45 research outputs found
Detection of Prolonged Diapause of Northern Corn Rootworm in Michigan (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Prolonged diapause of northern corn rootworm, while known from other Midwestern states, has not previously been reported in Michigan. Populations of northern corn rootworm, (Diabrotica barberi) from two first-year corn fields in Genesee County, Michigan were examined for prolonged egg diapause. Pro- longed diapause was suspected in these populations due to an unusually high proportion of northern versus western corn rootworms in these fields. Eggs obtained from females collected at these sites were reared in the laboratory for two years. The presence of the prolonged diapause trait was confirmed in one population by eggs which hatched following two simulated winters (7.3%). None of the eggs m the second population hatched following the second chill period, however, some eggs in this population remained in apparent diapause at the end of two years. The potential for using observed population shifts in favor of D. barberi as an early warning of the expansion of prolonged diapause in a population is discussed
Detection of Prolonged Diapause of Northern Corn Rootworm in Michigan (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Prolonged diapause of northern corn rootworm, while known from other Midwestern states, has not previously been reported in Michigan. Populations of northern corn rootworm, (Diabrotica barberi) from two first-year corn fields in Genesee County, Michigan were examined for prolonged egg diapause. Pro- longed diapause was suspected in these populations due to an unusually high proportion of northern versus western corn rootworms in these fields. Eggs obtained from females collected at these sites were reared in the laboratory for two years. The presence of the prolonged diapause trait was confirmed in one population by eggs which hatched following two simulated winters (7.3%). None of the eggs m the second population hatched following the second chill period, however, some eggs in this population remained in apparent diapause at the end of two years. The potential for using observed population shifts in favor of D. barberi as an early warning of the expansion of prolonged diapause in a population is discussed
Investigating the association between childrenâs screen media exposure and vocabulary size in the UK
Children are growing up in a digital age with increasing exposure to television and touchscreen devices. We tested whether exposure to screen media is associated with childrenâs early language development. One hundred and thirty-one highly educated caregivers of UK children aged 6â36 months completed a media exposure questionnaire and vocabulary measure. 99% of children were read to daily, 82% watched television, and 49% used mobile touchscreen devices daily. Regression analyses revealed that time spent reading positively predicted vocabulary comprehension and production scores at 6â18 months, but time spent engaging with television or mobile touchscreen devices was not associated with vocabulary scores. Critically, correlations revealed that time spent reading or engaging with other non-screen activities was not offset by time spent engaging with television or mobile touchscreen devices. Thus, there was no evidence to suggest that screen media exposure adversely influenced vocabulary size in our sample of highly educated families with moderate media use
Novel combination of feed enzymes to improve the degradation of Chlorella vulgaris recalcitrant cell wall
Research Areas: Science & TechnologyABSTRACT - In this study, a rational combination of 200 pre-selected Carbohydrate-Active enzymes (CAZymes) and
sulfatases were tested, individually or combined, according to their ability to degrade Chlorella vulgaris
cell wall to access its valuable nutritional compounds. The disruption of microalgae cell walls by a four enzyme mixture (Mix) in comparison with the control, enabled to release up to 1.21g/L of reducing
sugars (p<0.001), led to an eight-fold increase in oligosaccharides release (p<0.001), and reduced
the fuorescence intensity by 47% after staining with Calcofuor White (p<0.001). The Mix treatment
was successful in releasing proteins (p<0.001), some MUFA (p<0.05), and the benefcial 18:3n-3 fatty
acid (p0.05), total carotenoids were
increased in the supernatant (p<0.05) from the Mix treatment, relative to the control. Taken together,
these results indicate that this four-enzyme Mix displays an efective capacity to degrade C. vulgaris cell
wall. Thus, these enzymes may constitute a good approach to improve the bioavailability of C. vulgaris
nutrients for monogastric diets, in particular, and to facilitate the cost-efective use of microalgae by
the feed industry, in general.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Effects of agriculture on the classification of Black soils in the Midwestern United States
Do two and three year old children use an incremental first-NP-as-agent bias to process active transitive and passive sentences? : A permutation analysis
We used eye-tracking to investigate if and when children show an incremental bias to assume that the first noun phrase in a sentence is the agent (first-NP-as-agent bias) while processing the meaning of English active and passive transitive sentences. We also investi-gated whether children can override this bias to successfully distinguish active from passive sentences, after processing the remainder of the sentence frame. For this second question we used eye-tracking (Study 1) and forced-choice pointing (Study 2). For both studies, we used a paradigm in which participants simultaneously saw two novel actions with reversed agent-patient relations while listening to active and passive sentences. We compared English-speaking 25-month-olds and 41-month-olds in between-subjects sentence struc-ture conditions (Active Transitive Condition vs. Passive Condition). A permutation analysis found that both age groups showed a bias to incrementally map the first noun in a sentence onto an agent role. Regarding the second question, 25-month-olds showed some evidence of distinguishing the two structures in the eye-tracking study. However, the 25-month-olds did not distinguish active from passive sentences in the forced choice pointing task. In contrast, the 41-month-old children did reanalyse their initial first-NP-as-agent bias to the extent that they clearly distinguished between active and passive sentences both in the eye-tracking data and in the pointing task. The results are discussed in relation to the development of syntactic (re)parsing