acids, in sorghum flour samples were performed. Grain sorghum kernels (5.2kg) from each sorghum variety were cleaned and kernel hardness tested using Tangential Abrasive Decortication Device (TADD).Half of the kernels (2.6kg) were milled to get regular (Rg) flour samples and the other half (2.6kg) were malted and milled to get malted (mal).flour samples. About 300g of both regular (Rg) and malted (mal) flour samples from both sorghum cultivars (in duplicate) were fermented, dried and milled again to get regular and fermented (Rgfe) and malted and fermented (malfe) flour samples. Extracts were prepared for all (8) flour samples by weighing about 0.5g of flour into centrifuge tubes, then 10 ml of water was added, vortexes 3 times, boiled for 15min and then centrifuged at 5250 RCF for 10 min. The reducing sugars in the extracted material of the regular, fermented, malted and malted/fermented flours from both food grade white Macia and the red tannin sorghum samples were determined by the (DNS) colorimetric methods with glucose as the standard and the absorbance values were read at 540 mm (Miller, 1959).The quantitative measurement of free amino acids of the supernatant material from all flour samples from both the food grade white macia and red tannin sorghum samples were performed using the ninhydrin reaction (Plummer, 1978). The amounts of soluble proteins in the supernatant material were measured using the Lowry method (Lowry et al, 1951). Results showed an increase in reducing sugars, soluble proteins and free amino acids in the malted and fermented flour samples compared to the control or regular flour samples, respectively. Malting and fermentation resulted in increased amounts of reducing sugars, soluble proteins and free amino acids in both food grade Macia and Red tannins sorghum flour. Statistical analysis results showed a significant (p < 0.05) difference between malting and fermentation but no significant (p >0.05) difference between the two sorghum varieties (Macia and Red sorghum). Malting and fermentation may be used to improve the nutritional quality of sorghum food products
L’influence de la variable niveau socioculturel dans les formes d’adresse
En el presente artículo se
muestran los resultados obtenidos en un
estudio sobre la incidencia de la variable
nivel sociocultural en la elección de las formas
de tratamiento tú y usted en el español
peninsular actual. Para llevarlo a cabo,
en primer lugar se han estudiado las principales
características de esta compleja variable
sociolingüística y, a continuación,
se ha realizado una encuesta a una muestra
de un total de 190 estudiantes con edades
comprendidas entre los 18 y los 25
años residentes en la ciudad de Salamanca.
Para ello, se ha creado una encuesta
ad hoc que contiene distintas situaciones
comunicativas en las que se combinan
variables sociales y contextuales, de
acuerdo con la bibliografía especializada.
Los resultados se han procesado estadísticamente
y permiten observar el importante
papel que desempeña en la elección pronominal
el nivel sociocultural del interlocutor
y también –aunque en menor medida– el
del propio hablante.This article shows the
results obtained in a study about the
incidence of the social class variables
when choosing between the address
forms tú and usted in current peninsular
Spanish. In order to carry this
study out, the main characteristics of
this variable have been primarily
studied, and secondly, a survey was
given to a sample of 190 students
with ages between 18 and 25 years
old who reside in the city of Salamanca
(Spain). To do that, an ad hoc
survey has been created, containing
different communicative situations
that combine social and contextual
variables, according to the specialized
bibliography. The results have
been statistically processed and allow
us to observe the important role
that social class variables of the interlocutor,
but also –to a lesser extent–
of the speaker, take when
choosing one of the pronouns.Cet article présente les résultats
obtenus au cours d’une étude sur
l’incidence de la variable du niveau socioculturel
dans l’élection des formes
d’adresse tú et usted en espagnol péninsulaire
actuel. Pour réaliser l’étude,
nous avons présenté les caractéristiques
principales de cette complexe variable
sociolinguistique et, ensuite,
nous avons effectué une enquête sur un
total de 190 étudiants d’entre 18 et 25
ans qui résident à Salamanque (Espagne).
Pour ce faire, nous avons créé
une enquête ad hoc qui contient différentes
situations communicatives dans
lesquelles sont combinées variables sociales
et contextuelles, conformément à
la bibliographie spécialisée. Les résultats
ont été traités statistiquement et
permettent d’observer l’importance du
rôle du niveau socioculturel de l’interlocuteur
et du locuteur –à une moindre
échelle– dans l’élection pronominale
Decomposition of homogeneous polynomials with low rank
Let be a homogeneous polynomial of degree in variables defined
over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero and suppose that
belongs to the -th secant varieties of the standard Veronese variety
but that its minimal
decomposition as a sum of -th powers of linear forms is
with . We show that if then such a
decomposition of can be split in two parts: one of them is made by linear
forms that can be written using only two variables, the other part is uniquely
determined once one has fixed the first part. We also obtain a uniqueness
theorem for the minimal decomposition of if the rank is at most and a
mild condition is satisfied.Comment: final version. Math. Z. (to appear
Tunable Knot Segregation in Copolyelectrolyte Rings Carrying a Neutral Segment
We use Langevin dynamics simulations to study the knotting properties of copolyelectrolyte rings carrying neutral segments. We show that by solely tuning the relative length of the neutral and charged blocks, one can achieve different combinations of knot contour position and size. Strikingly, the latter is shown to vary nonmonotonically with the length of the neutral segment; at the same time, the knot switches from being pinned at the block's edge to becoming trapped inside it. Model calculations relate both effects to the competition between two adversarial mechanisms: the energy gain of localizing one or more of the knot's essential crossings on the neutral segment and the entropic cost of such localization. Tuning the length of the neutral segment sets the balance between the two mechanisms and hence the number of localized essential crossings, which in turn modulates the knot's size. This general principle ought to be useful in more complex systems, such as multiblock copolyelectrolytes, to achieve a more granular control of topological constraints
Tuning Knotted Copolyelectrolyte Conformations via Solution Properties
We used Langevin dynamics simulations to study coarse-grained knotted copolyelectrolytes, composed by a neutral and a charged segment, in solutions of different salt concentrations, valency, and solvent screening power. We show that the facile variation of these parameters allows for tuning the length and position of the knotted region, which in turn controls the overall metric properties. Specifically, adding either monovalent or divalent ions causes the knot to swell at the expense of the copolyelectrolyte overall size. However, the knot typically straddles the charged-neutral interface in the presence of monovalent counterions, whereas it is attracted on the charged segment with divalent ones. Notably, similar modulations of knot size and position can also be achieved by varying the dielectric constant of the solvent. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of harnessing the solution-mediated balance of electrostatics and conformational entropy toward a facile external tuning of the conformational properties of knotted polymers
Ground state and excitation dynamics in Ag doped helium clusters
We present a quantum Monte Carlo study of the structure and energetics of silver doped helium clusters AgHen for n up to 100. Our simulations show the first solvation shell of the Ag atom to include roughly 20 He atoms, and to possess a structured angular distribution. Moreover, the P-2(1/2)<--S-2(1/2) and P-2(3/2)<--S-2(1/2) electronic transitions of the embedded silver impurity have been studied as a function of the number of helium atoms. The computed spectra show a redshift for nless than or equal to15 and an increasing blueshift for larger clusters, a feature attributed to the effect of the second solvation shell of He atoms. For the largest cluster, the computed excitation spectrum is found in excellent agreement with the ones recorded in superfluid He clusters and bulk. No signature of the direct formation of the proposed AgHe2 exciplex is present in the computed spectrum of AgHe100. To explain the absence of the fluorescent D-2 line in the experiments, a relaxation mechanism between the P-2(3/2) and the P-2(1/2) states is proposed on the basis of the partial overlap of the excitation bands in the simulated spectra. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics
Thermodynamic properties of ammonia clusters (NH(3))(n) n=2-11: Comparing classical and quantum simulation results for hydrogen bonded species
Classical and quantum simulations of ammonia clusters in the dimer through the hendecamer range are performed using the stereographic projection path integral. Employing the most recent polarizable potential to describe intermolecular interactions, energetic and structural data obtained with our simulations provide support for a more fluxional or flexible nature at low temperature of the ammonia dimer, pentamer, and hexamer than in the other investigated species. The octamer and the hendecamer display a relatively strong melting peak in the classical heat capacity and a less intense but significant melting peak in the quantum heat capacity. The latter are shifted to lower temperature (roughly 15 and 40 K lower, respectively) by the quantum effects. The features present in both classical and quantum constant volume heat capacity are interpreted as an indication of melting even in the octamer case, where a large energy gap is present between its global minimum and second most stable species. We develop a first order finite difference algorithm to integrate the geodesic equations in the inertia ellipsoid generated by n rigid nonlinear bodies mapped with stereographic projections. We use the technique to optimize configurations and to explore the potential surface of the hendecamer
Tuturan Direktif dalam Novel Rembulan Tenggelam di Wajahmu Karya Tere Liye
Penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan fungsi tindak tutur direktif dalam novel Rembulan Tenggelam di Wajahmu karya Tere Liye dan mendeskripsikan strategi penutur menyampaikan maksud kepada petutur dalam tuturan direktif pada novel Rembulan Tenggelam di Wajahmu karya Tere Liye. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Data diperoleh menggunakan teknik baca dan teknik catat. Kemudian, data dianalisis dengan membaca teks tertulis terlebih dahulu kemudian mencatat bagian-bagian sesuai dengan permasalahan yang akan diteliti menggunakan buku kecil. Dari data yang diperoleh di dalam novel Rembulan Tenggelam di Wajahmu karya Tere Liye, fungsi tuturan direktif yang ditemukan antara lain tindak tutur direktif perintah yaitu fungsi memerintah, menyuruh, mengintruksikan, mengharuskan, memaksa, dan menyilakan. Tindak tutur direktif permintaan yaitu fungsi meminta, mengharap, memohon, dan menawarkan. Tindak tutur direktif ajakan yaitu fungsi mengajak, merayu, mendukung, dan mendesak. Tindak tutur direktif nasihat yaitu menasihati, menganjurkan, menyarankan, mengarahkan, menyerukan, dan mengingatkan. Tindak tutur direktif kritikan yaitu fungsi menyindir, mengumpat, mengecam, mengancam, dan marah. Tindak tutur direktif larangan yaitu fungsi melarang dan mencegah. Tindak tutur direktif pertanyaan yaitu fungsi menanyakan. dan tindak tutur direktif bujukan yaitu fungsi membujuk. Strategi yang digunakan dalam novel Rembulan Tenggelam di Wajahmu karya Tere Liye yaitu strategi tindak tutur langsung, tindak tutur langsung literal, dan tindak tutur langsung tidak literal
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