Identifying Stressors Experienced by Single Fathers Who Are Parenting in New York City

Fathers face difficulties when taking on the single parent role, including having to prove their ability to care for their children alone. Existing research does not address issues concerning single fathers and the stressors they experience in raising their children. This study addresses these issues and helps researchers understand single fathers by using a qualitative approach to understand their perception of parenting. Fourteen participants from New York City participated in semi-structured interviews to elicit information about this phenomenon. This study focused on experiences the men have while being a single parent, the impact of living in New York City on single fathers parenting, and helpful services for single fathers. After completion of the interviews, each discussion was input into the memos section of Nvivo for use in the analysis phase. Interviews were separated into descriptive nodes addressing each area of interest. Data was then dissected into subnodes, which assisted in determining the themes, represented by participant responses. The last analysis step included the establishment of important ideas for each of the three research questions. The findings show fathers experience stressors when being a single parent as they identified childcare, the absence of the child\u27s mother, finances, housing, medical insurance, and communication issues as stress factors. Surprisingly, a majority of the participants felt living in New York positively impacted their parenting. Although a majority of the participants identified stress as part of their parenting experience, all the fathers identified services as a practical tool to help them improve their parenting. Several implications for positive social change after completing this research study include helping providers understand the needs of this population, and identifying the need for support to help improve parenting for this population

Architectural Design and Management: Research Roadmap

This Research Roadmap aims to establish the principal issues in Architectural Design and Management. It is an advance for architectural research to be organised in this way; and addresses six themes: Conceptual Framework State of the Art Future Scenario Development Strategy Research Contribution Research Agenda It sets out the scope for research and innovation, and suggests how this may receive more prominence on the international stage

A importância dos sistemas de impermeabilização na durabilidade das estruturas

A relevante quantidade de patologias ligadas a infiltrações de água em nossas edificações verticais imobiliárias são incompatíveis com os níveis e estágios avançados de inovações tecnológicas, desenvolvimento e racionalização que a construção civil tem vivido nos últimos anos. Este fator associado à realidade de um mercado altamente competitivo, e ainda ao elevado grau de exigência dos consumidores que é progressiva desde o advento do código de defesa do consumidor, devem ou deveriam fazer os empreendedores/ construtores refletirem seriamente sobre a forma e momento em que se pensa no item impermeabilização em seus empreendimentos. Esse trabalho tem como objetivo, apresentar os prejuízos/problemas causados pela ausência de um especialista de impermeabilização já na fase de execução dos projetos de uma equipe multidisciplinar, com ênfase, aos danos gerados a estrutura das edificações (especialmente corrosão de armaduras) e da mesma forma mostrar que essa presença pode ao menos minimizar muitas dessas patologias que quase sempre possui soluções simples quando pensadas no momento e local adequado, ou seja, na etapa de projeto. Foi utilizado para elaboração do artigo, um banco de dados referente a analise de 22 edificações, todos eles localizados na Região Metropolitana do Recife – Brasil, e sendo os empreendimentos com entrega recente, ou seja, inferior a 5 (cinco) anos. Os resultados obtidos indicam a importância do tema, mostrando que gestão da impermeabilização, desde a fase inicial do empreendimento (projetos) é fundamental para durabilidades da estrutura.Tópico 6: Patrimonio Urbano de los siglos XVIII al XX. Técnicas de Limpieza y de Conservación

Review of ventilation systems in operating rooms in view of infection control

The Postoperative Infection Rate (PIR) generally depends on factors such as the type of surgery, the cleanliness of equipment, medical procedures, and the level of microorganisms in the immediate and surrounding environments. Another major factor to consider is the quality of the air in the operating room (OR). The aim of this paper is review different ventilation systems in order to evaluate the of infection control (IC). This review consists of a literature review and observations in OR. The objective is to assist design engineers in developing more efficient ventilation systems, and to help stakeholders in choosing the "best" system for the particular type of surgery they need to perform. The practical result will be that security aspects of IC will be strengthened, which should lead to lower PIR

Performance based design for ventilation systems of operating rooms supported by numerical simulation - discussing the methodology

This paper discusses a methodology to support the performance assessment of ventilation systems of operating rooms (ORs), with a further focus on the application of numerical simulation tools in this design assessment. The performance based design should provide good information quality that advises the needs and expectation of the stake holders. The methods consist of literature review, the development of an information matrix to assess ventilation systems of ORs, and two case studies that will elucidate the approach and verify its applicability. The methodology chosen combines the performance base approach with the Building Evaluation Domain Model. The results will permit to identify which type of numerical simulation tools is best applicable for the assessment of a specific performance indicator and how the assessment should be performed. The conclusions will indicate directions for future work and which areas need to be focused on

Review of operating room ventilation standards

This article reviews standards applied to operating room ventilation design used by European, South and North American countries. Required environmental parameters are compared with regard to type of surgery, and ventilation system. These requirements as well as their relation to infection control issues are discussed in this paper

Insulin resistance in healthy women in childbearing age

Orientador: Arlete Maria dos Santos FernandesDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências MédicasResumo: A resistência insulínica (RI) é um estado no qual há diminuição da resposta dos tecidos-alvo à ação da insulina. A prevalência da RI na população adulta jovem não obesa e com resposta normal ao teste de tolerância oral à glicose (TTOG) é estimada em 25%. Estudos sugerem que vários fatores poderiam contribuir com a deterioração da tolerância à glicose em mulheres jovens, entre eles a elevação do peso corporal e o uso de métodos contraceptivos (MAC) hormonais. Objetivos: avaliar uma coorte de mulheres saudáveis em período reprodutivo e sem antecedentes que pudessem interferir no metabolismo de carboidratos, para determinar a prevalência e os fatores associados à RI. Sujeitos e Método: para o diagnóstico de RI foi utilizada a técnica do clamp euglicêmico hiperinsulinêmico (CEH). As variáveis estudadas foram sociodemográficas, uso atual de MAC combinado ou não hormonal, tempo de uso do MAC, composição corporal avaliada pela técnica de absortimetria de duplo feixe de raios-X (DXA), valores de perfis lipídico e glicêmico, medidas de pressão arterial e da ingestão calórica. Foi realizada análise das médias e desvio padrão (DP) das variáveis relacionadas à RI e ao uso de MAC e regressão linear múltipla para avaliar fatores que pudessem influenciar a tendência à RI. Participaram deste estudo 47 mulheres saudáveis, que responderam à veiculação da pesquisa, com idade de 18 a 40 anos, IMC1 ano e maiores valores de triglicérides. Conclusões: Uma de cada 5 mulheres em idade reprodutiva e saudável apresentou RI e mostrou elevação de peso corporal e de cintura. É importante iniciar medidas de prevenção precoces, estimulando hábitos saudáveis de alimentação e exercícios físicos nas mulheres observadas com elevação de peso e medida de cintura durante o acompanhamento de planejamento familiarAbstract: Insulin resistance (IR) is a condition in which there is decreased response of target tissues to the effects of insulin. The prevalence of IR in the young non obese adult population with normal response to the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is estimated to be 25%. Studies suggest that several factors might contribute to the deterioration of glucose tolerance in young women, among them increased body weight and the use of hormonal contraceptive methods. Objectives: evaluate a cohort of healthy women of childbearing age, without antecedents that might interfere in carbohydrate metabolism, to determine the prevalence and the factors associated with IR. Subjects and Method: the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp technique was used for the IR diagnosis. The variables studied were: sociodemographic, current use of hormonal, combined or non hormonal contraceptive methods, how long hormonal contraceptive methods have been used, body composition evaluated by the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) technique, values of lipid and glucose profiles, blood pressure and caloric intake measures. The means and standard deviation (SD) of variables related with IR; use of hormonal contraceptive methods and multiple linear regression were analyzed to evaluate factors that might influence tendency to IR. Forty-seven healthy women who answered research recruiting advertisement participated in this study; their ages ranged between 18 and 40 years, presented BMI1 year and higher triglycerides values. Conclusions: One in every 5 healthy women of childbearing age presented IR and increased body weight and waist circumference. It is important to adopt early prevention measures, stimulating healthy eating habits and physical exercises for women with weight and waist measure increase during the family planning follow-up periodMestradoFisiopatologia GinecológicaMestra em Ciências da Saúd

Literature review of staff thermal comfort and patient "thermal risks" in operating rooms

This paper discusses the thermal comfort of Staff and the thermal risks for the patient in operating rooms. Staff has often reported thermal discomfort during surgery. Factors which affect the thermal comfort include physiological and psychological perception, climate, the level and type of physical activity, and the types of clothes worn. Evaluating the thermal risks of the patient is very important in order to know how to prevent him/her from suffering hypothermia. The results will show that there is a strong need for future research and also which areas need to be focused on

Evaluating Moral Distress, Moral Distress Residue and Moral Courage in Oncology Nurses

Purpose: To examine relationships between moral distress, moral distress residue, and moral courage and to determine which nurse characteristics are predictive of moral distress and moral courage. Methods: The study used a mixed methods cross-sectional correlation design and qualitative content analysis to investigate oncology nurses\u27 characteristics and relationships between moral distress, moral distress residue, and moral courage. A convenience sample of 187 oncology nurses working in inpatient and outpatient settings was recruited through the national Oncology Nursing Society in the Southeastern United States. Hamric\u27s 21-item Moral Distress Scale-Revised (MDS-R) and Sekerka et al. 15-item Professional Moral Courage Scale (PMCS) supplemented with written examples of moral courage were used for data collection. Descriptive statistics, independent-samples t test, Pearson correlation, ANOVA, and multiple regressions analyses were used to evaluate data. Findings: MDS-R scores were not predictive of PMCS scores. No statistically significant differences were found between nurses\u27 characteristics (age, education level, certification, ELNEC training) and MDS-R. Though nurses with BSN had higher Moral Distress scores compared with other levels of education, none were predictors of MDS-R. ANOVA results indicate a marginal but not significant difference of the MDS-R score among the nurses with different basic ethics education (p = .067). Nurses working in adult inpatient settings had significantly higher MDS-R than those in outpatient settings. Nurses who had moral distress residue by virtue of leaving a previous job (26%) and those who considered leaving (28%) reported statistically significantly higher mean Moral Distress levels than those who had not considered leaving. Nurses (17%) currently considering leaving their jobs due to the way patient care was handled at their institutions had the highest Moral Distress mean scores and the lowest Professional Moral Courage scores. Work setting and having left a previous job were weak predictors of MDS-R, accounting for 11.6% of the moral distress score variance (p = .013) compared with 4.4% when work setting was a single predictor (p = .014). Total years\u27 oncology experience was a weak predictor of PMCS, accounting for 2.5% or an inconsequential amount of the variance (p = .043). Moral courage was displayed in major areas of supporting the patient, risk taking, advocacy, enlarging the circle for decision-making, putting aside personal beliefs, respecting patient autonomy, empowering the patient, fighting for the patient in face of consequences in a complex system, sharing information, getting to the meaning, handling tricky situations, protecting the patient and truth-telling. Discussion/Implication: Despite experiencing levels of moral distress, oncology nurses demonstrate support and respect for patients\u27 decision-making and autonomy. Ethics education derived from clinical practice can provide an opportunity for open discussion for nurses to create and maintain morally acceptable work environments that enable them to be morally courageous. This research underscores the presence of moral distress and moral distress residue among oncology nurses and the importance of finding ways to lessen moral distress and strengthen moral courage in nurses

Engine Light Repair Shop Evaluation for a Brazilian Airline

The maintenance cost of a commercial aircraft comprises airframe, components, and engines. The most expensive of them are engines, which may represent up to 60% of an aircraft cost, and therefore will have a significant impact on any airline finance. As a result, engine fleet maintenance management is crucial for any airline sustainability. Apart from heavy maintenance where life limited parts are replaced and its performance restored, aircraft engines are often required to come off wing for light repair due to operational issues like foreign object damage, high oil consumption, and vibration issues. In other cases, even though being operational, engines are required to come off the wing and undertake repair processes to comply with lease return conditions. Although these light repairs may be simple and relatively short in time, they require the engines to be transported to dedicated repair shops impacting engine availability due to shop slots unavailability and the logistics. This drives airlines to have additional spare engines on its fleet increasing its operating costs. This project is aimed at evaluating the pros and cons any Brazilian airline may have if it decides to have its engine shop for light repairs. Due to the complexity of the engine repair process, this project will be focused on a specific repair for a specific engine, which, if developed internally, may allow airlines to expand their light repair capability and, in the long term, improve engine availability