Desenvolvimento de um substituto cutâneo para o tratamento de feridas complexas e de grande extensão

Orientador: Prof. Dr. Roberto PontaroloCoorientadora: Profa. Dra. Daniela Florencio MalufTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas. Defesa : Curitiba, 01/10/2021Inclui referências: p. 81-104Resumo: Substitutos cutâneos são materiais que mimetizam a pele, e assim, aceleram o processo de cicatrização. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram desenvolver um substituto cutâneo a partir de um scaffold de nanofibras de quitosana, poli(álcool vinílico) e glicerina e também produzir nanopartículas e nanocápsulas contendo ativos cicatrizantes para serem incorporadas no produto final. Os polímeros utilizados foram caracterizados (Ressonância Magnética Nuclear, Espectroscopia no Infravermelho e Cromatografia por Exclusão de Tamanho) e a concentração inibitória mínima da quitosana foi determinada utilizando a técnica de microdiluição. Foram preparados 96 scaffolds por eletrofiação utilizando planejamento fatorial 2³, para avaliar a influência das variáveis independentes na morfologia das nanofibras (variável dependente). As variáveis independentes foram quitosana bruta e purificada, poli(álcool vinílico) de duas marcas diferentes, dois calibres de agulha diferentes, baixa e alta concentração dos polímeros e da glicerina, solução final com e sem ultrafiltração. As nanofibras obtidas apresentaram diferentes estruturas e espessuras. A amostra NF67 (obtida com: 2% m/m de CS2, 7% m/m de PVA1, 0,25 g de glicerina, temperatura 22,5 ºC, umidade 39%, vazão 28,5 µL.min-1 e tensão 14,0 kV) foi a que apresentou maior espessura média (268,3 nm), distribuição uniforme e alto rendimento. Nanopartículas de quitosana foram produzidas pelo método de gelificação ionotrópica, utilizando diferentes poliânions a fim de obter estruturas carregadas negativamente para aumentar a eficiência da encapsulação de proteínas carregadas positivamente, como o fator de crescimento fibroblástico básico. Partículas com diâmetro hidrodinâmico e potencial zeta de 123 nm e - 21 mV e 162 nm e - 29 mV foram obtidas como o uso do hexametafosfato e do polifosfato, respectivamente. Nanocápsulas de óleo essencial de lavanda foram obtidas pelo método de nanoprecipitação, apresentando diâmetro hidrodinâmico médio de aproximadamente 250 nm, potencial zeta de - 32 mV, com eficiência de encapsulação de 43,51% e ausência de citotoxicidade. Portanto, foi produzido um substituto cutâneo polimérico antimicrobiano, que pode ter seu efeito cicatrizante potencializado com a adição das nanopartículas contendo fator de crescimento fibroblástico básico e das nanocápsulas contendo óleo essencial de lavanda.Abstract: Skin substitutes are materials that mimic the skin, and thus accelerate the healing process. The objectives of this work were to develop a skin substitute from a nanofibrous scaffold of chitosan, poly(vinyl alcohol) and glycerin and to produce nanoparticles and nanocapsules containing healing actives to be incorporated into the final product. The polymers used were characterized (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Infrared Spectroscopy and Size Exclusion Chromatography) and the minimal inhibitory concentration activity of chitosan was determined using the microdilution technique. Were prepared 96 scaffolds by electrospinning using a 2³ factorial design to assess the influence of independent variables on the morphology of nanofibers (dependent variable). The independent variables were crude and purified chitosan, poly(vinyl alcohol) of two different brands, two different needle sizes, low and high concentration of polymers and glycerin, final dispersion with and without ultrafiltration. The nanofibers obtained had different structures and thicknesses. The NF67 sample (obtained with: 2% m/m CS2, 7% m/m PVA1, 0.25 g glycerin, temperature 22.5 ºC, humidity 39%, flow rate 28.5 µL.min-1 and voltage 14.0 kV) had the largest average thickness (268.3 nm), uniform distribution and high yield. Chitosan nanoparticles were produced by the ionotropic gelling method, using different polyanions in order to obtain negatively charged structures to increase the encapsulation efficiency of positively charged proteins, such as basic fibroblast growth factor. Particles with hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential of 123 nm and - 21 mV and 162 nm and - 29 mV were obtained using hexametaphosphate and polyphosphate, respectively. Lavender essential oil nanocapsules were obtained by the nanoprecipitation method, with a mean hydrodynamic diameter of approximately 250 nm, zeta potential of - 32, with an encapsulation efficiency of 43.51% and absence of cytotoxicity. Therefore, an antimicrobial polymeric skin substitute was produced, which can have its healing effect enhanced with the addition of basic fibroblast growth factor nanoparticles and lavender essential oil nanocapsules

Development and validation of an RP-HPLC/UV Method for Determination of Cholecalciferol in Polymeric Nanoparticles Suspensions / Desenvolvimento e validação de um método RP-HPLC/UV para determinação do Cholecalciferol em nanopartículas poliméricas Suspensões

A simple and effective RP-HPLC/UV method was developed to determine cholecalciferol (COL) in suspensions of polymeric nanoparticles. Chromatographic conditions used in the methodology were a C18 RP column using an isocratic mobile phase of methanol and water (98:2 v/v) at a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min, UV detection at 265 nm. The validation parameters evaluated were: specificity, linearity, limit of quantification, limit of detection, precision, precision and robustness. The retention time was about 7.5 min. The method was linear, specific (r=0.9992) interval 10.0 to 80.0 ?g/mL, the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.52 ?g/mL and the limit of detection was 0.15 ?g/mL. Intermediate precision was evaluated, expressed as inter-day variation (RSD = 1.13) and intra-day (RSD = 1.16). The accuracy obtained was the recovery of 102.87 ± 9.84, considering the exact method proposed. To evaluate the robustness, the results showed little variation, concluding that a robust method. The method was fast, robust and suitable for quantification of suspensions of COL nanoparticles and can be used to evaluate the efficiency of COL encapsulation

Development of eco-friendly formulations containing pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) residue particles and extract / Desenvolvimento de formulações eco-friendly contendo extrato e resíduo de romã (Punica granatum L.)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in the skin aging process. To prevent the changes triggered by ROSs, antioxidants can be used, with pomegranate being an important source of these compounds. The cosmetic industry's interest in natural and eco-friendly assets is growing. In this study, two cosmetic formulations were developed: one exfoliating formulation (F1), containing spheres of crushed pomegranate peel, and a concentrated serum (F2) containing pomegranate extract. The antioxidant potential of the pomegranate extract was characterized by the DPPH method. F1 and F2 were assessed for accelerated stability and sensory characteristics, by applying a questionnaire to 30 volunteers (approved by the ethics committee; number 3,503,062). The pomegranate extract revealed an EC50 of 0.05% v/v. Both formulations kept stability during the 60 days of exposure to different conditions (exposure to light, room temperature, heat, and refrigeration). The results of the sensory analysis showed a satisfactory acceptance from the target audience, with 80% of men and 100% of women declaring that they would buy the evaluated products. Therefore, the spheres of pomegranate peel produced could be used as a substitute for polymeric microspheres and pomegranate extract as an antioxidant source. The two formulations developed represent potential new cosmetic anti-aging products

Effect of different intervals recuperative in responses on muscle, blood and hemodynamic

Weight training is a strategy of controlling the natural processes which occur with aging and the interval period between sets can determine the total workload of a training session. The objective of this study was to analyze the muscle performance, level of blood lactate and hemodynamic variables at different intervals of recovery after exercise on an isokinetic dynamometer. The study was conducted with eleven middle-aged individuals (57.00 ± 7.2 years) who practiced weight training for more than six months. The volunteers performed two visits to the Laboratory of Physical Evaluation of the University, where performed three sets of 10 repetitions with 60º/second (power) in the movement of knee extension and flexion on a Biodex isokinetic dynamometer brand 4.0. In the first visit, 60 seconds of rest between sets were made and, in the second visit, 90 seconds between sets. The variables analyzed were peak torque (Nm), total work (J), fatigue index (%), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) and blood lactate concentration (mmol / L). To compare the data, we used analysis of variance (p <0.05). After the analysis, it was possible to verify that there were no significant differences between recovery interval of 60 and 90 seconds in relation to muscle strength, fatigue index and blood lactate concentration. Therefore, it is concluded that for individuals who are in the process of aging, apparently 60 or 90 seconds of rest between sets cause the same answers. This discovery may be important for physical education professional in exercise prescription.O treinamento com pesos é uma estratégia para controle de processos ocorridos com o envelhecimento e o período de intervalo entre as séries pode determinar a carga total de treinamento. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o desempenho muscular, lactato sanguíneo, índice de fadiga e variáveis hemodinâmicas em diferentes intervalos de recuperação após exercício isocinético. O estudo foi realizado com 11 indivíduos de meia idade (57.00 ± 7.2 anos) que praticavam treinamento com pesos a mais de seis meses. Os voluntários realizaram duas visitas ao Laboratório de Avaliação Física da Universidade, onde realizaram três séries de 10 repetições concêntricas com 60º/segundo na extensão e flexão de joelho em dinamômetro isocinético. Na primeira visita 60 segundos de descanso entre as séries foram realizados e na segunda visita 90 segundos. As variáveis analisadas foram pico de torque (Nm), Trabalho Total (J), Índice de Fadiga (%), Frequência Cardíaca (bpm), Pressão Arterial Sistólica e Diastólica (mmHg) e Concentração de Lactato Sanguíneo (mmol/L). Para comparação entre os dados foi utilizado a Análise de Variância (p<0.05). Após análise pode-se verificar que não houve diferenças significativas entre intervalo de recuperação de 60 e 90 segundos na força muscular, índice de fadiga, concentração de lactato sanguíneo e variáveis hemodinâmicas. Conclui-se que para indivíduos que estão em processo de envelhecimento, aparentemente 60 ou 90 segundos de intervalo entre as séries ocasionam as mesmas respostas. Esse achado pode ser importante para profissionais da educação física na prescrição de exercícios

H1N1pdm Influenza Infection in Hospitalized Cancer Patients: Clinical Evolution and Viral Analysis

BACKGROUND: The novel influenza A pandemic virus (H1N1pdm) caused considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide in 2009. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical course, duration of viral shedding, H1N1pdm evolution and emergence of antiviral resistance in hospitalized cancer patients with severe H1N1pdm infections during the winter of 2009 in Brazil. METHODS: We performed a prospective single-center cohort study in a cancer center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Hospitalized patients with cancer and a confirmed diagnosis of influenza A H1N1pdm were evaluated. The main outcome measures in this study were in-hospital mortality, duration of viral shedding, viral persistence and both functional and molecular analyses of H1N1pdm susceptibility to oseltamivir. RESULTS: A total of 44 hospitalized patients with suspected influenza-like illness were screened. A total of 24 had diagnosed H1N1pdm infections. The overall hospital mortality in our cohort was 21%. Thirteen (54%) patients required intensive care. The median age of the studied cohort was 14.5 years (3-69 years). Eighteen (75%) patients had received chemotherapy in the previous month, and 14 were neutropenic at the onset of influenza. A total of 10 patients were evaluated for their duration of viral shedding, and 5 (50%) displayed prolonged viral shedding (median 23, range=11-63 days); however, this was not associated with the emergence of a resistant H1N1pdm virus. Viral evolution was observed in sequentially collected samples. CONCLUSIONS: Prolonged influenza A H1N1pdm shedding was observed in cancer patients. However, oseltamivir resistance was not detected. Taken together, our data suggest that severely ill cancer patients may constitute a pandemic virus reservoir with major implications for viral propagation

Calendula officinalis L. flower extract-mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles under LED light

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are among the most known nanomaterials being used for several purposes, including medical applications. In this study, Calendula officinalis L. flower extract and silver nitrate were used for green synthesis of silver nanoparticles under red, green and blue light-emitting diodes. AgNPs were characterized by Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometry, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, Dynamic Light Scattering, Electrophoretic Mobility, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and X-ray Diffraction. Isotropic and anisotropic silver nanoparticles were obtained, presenting hydrodinamic diameters ranging 90 - 180 nm, polydispersity (PdI > 0.2) and moderate stability (zeta potential values around - 20 mV)

Experienciando uma formação feminista interseccional: contribuições ao Serviço Social

O presente artigo pretende abordar a experiência teórico-prática desenvolvida pelo Projeto de Pesquisa e Extensão Luta Antimanicomial e Feminismos. No primeiro momento objetiva-se apresentar elementos que constituem o debate dos feminismos interseccionais; em segundo abordaremos sobre a relação teoria e prática em uma perspectiva de formação interseccional e, por fim, será exposta a sistematização das ações realizadas pelo projeto. Destacamos que a metodologia envolve levantamento e revisão de bibliografia e observação participante

Ganho de peso e medidas biométricas de caprinos jovens em função do grupo racial, peso de abate e sexo

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of genotype Alpine, ½ Boer + ½ Alpine (½ BA), ½ Anglo Nubiano + ½ Alpine (½ ANA), ¾ Boer + ¼ Alpine (¾ BA), ¼ Boer + ¼ Alpine + ½ Anglo Nubiano (Tricross), gender and slaughter weight (25, 30 and 35 kg) on the performance and biometric measures of kids from dairy goat herds reared on intensive feeding systems. The evaluated traits were: weight at birth, 28 and 60 days old and age at 25, 30 and 35 kg. Biometrics measures: score, body length, previous and posterior height, leg perimeter, rump and chest width. Boer and Anglo Nubiano crossbred with Alpine improved corporal score and weight at 28 and 60 days old. Males reached slaughter weight at 30 and 35 kg more precociously than females. Crossbreed Boer and Anglo Nubiano reached earlier 25, 30 and 35 kg than Alpine. The greater was the slaughter weight the higher was corporal score and biometric measures.El objetivo de este experimento fue evaluar el efecto del grupo racial, del peso al sacrificio y del sexo sobre las características de rendimiento y medidas biométricas de caprinos jóvenes provenientes de rebaños lecheros para ser utilizados como productores de carne en sistemas intensivos. Fueron evaluados el peso al nacimiento, a los 28 y a los 60 días, las edades en que los animales llegaron a los 25, 30 y 35 kg así como las medidas biométricas de cabritos de cinco grupos raciales: Alpina, ½ Boer + ½ Alpina (½ BA), ½ Anglo Nubia + ½ Alpina (½ ANA), ¾ Boer + ¼ Alpina (¾ BA), ¼ Boer + ¼ Alpina + ½ Anglo Nubia (Tricross), con tres pesos de sacrificio/evaluación (25, 30 y 35 kg) y dos sexos en sistema de confinamiento, con la utilización de dieta completa. Las características de medidas biométricas evaluadas fueron puntuación corporal, longitud del cuerpo, altura anterior y posterior, perímetro de la pierna y anchura de la grupa y pecho. La participación de las razas Boer y Anglo Nubia en cruzas con la raza Alpina mejoró la puntuación corporal y peso a los 28 y 60 días. Los caprinos machos alcanzaron el peso de sacrificio de 30 y 35 kg más rápidamente que las hembras. El grupo racial Alpino demoró más tiempo para alcanzar los 25, 30 y 35 kg en relación a los mestizos de Boer y Anglo Nubia. Con el aumento del peso al sacrificio hubo aumento de la puntuación corporal y de las medidas biométricas.Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do grupo racial, peso de abate e sexo nas características de desempenho e medidas biométricas de caprinos jovens, provenientes de rebanhos leiteiros, como produtores de carne, em sistema intensivo de criação. Foram avaliados o peso ao nascimento, 28 e 60 dias, idades para que os animais atingissem 25, 30 e 35 kg e medidas biométricas de cabritos de cinco grupos raciais: Alpino, ½ Boer + ½ Alpino (½ BA), ½ Anglo Nubiano + ½ Alpino (½ ANA), ¾ Boer + ¼ Alpino (¾ BA), ¼ Boer + ¼ Alpino + ½ Anglo Nubiano (Tricross), com três pesos de abate/avaliação (25, 30 e 35 kg) e dois sexos em sistema de confinamento, com utilização de dieta completa. As características de medidas biométricas avaliadas foram escore, comprimento corporal, altura anterior e posterior, perímetro da perna e largura da garupa e do peito. A participação das raças Boer e Anglo Nubiano em cruzamentos com a raça Alpina melhorou o escore corporal e peso aos 28 e 60 dias. Os caprinos machos chegaram ao peso de abate aos 30 e 35 kg mais precocemente que as fêmeas. O grupo racial Alpino foi mais tardio para atingir os 25, 30 e 35 kg em relação aos mestiços Boer e Anglo Nubiano. Com o aumento do peso de abate houve aumento do escore corporal e das medidas biométricas

Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of The Essential Oil And Anatomical Markers Of Lavandula Dentata L. Cultivated In Brazil

ABSTRACT Lavandula dentata, popularly known as lavender, is commonly used in traditional medicine for the treatment of digestive and inflammatory disorders. The objective of this study was to analyzed the chemical oil composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil and anatomical markers of the leaf and stem of L. dentata cultivated in South Brazil. Essential oil showed an antioxidant activity similar to rutin and gallic acid when analyzed by phosphomolybdenum method. However, by the free radical DPPH and ABTS methods, it showed a slight potential antioxidant. Essential oil presented 1,8-cineol (63%) as major component, antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria strains and Candida albicans, by broth microdilution. The anatomical profile provided the following main microscopic markers: hypostomatic leaves; diacytic stomata, thin and striate cuticle; multicellular and branched non-glandular trichomes; capitate glandular trichomes; peltate glandular trichomes; dorsiventral mesophyll; flat-convex shape midrib, truncated on the abaxial side; one collateral vascular bundle in the midrib; square stem shape, angular collenchyma alternated with cortical parenchyma; sclerenchymatic fibers well-developed on the four edges