Preceding Phonological Context and Cluster Type Effects on Word-Initial /S/-Cluster Pronunciation in Brazilian Portuguese/English Interphonology

Research has shown that Brazilians tend to insert a vowel before word-initial //-clusters and to voice the // depending on the following consonant features (e.g., CORNELIAN, 2003; RAUBER, 2006; REBELLO; BAPTISTA, 2006). The present study investigated the perception and production of //-clusters in the Brazilian Portuguese/English interphonology. Production was assessed by three reading tests and perception was assessed by a two-alternative-forced-choice identification test. The stimuli were recorded by three Americans. The main objective of the study was to verify whether phonological context and cluster type would affect amount of misproductions and misperceptions as previous studies have brought different conclusions regarding production, and perception had not been tested regarding phonological context. The results showed that the phonological context did not significantly affect perception and production and that //+sonorant clusters were more difficult than //+stop clusters in both perception and production.

Relationship between cranial and mandibular growth and the stages of maturation of the cervical vertebrae

Quantification of the expectation of craniofacial growth during the pubertal growth spurt (PGS) is helpful in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Thus, this study investigated whether the stages of the vertebral maturation index (VMI) would be valid for estimating cranial and mandibular growth during the initial stages of PGS, testing the null hypothesis that these structures do not demonstrate differential growth dependent on the maturation stage. A study population of 45 patients of both genders with 2 lateral cephalometric radiographs, taken at a 12-month interval, was selected from files. All patients should not have been previously submitted to orthodontic treatment and should be before or during the peak stage of PGS. The S-N and Co-Gn cephalometric measurements were traced on both radiographs of each patient, by computed cephalometric tracings, for evaluation of skull and mandible, respectively. The growth of these structures was established by the difference between the measurements obtained on both tracings. The VMI stage was also estimated on the radiographs, determining the position of patients on the PGS curve at two periods, baseline and after 12 months. Cephalometric tracings and VMI estimates were performed by two calibrated examiners. Descriptive statistics revealed that both cephalometric measurements increased during the study period, especially Co-Gn, which demonstrated (ANOVA and Tukey's test; 5% significance level), a statistically significant peak of development (p = 0.001), when the patient was in the VMI stage representing the PGS peak. It was concluded that the VMI stages were valid for the analysis of cranial growth and especially of mandibular growth at the initial stages of PGS, thus rejecting the null hypothesis

Processo Para Coramento De Látex Para Produção De Poliestireno Colorido

Novo processo de preparação de poliestireno colorido a partir de látex em meio aquoso e corantes hidrossolúveis, utilizando látex de poliestireno estabilizado por cargas negativas, as quais são neutralizadas pelas cargas positivas do corante, ocorrendo dessa maneira a coagulação do látex que sofre posteriormente um processo de plastificação através de vapores de solventes organoclorados voláteis ou por aquecimento em estufa, a temperaturas próximas à Tg do polímero, e uma vez o polímero seco, o mesmo pode então ser processado em extrusora, para fabricação de produtos típicos fabricados com poliestireno como: espumas, componentes ópticos, brinquedos, embalagens e outros.BR0201940 (A)C08J3/205C08L25/06C08J3/205C08L25/06BR20020201940C08J3/205C08L25/06C08J3/205C08L25/0

Oregano essential oil-pectin edible films as anti-quorum sensing and food antimicrobial agents

Edible films can be used as carriers for antimicrobial compounds to assure food safety andquality; in addition, pathogenesis of food bacteria is related to a cell to cell communicationmechanism calledquorum sensing(QS). Oregano essential oil (OEO) has proved to beuseful as food antimicrobial; however, its foodapplications can be compromised by thevolatile character of its active constituents.Therefore, formulation of edible films containingOEO can be an alternative to improve its food usages. QS inhibitory activity of OEO andpectin-OEO films was evaluated usingChromobacterium violaceumas bacterial model.Additionally, antibacterial activity was tested againstEscherichia coliO157:H7,SalmonellaCholeraesuis,Staphylococcus aureus,andListeria monocytogenes. OEO was effective toinhibit bacterial growth at MIC of 0.24 mg/mL for all tested bacteria and MBC of 0.24,0.24, 0.48, and 0.24 mg/mL againstE. coliO157:H7,S.Choleraesuis,S. aureus, andL.monocytogenes, respectively. Pectin-films incorporated with 36.1 and 25.9 mg/mL of OEOshowed inhibition diameters of 16.3 and 15.2 mm forE. coliO157:H7; 18.1 and 24.2 mm forS.Choleraesuis; 20.8 and 20.3 mm forS. aureus; 21.3 and 19.3 mm forL. monocytogenes,respectively. Pectin-OEO film (15.7 mg/mL) was effective againstE. coliO157:H7 (9.3 mm),S. aureus(9.7 mm), andL. monocytogenes(9.2 mm), but not forS.Choleraesuis. Allconcentrations of OEO (0.0156, 0.0312, 0.0625 and 0.125 mg/mL) and pectin-OEO films(15.7, 25.9 and 36.1 mg/mL) showed a significant anti-QS activity expressed as inhibition ofviolacein production byC. violaceum. Additionally, the application of pectin-OEO films waseffective reducing total coliforms, yeast, and molds of shrimp and cucumber slices storedat 4◦C during 15 d.These results demonstrated the potential of pectin films enriched withOEO as food related microorganisms and QS inhibitorsFil: Alvarez, María Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Ingeniería Química. Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería En Alimentos; ArgentinaFil: Ortega Ramirez, Luis Alberto. Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo. Hermosillo; MéxicoFil: Gutierrez Pacheco, Maria Melissa. Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo. Hermosillo; MéxicoFil: Bernal Mercado, Thalia. Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo. Hermosillo; MéxicoFil: Rodriguez Garcia, Isela. Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo. Hermosillo; MéxicoFil: Ponce, Alejandra Graciela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Ingeniería Química. Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería En Alimentos; ArgentinaFil: Moreira, Maria del Rosario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Ingeniería Química. Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería En Alimentos; ArgentinaFil: Roura, Sara Ines. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Ingeniería Química. Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería En Alimentos; ArgentinaFil: Ayala Zavala, Jesús Fernando. Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo. Hermosillo; Méxic

Sources of influence on pregnant women's preferred mode of delivery in Buenos Aires, Argentina

Background: Understanding influences on women's preferred delivery mode is vital for planning interventions to reduce cesarean rates and for ensuring that women receive correct information. Our objectives were to: determine if sources of information influencing a pregnant woman's preferred delivery mode and knowledge of cesarean indications differ by sociodemographic characteristics; to conduct a factor analysis of items related to information sources influencing this preference; and to determine if knowledge differs by information sources influencing this preference or their underlying latent constructs. Methods: Data from a prospective cohort study conducted in Buenos Aires was analyzed. Healthy nulliparous women aged 18-35, at >32 weeks of gestation and with live, singleton pregnancies participated. The primary research questions were evaluated using Chi-square tests, factor analysis, logistic regression, and generalized estimating equations. Results: A total of 382 women participated in the study. Women of lower socioeconomic status were more influenced by people, magazines and TV/movies in their mode of delivery preferences, and had poorer knowledge of cesarean indications. Sources of influence for preferred delivery mode and factors derived in factor analysis were not associated with knowledge level when considered individually or together, or when adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, or when accounting for clustering by the hospital sector (public or private). Conclusions: Higher socioeconomic status is associated with being less influenced by people and with better knowledge of indications for cesarean delivery. Knowledge of cesarean indications was not associated with the source of information about mode of delivery preferences.Fil: Amyx, Melissa Michele. University of Tulane; Estados UnidosFil: Gibbons, Luz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Pque. Centenario. Centro de Investigaciones En Epidemiología y Salud Publica. Instituto de Efectividad Clinica y Sanitaria. Centro de Investigaciones En Epidemiología y Salud Publica.; ArgentinaFil: Xiong, Xu. University of Tulane; Estados UnidosFil: Mazzoni, Agustina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Pque. Centenario. Centro de Investigaciones En Epidemiología y Salud Publica. Instituto de Efectividad Clinica y Sanitaria. Centro de Investigaciones En Epidemiología y Salud Publica.; ArgentinaFil: Althabe, Fernando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Pque. Centenario. Centro de Investigaciones En Epidemiología y Salud Publica. Instituto de Efectividad Clinica y Sanitaria. Centro de Investigaciones En Epidemiología y Salud Publica.; ArgentinaFil: Buekens, Pierre. University of Tulane; Estados UnidosFil: Belizan, Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Pque. Centenario. Centro de Investigaciones En Epidemiología y Salud Publica. Instituto de Efectividad Clinica y Sanitaria. Centro de Investigaciones En Epidemiología y Salud Publica.; Argentin

Arte y estrategia: el caso de la industria de la moda en Colombia

Nowadays a bigger interest in Fashion has developed in Colombia, which is why it can be interesting to study some companies from the fashion industry, to propose a concept that will allow us to explain the management strategies used through the study of cases like Onda del Mar, Leonisa, and Silvia Tcherassi. Through book consultation and interviews, we get to triangulate the information and determine a contrast between theory and actual business reality.En los últimos años, la industria de la moda ha sido estudiada de manera recurrente por el campo de la dirección estratégica. Un buen número de casos de estudio ha permitido abordar, entre otros, temas de modelos de negocios, estrategias de internacionalización, capacidades dinámicas, etc. En este artículo se presenta un análisis de la industria de la moda en Colombia, específicamente las empresas Onda del Mar, Leonisa y Silvia Tcherassi, firmas reconocidas en el sector. El análisis de los casos permite concluir que la gestión de la industria de la moda no se basa solo en creatividad, sino que requiere de elementos de innovación en productos, mercados, procesos que garanticen la permanencia de las empresas en el tiempo

Tamanho de amostra para características de espigas de milho híbrido simples, duplo e triplo

Using adequate sample size in experimental units improves the efficiency of the research. In the agricultural year of 2004/2005, an experiment was conducted in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, with the objective of estimating sample size for the following traits: ear length, ear and cob diameter, ear weight, weight of grains per ear, cob weight and the weight of 100 grains, number of grain rows per ear, number of grains per ear and length of grains for two single hybrids (P30F33 and P Flex), two three-way hybrids (AG8021 and DG501) and two double hybrids (AG2060 and DKB701) of maize. For a 5% (D5) precision, the weight traits (dehusked ear weight, weight of grains per ear, cob weight and weight of 100 grains) can be sampled with 21 ears; the size traits (ear length, ear diameter, cob diameter and grain length) with eight ears; and the number traits (number of grain and rows) with 13 ears. Sample size varies as a function of ear trait and the type of hybrid i.e. single, three-way or double. Genetic variability among ears does not correspond to the increasing genetic variability i.e. single, three-way and double for the sample size of traits per ear.O uso dos tamanhos de amostras adequados nas unidades experimentais melhora a eficiência da pesquisa. Foi conduzido um experimento no ano agrícola 2004/2005 em Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, com o objetivo de estimar o tamanho de amostra para o comprimento de espiga, o diâmetro de espiga e de sabugo, o peso da espiga, dos grãos por espiga, do sabugo e de 100 grãos, o número de fileiras de grãos por espiga, o número de grãos por espiga e o comprimento dos grãos de dois híbridos simples (P30F33 e P Flex), dois híbridos triplos (AG8021 e DG501) e dois híbridos duplos (AG2060 e DKB701) de milho. Para uma precisão de 5% (D5), características de peso (peso de espiga despalhada, de grãos, de sabugo e de 100 grãos) podem ser amostradas com 21 espigas, características de tamanho (comprimento de espiga e de grão, diâmetro de espiga e de sabugo) com oito espigas, e dados de contagem (número de grãos e de fileiras) com 13 espigas. O tamanho de amostra é variável em função da característica da espiga e do tipo de híbrido: simples, triplo ou duplo. A variabilidade genética existente entre os híbridos de milho, na forma crescente: simples, triplo e duplo, não reflete na mesma ordem no tamanho de amostra de caracteres da espiga

Avaliação da reprodutibilidade intra e interexaminador no registro da relação cêntrica, após um programa de calibração

Centric relation (CR) has been considered a maxillomandibular position of choice for some dental and prosthetic procedures. Although regarded as a fully reproducible relation, there is great controversy about its clinical use and recording technique, especially in patients with signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). This study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of a training program on intra- and interexaminer agreement when determining the clinical record of the CR position. Forty individuals constituted the sample, divided into symptomatic (TMD) and asymptomatic groups. Three previously calibrated examiners performed the initial assessment and the second evaluation after 30 days in a blind design, using Dawsons bilateral manipulation technique with and without an anterior stop. The amount of frontal and sagittal deviations in relation to intercuspal position, the presence of pain and discomfort during manipulation, and the first occlusal contact in CR were analyzed. Kendall and Kappa tests with a 5% level of significance were used to determine agreement. Values for both intra- and interexaminer agreement were deemed good. The best results were obtained for frontal deviations and assessment of pain (or absence of it) during manipulation. Sagittal deviations showed the lowest agreement in both examinations. The authors concluded that a calibration program could be effective for intra- and interexaminer agreement when recording centric relation. However, caution is recommended when analyzing some isolated items.Na tentativa de estabelecer uma posição maxilomandibular reprodutível em pacientes sem dentes suportes posteriores ou portadores de oclusão instável, o conceito de relação cêntrica (RC) foi introduzido. Apesar de ser utilizada como uma posição de referência, existe uma considerável divergência de opiniões sobre a sua reprodutibilidade. Este estudo procurou avaliar se os métodos de treinamento profissional são efetivos na análise e obtenção de RC. Para isso utilizou-se uma amostra de 40 indivíduos, divididos em 20 assintomáticos e 20 portadores de disfunções da ATM. Os indivíduos foram avaliados por 3 examinadores, previamente calibrados. Foram realizados 2 exames: inicial e final (30 dias após o inicial), possibilitando dessa forma, análise da concordância interexaminadores, assim como intra- examinadores. Posteriormente, os resultados foram submetidos à análise estatística, utilizando-se os testes de concordância de Kendall e de Kappa. Os resultados foram considerados bons, sendo os melhores obtidos para a análise do desvio frontal e relato de dor (ou ausência) durante a manipulação. Os autores concluíram que os programas de calibração podem ser efetivos para análise da RC. No entanto, cautela é recomendada quando da análise de alguns itens isolados

Incidencia de bolsas periodontales en terceros molares erupcionados como determinante para la extracción profiláctica de los mismos.

The aim of this study, was to determine the incidence of periodontal pockets in third molars erupted in people over 18 apparently healthy, without conditions or additional factors that may affect results; for justify the prophylactic extraction of third molars.Thirty people were evaluated; with at least 1 third molar in the oral cavity; 60% of patients were male versus 40% female; a total of 83 third molars were analyzed in the 30 patients.Each patient underwent a clinical test in which consisted in a measurement of the periodontal probing at mesial, middle and distal, buccal and palatal/lingual of third molars, an also in distal zone (buccal and palatal/lingual) to the second molar adjacent thereto; for this analysis, was used Hu- Friedy´s periodontal calibrated probes.The 71.08 % of the analyzed patients; had at least one periodontal pocket probing with a measure greater than 3mm in third molars, obtaining a probability of 0.7; on the other hand, only 20.48 % of them presented caries. In the analysis of the 76 second molars (distal region) the 69.74 % of them had periodontal pockets; however these variables dependence is negative, and the value obtained was; Sig = 0.125 > 0.05.In conclusion is recommended; prophylactic removal of third molars, because is very common the presence of at least 1 area with more than 3mm probing; which is directly related to periodontal disorders that threaten oral and systemic health.El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar si es necesario la extracción profiláctica de terceros molares asintomáticos, por la presencia de bolsas periodontales mayores a 3mm en la zona de los terceros molares y en distal del segundo molar adyacente al mismo.Se analizaron 30 pacientes al azar, que tuvieran al menos un tercer molar en boca; el cual se encuentre asintomático y que no tenga enfermedades sistémicas que pueden afectar la salud del periodonto como es la diabetes, hipertensión, cáncer, inmunodeficiencias, epilepsia, entre otras; el método de análisis fue mediante un sondaje por vestibular y palatino/lingual, en mesial medio y distal con una sonda calibrada de 3 en 3mm.De los 30 pacientes; 60% fueron hombres mientras 40% fueron mujeres, la muestra posee una edad de 18 años en adelante.Del total de pacientes analizados el 71,08% de los mismos presentó al menos 1 bolsa periodontal con un sondaje mayor a 3mm en la región de los terceros molares, obteniendo una probabilidad de dicho suceso de 0,7; por otro lado únicamente el 20,48% de los mismos presentaron caries. En los 76 segundos molares analizados en la zona distal adyacente al tercer molar presente; 69,74% de los mismos presentó igualmente un sondaje mayor a 3mm; no obstante la dependencia de estas variables es negativa ya que el valor obtenido fue de: Sig. = 0.125 > 0.05.Se llegó a la conclusión que es recomendable la extracción profiláctica de los terceros molares

L’approche interdisciplinaire dans l’élaboration des guides pédagogiques en FLE sous la modalité « Aprender en casa »

RÉSUMÉ: Ce projet de recherche a été développé autour de l’expérience vécue par la professeure coopératrice, parents de famille et stagiaires d’une institution éducative publique de Medellín concernant la modalité « Aprender en casa » proposée par le MEN pendant le confinement causé par le COVID-19. S’appuyant sur l’approche interdisciplinaire, des activités en FLE ont été intégrées aux cours d’espagnol et sciences sociales afin de les ajouter aux guides pédagogiques livrés aux apprenants. Pour ce faire, nous avons identifié la problématique, nous avons élaboré le matériel et finalement nous avons fait son analyse à partir des sources d’information telles que des journaux de bord, des notes du terrain, un questionnaire et un entretien. Après cette analyse, les résultats montrent l’adaptation favorable des différents acteurs de l’acte pédagogique à la modalité mentionnée