The James Webb Space Telescope Mission

Twenty-six years ago a small committee report, building on earlier studies, expounded a compelling and poetic vision for the future of astronomy, calling for an infrared-optimized space telescope with an aperture of at least $4m$. With the support of their governments in the US, Europe, and Canada, 20,000 people realized that vision as the $6.5m$ James Webb Space Telescope. A generation of astronomers will celebrate their accomplishments for the life of the mission, potentially as long as 20 years, and beyond. This report and the scientific discoveries that follow are extended thank-you notes to the 20,000 team members. The telescope is working perfectly, with much better image quality than expected. In this and accompanying papers, we give a brief history, describe the observatory, outline its objectives and current observing program, and discuss the inventions and people who made it possible. We cite detailed reports on the design and the measured performance on orbit.Comment: Accepted by PASP for the special issue on The James Webb Space Telescope Overview, 29 pages, 4 figure

Carotenoides en agroalimentación y salud

Los carotenoides son compuestos especiales; si bien es común referirse a ellos como pigmentos, lo cierto es que son compuestos de gran versatilidad e importancia en la naturaleza. Más específicamente, son de gran interés en agroalimentación y salud. Así, por ejemplo, son pigmentos naturales y por lo tanto tienen un importante papel en la elección de alimentos por parte de los consumidores. Asimismo, algunos de ellos son precursores de la vitamina A. Sin embargo, que cada vez exista más interés en los carotenoides en este contexto se debe en gran parte a muchos estudios de distinta naturaleza que indican que pueden proporcionar beneficios para la salud. Su interés en alimentación funcional es por lo tanto indudable. En este libro se refleja la experiencia en carotenoides de un gran número de profesionales de la región iberoamericana. En conjunto, se ofrece una visión general de la investigación sobre estos compuestos en agroalimentación y salud. Los autores son miembros de la red ibercarot (http://carotenoides.us.es), que tiene entre sus objetivos conformar una red estable y funcional de profesionales que aúnen esfuerzos en pos de identificar nuevas fuentes de carotenoides de interés nutricional, mejorar su producción y aumentar el valor de los productos que los contengan. Me gustaría agradecer a todas y cada una de las personas que han contribuido de una u otra forma a que este libro sea una realidad. Todos esperamos que sea de ayuda para personas interesadas en los temas desarrollados. Gracias especialmente al Programa Iberoamericano de Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo (Cyted, http:// www.cyted.org/) que, con su apoyo económico a la red ibercarot, ha hecho posible que varias decenas de equipos interaccionen en torno a temas de interés común para contribuir al desarrollo a distintos niveles de la región iberoamericana.RED TEMÁTICA IBERCAROT (referencia 112RT445) http://carotenoides.us.es PROGRAMA IBEROAMERICANO DE CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGIA PARA EL DESARROLLO – CYTEDPeer reviewe

Prevalence of reduced lung diffusing capacity and CT scan findings in smokers without airflow limitation: a population-based study

Background Population distribution of reduced diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO) in smokers and main consequences are not properly recognised. The objectives of this study were to describe the prevalence of reduced DLCO in a population-based sample of current and former smoker subjects without airflow limitation and to describe its morphological, functional and clinical implications.Methods A sample of 405 subjects aged 40 years or older with postbronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity (FVC) >0.70 was obtained from a random population-based sample of 9092 subjects evaluated in the EPISCAN II study. Baseline evaluation included clinical questionnaires, exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) measurement, spirometry, DLCO determination, 6 min walk test, routine blood analysis and low-dose CT scan with evaluation of lung density and airway wall thickness.Results In never, former and current smokers, prevalence of reduced DLCO was 6.7%, 14.4% and 26.7%, respectively. Current and former smokers with reduced DLCO without airflow limitation were younger than the subjects with normal DLCO, and they had greater levels of dyspnoea and exhaled CO, greater pulmonary artery diameter and lower spirometric parameters, 6 min walk distance, daily physical activity and plasma albumin levels (all p<0.05), with no significant differences in other chronic respiratory symptoms or CT findings. FVC and exhaled CO were identified as independent risk factors for low DLCO.Conclusion Reduced DLCO is a frequent disorder among smokers without airflow limitation, associated with decreased exercise capacity and with CT findings suggesting that it may be a marker of smoking-induced early vascular damage.Trial registration number NCT03028207

Diálogo Saberes desde las Ciencias Económica, Administrativas y Contables. Volumen VII

Este libro producto de investigaciones científicas vinculadas con el entorno de la región, evidencia la generación de nuevo conocimiento, ofrece propuestas de innovación, exploración de novedosos escenarios y la comprensión de los diferentes entes y sectores involucrados. Se utilizan conceptos que explican lo ontológico y epistemológico de ese mundo cambiante que nos rodea, enmarcado en las diversas teorías que manifiestan las cientificidades de los hechos y fenómenos.Capítulo 1 Políticas públicas de las tecnologías de información y comunicación: una visión desde los ecosistemas digitales de Puerto Libertador Córdoba – Colombia Marilú Tibisay Acurero Luzardo María Elena Pérez Prieto Lucimio Levis Jiménez Paternina Capítulo 2 El empoderamiento social y su influencia en la sustentabilidad comunitaria de las empresas cooperativas del municipio de San Pedro Tapanatepec Xochitl Berenise Gonzales Torres Martha Cecilia Méndez Prada Capítulo 3 La gestión de la E-participación socio política de jóvenes universitarios en las redes sociales Gertrudis Ziritt Trejo Zahira Moreno Freites Adriana María Pérez Cedeño Capítulo 4 La educación financiera como valor competitivo en alumnos de carreras administrativas universitarias Carmen Helena Romero Díaz Clara Ibeth Álvarez Arrieta Natalia Arango Zuleta Capítulo 5 Significantes de la sociedad cordobesa ante la ejecución de la política pública para la reparación a víctimas del conflicto armado en Colombia Estelio José Angulo Víctor Antonio Terán Reales Mauricio Burgos Altamiranda Capítulo 6 El incentivo tributario de exención de renta por 7 años para las empresas colombianas de economía naranja desde la optica del inversionista Maura Milena Madera Martínez Freddy Robert Urzola Paternina Capítulo 7 Reactivación económica post covid-19 en las pymes de la ciudad de montería desde la óptica de la gerencia financiera Manuel Antonio Pérez Vásquez Estrella del Carmen Camacho Alvis Capítulo 8 Impacto del servicio a domicilio en la satisfacción al cliente: una estrategia para el sector farmacéutico Leonardo Antonio Díaz Pertuz Yulieth Vanessa Santana Ramos Juan Armando Berrocal Hoyos Capítulo 9 Estrategias de pedagoga social desarrolladas por la UARIV para la recosntrucción del tejido social en la población de Pichilín Wendy Gissella Fuentes Montes Ana Raquel García Galindo Yira Rosa Meléndez Monroy Capítulo 10 El turismo comunitario para impulsar el desarrollo socioeconómico de las comunidades rurales. Caso Surutato, Badiraguato, México María de Jesús Cervantes-Gastélum Evelia de Jesús Izábal-de la Garza1r

Design of an algorithm for the diagnostic approach of patients with joint pain

Background Rheumatic diseases are a reason for frequent consultation with primary care doctors. Unfortunately, there is a high percentage of misdiagnosis. Objective To design an algorithm to be used by primary care physicians to improve the diagnostic approach of the patient with joint pain, and thus improve the diagnostic capacity in four rheumatic diseases. Methods Based on the information obtained from a literature review, we identified the main symptoms, signs, and paraclinical tests related to the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis with peripheral involvement, systemic lupus erythematosus with joint involvement, and osteoarthritis. We conducted 3 consultations with a group of expert rheumatologists, using the Delphi technique, to design a diagnostic algorithm that has as a starting point “joint pain” as a common symptom for the four diseases. Results Thirty-nine rheumatologists from 18 countries of Ibero-America participated in the Delphi exercise. In the first consultation, we presented 94 items to the experts (35 symptoms, 31 signs, and 28 paraclinical tests) candidates to be part of the algorithm; 74 items (25 symptoms, 27 signs, and 22 paraclinical tests) were chosen. In the second consultation, the decision nodes of the algorithm were chosen, and in the third, its final structure was defined. The Delphi exercise lasted 8 months; 100% of the experts participated in the three consultations. Conclusion We present an algorithm designed through an international consensus of experts, in which Delphi methodology was used, to support primary care physicians in the clinical approach to patients with joint pain

Genomics of the origin and evolution of <em>Citrus</em>

International audienceThe genus Citrus, comprising some of the most widely cultivated fruit crops worldwide, includes an uncertain number of species. Here we describe ten natural citrus species, using genomic, phylogenetic and biogeographic analyses of 60 accessions representing diverse citrus germ plasms, and propose that citrus diversified during the late Miocene epoch through a rapid southeast Asian radiation that correlates with a marked weakening of the monsoons. A second radiation enabled by migration across the Wallace line gave rise to the Australian limes in the early Pliocene epoch. Further identification and analyses of hybrids and admixed genomes provides insights into the genealogy of major commercial cultivars of citrus. Among mandarins and sweet orange, we find an extensive network of relatedness that illuminates the domestication of these groups. Widespread pummelo admixture among these mandarins and its correlation with fruit size and acidity suggests a plausible role of pummelo introgression in the selection of palatable mandarins. This work provides a new evolutionary framework for the genus Citrus