La calidad de las empresas del subsector de agencias de turismo en Lima

La presente investigación analizó la gestión de la calidad de las empresas del Sector Turismo en Lima Metropolitana en el periodo octubre 2014 – marzo 2015, tomando como base el estudio de la Calidad en las Empresas Latinoamericanas: El Caso Peruano, Benzaquen (2013) el cual nutrió de información para identificar los nueve factores de éxito de la calidad en las empresas peruanas en 2006 y 2011. La presente investigación se busca brindar un aporte en el análisis de la calidad del sector y conocer el nivel de cumplimiento de estos factores en el sector. Para un mejor entendimiento, la definición de las diferentes clases de agencias de turismo que operan en el Perú, han sido precisados en el Capítulo II. El presente estudio se realizó siguiendo una metodología transeccional, cuantitativa y descriptiva, para el cual se recopiló información a través de encuestas estandarizadas que fueron dirigidas a los principales gerentes y directores de las empresas del subsector, para ello se utilizó una escala de Lickert del 1 al 5, donde 1 es totalmente en desacuerdo y 5 totalmente de acuerdo para evaluar cada factor. La muestra permitió obtener información de 79 empresas a nivel Lima Metropolitana de una población de 898 empresas. Se aplicó el método Alpha de Cronbach con el fin de determinar la confiabilidad de los nueve factores en la muestra analizada, encontrando validez en el total de factores. Como parte del análisis se halló que las empresas encuestadas no tienen conocimiento respecto a Sistemas de Gestión de Calidad. Del mismo modo los resultados obtenidos en el promedio de los factores se encuentran por debajo de la media de 3.45, lo que nos ofrece una gran oportunidad futura para mejorar en la gestión de la calidad de las empresas del sectorThe present investigation analysed the quality management of the companies inside the Tourism Sector in Lima city between the periods October 2014 – March 2015, based on the study of Quality in Latin American Companies: El Caso Peruano, Benzaquen (2013), which provided information to identify the nine factors of quality success in Peruvian companies between 2006 and 2011. The purpose of this investigation is to contribute in the compliance level in the sector. For a better understanding, the definition of the different classes of tourism agencies operating in Peru have been specified in Chapter II. The present study was carried out under a transactional, quantitative and descriptive methodology, for which information was collected throught standardized surveys that were addressed to the directors and main managers of the companies in the sub sector, using a Lickert scale of 1 to 5, where 1 is strongly disagree and 5 fully agree, in order to evaluate each factor, The sample allowed us to obtain information from 79 companies from Lima from a population of 898 companies. The Cronbach Alpha method was applied in order to determine the reliability of the nine factors in the analyzed sample, giving us as a result a total validity in the factors. From the analysis, it was found that the surveyed companies are not aware of Quality Management Systems. Similarly the results obtained in the factors average are below the mean of 3.45, which offers us a great future opportunity to improve the quality management of the companies in the sectorTesi

Una preocupación en la actualidad: el consumo de cannabis asociado a la esquizofrenia: A current concern: The consumption of cannabis associated with schizophrenia

The incidence of schizophrenia in developed and considered developing countries ranges from 7 - 14% per 100,000 inhabitants, according to reports to 2019 of the World Health Organization (WHO). Schizophrenia is one of the most serious mental illnesses that exist, affecting the patient's thoughts, will, emotions and social relationships, directly involving their closest relatives. In general, the causes that lead the patient to develop schizophrenia are not known, however, it is known that those patients where family members have suffered from schizophrenia are more predisposed to have it. There are currents that strongly support the theory that there are alterations in the neonatal brain or even before birth that will cause these structural alterations in neurotransmitters, especially in dopamine and serotonin.La incidencia de la esquizofrenia en los países desarrollados y considerados en vías de desarrollo oscila entre el 7 - 14% por cada 100.000 habitantes, según reportes al 2019 de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). La esquizofrenia es una de las enfermedades mentales más graves que existen, afectando el pensamiento, la voluntad, las emociones y las relaciones sociales del paciente, involucrando de manera directa a sus familiares más allegados. Por lo general, las causas que llevan al paciente a desarrollar esquizofrenia no se conocen, sin embargo, se sabe que aquellos pacientes donde familiares suyos han padecido esquizofrenia tienen más predisposición a tenerla. Existen corrientes que apoyan fuertemente la teoría que existen alteraciones en el cerebro neonatal o incluso antes de nacer que van a provocar estas alteraciones estructurales en los neurotransmisores sobre todo en la dopamina y en la serotonina

El pensamiento: ¿un asunto de la psicología?

Se sostiene que los “enigmas” que hasta hoy rodean al concepto “pensamiento” son producto de una profunda incomprensión conceptual derivada de no distinguir entre preguntas filosóficas y problemas científicos. Se señala que tal incomprensión tiene lugar al no reconocer la naturaleza multívoca y contextual de los términos en el lenguaje ordinario vs. la naturaleza abstracta y precisa de los términos en ciencia. Se argumenta que dadas tales diferencias, el concepto “pensamiento”, y conceptos relacionados, no pueden ser abordados directamente como objeto de estudio en psicología, al menos que, tales conceptos se acoten en conexión con un sistema teórico y con la terminología apropiada. Se señala que una de las vías para elucidar la incomprensión citada, es la identificación de los referentes empíricos de las expresiones a partir del análisis de los usos de los términos. En este contexto, se analiza el uso de las expresiones “pensamiento” y “pensamiento crítico”, se identifican sus referentes empíricos, y se realiza unos análisis funcionales de tales referentes desde una perspectiva naturalista. Con base en lo anterior, se caracteriza al pensamiento como mediación de interacciones lingüísticas. Se concluye señalando que el análisis realizado posibilita la formulación de preguntas pertinentes en el contexto de una ciencia del comportamiento.Descriptores: pensamiento, pensamiento crítico, interacciones lingüísticas, comportamiento complejo, análisis conceptual

The advantages of disposable screen-printed biosensors in a bioelectronic tongue for the analysis of grapes

Producción CientíficaDisposable screen-printed sensors have been modified with enzymes and used to form a bioelectronic tongue dedicated to the discrimination between different grape varieties. The multisensory system combined serigraphied electrodes modified with carbon, platinum, gold, graphene, Prussian blue and nickel oxide nanoparticles (M-SPE) covered with glucose oxidase (M-GOX-SPE) or tyrosinase (M-Tyr-SPE). The M-GOX-SPE and M-Tyr-SPE sensors produced a variety of responses due to the different behavior of the electron mediators of the six screen-printed materials used for the electro-catalysis of the glucose and phenols by means of glucose oxidase and tyrosinase. This variety of responses, together with the capability of the sensors to detect glucose or phenols, allowed the bioelectronic tongue developed here to discriminate between the juices obtained from different varieties of grape. Partial least-squares (PLS-1) multivariate calibration of electrochemical data has been successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of glucose and polyphenols in musts. The discrimination capability shown by this array of cheap and single-use sensors was similar to that found in other complex bioelectronic tongues. The lower price, ease of use and portability of the modified screen-printed electrode system makes the bioelectronic tongue developed here an alternative tool that can be used in situ in the vineyard block.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad – FEDER (Grant CICYT AGL2012-33535)Junta de Castilla y León (programa de apoyo a proyectos de investigación - Ref. VA-032U13)University of Valladolid (PIF-UVa

Familia, niñez y adolescencia: Procesos de subjetivación emergentes en el hecho migratorio

Esta compilación reúne experiencias y esfuerzos investigativos de naturaleza y alcance heterogéneos. Son producciones que comparten inequívocamente el interés por interrogarse sobre los procesos de subjetivación emergente de niños, adolescentes y familias en el hecho migratorio

Array of biosensors for discrimination of grapes according to grape variety, vintage and ripeness.

A bioelectronic tongue based on nanostructured biosensors specific for the simultaneous detection of sugars and phenols has been developed. The array combined oxidases and dehydrogenases immobilized on a lipidic layer prepared using the Langmuir-Blodgett technique where Glucose oxidase, d-Fructose dehydrogenase, Tyrosinase or Laccase were imbibed. A phthalocyanine was co-immobilized in the sensing layer and used as electron mediator. The array thus formed has been used to analyze grapes and provides global information about the samples while providing specific information about their phenolic and their sugar content. Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) the array of voltammetric biosensors has been successfully used to discriminate musts prepared from different varieties of grapes (Tempranillo, Garnacha, Cabernet-Sauvignon, Prieto Picudo and Mencía). Differences could be also detected between grapes of the same variety and cultivar harvested in two successive vintages (2012 and 2013).2020-07-092020-07-0

Associations of dietary energy density with body composition and cardiometabolic risk in children with overweight and obesity: role of energy density calculations, under-reporting energy intake and physical activity

This study examined (1) the association of dietary energy density from solid (EDS) and solid plus liquids (EDSL) with adiposity and cardiometabolic risk factors (CRF) in children with overweight and obesity, (2) the effect of under-reporting on the mentioned associations and (3) whether the association between ED and body composition and CRF is influenced by levels of physical activity. In a cross-sectional design, 208 overweight and obese children (8-12-year-old; 111 boys) completed two non-consecutive 24 h recalls. ED was calculated using two different approaches: EDS and EDSL. Under-reporters were determined with the Goldberg method. Body composition, anthropometry and fasting blood sample measurements were performed. Moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was registered with accelerometers (7-d-register). Linear regressions were performed to evaluate the association of ED with the previously mentioned variables. Neither EDS nor EDSL were associated with body composition or CRF. However, when under-reporters were excluded, EDS was positively associated with BMI (P=0 019), body fat percentage (P=0 005), abdominal fat (P=0 008) and fat mass index (P=0 018), while EDSL was positively associated with body fat percentage (P=0 008) and fat mass index (P=0 026). When stratifying the group according to physical activity recommendations, the aforementioned associations were only maintained for non-compliers. Cluster analysis showed that the low-ED and high-MVPA group presented the healthiest profile for all adiposity and CRF. These findings could partly explain inconsistencies in literature, as we found that different ED calculations entail distinct results. Physical activity levels and excluding under-reporters greatly influence the associations between ED and adiposity in children with overweight and obesity.The research leading to these results has received funding from la Caixa Foundation and Triptolemos Foundation, the Ministry of Health (FIS PI081297), the Research Network on Preventative Activities and Health Promotion (RD06/0018/ 0038), the Henning and Johan Throne-Holst Foundation (F. B. O.), the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport (FPU14/03329 to M. M.), the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (DEP2013-47540 and DEP2016-78377-R; BES-2014-068829 to C. C.-S.), Fondo de Investigacion Sanitaria del Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI13/01335), Fondos Estructurales de la Union Europea (FEDER), Una manera de hacer Europa, the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (RYC-2011-09011 to F. B. O.), the University of Granada, Plan Propio de Investigacion 2016, Excellence Actions: Units of Excellence, Unit of Excellence on Exercise and Health (UCEES), Programa de Captacion de Talento - UGR Fellows (L. G.-M.), the SAMID III network, RETICS (PN I +D+ I 2017-2021). This study has been partially funded by the University of Granada, Plan Propio de Investigacion 2016, Excellence actions: Units of Excellence; Unit of Excellence on Exercise and Health (UCEES), and by the Junta de Andalucia, Consejeria de Conocimiento, Investigacion y Universidades and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), reference SOMM17/6107/UGR. ISCIII-Sub-Directorate General for Research Assessment and Promotion, the European Regional Development Fund (RD16/ 0022), the EXERNET Research Network on Exercise and Health in Special Populations (DEP2005-00046/ACTI), and the University of the Basque Country (GIU14/21). J. M.-G. is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport (FPU14/06837). J. H. M. is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport (FPU15/02645)

A different approach for the analysis of grapes: Using the skin as sensing element

In this work, an alternative method to monitor the phenolic maturity of grapes was developed. In this approach, the skins of grapes were used to cover the surface of carbon paste electrodes and the voltammetric signals obtained with the skin-modified sensors were used to obtain information about the phenolic content of the skins. These sensors could easily detect differences in the phenolic composition of different Spanish varieties of grapes (Mencía, Prieto Picudo and Juan García). Moreover, sensors were able to monitor changes in the phenolic content throughout the ripening process from véraison until harvest.2020-07-092020-07-0

Executive summary. diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of influenza virus infection. Consensus statement of the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (SEIMC), the Spanish Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (SEIP), the Spanish Association of Vaccinology (AEV), the Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine (SEMFYC) and the Spanish Society of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Health Management (SEMPSPGS)

[spa] El virus de la gripe ha acompañado al ser humano desde tiempo inmemorial, en forma de epidemias anuales y pandemias ocasionales. Se trata de una infección respiratoria con múltiples repercusiones sobre la vida de las personas a nivel individual y social, así como una importante sobrecarga para el sistema sanitario. El presente documento de consenso surge de la colaboración de diversas sociedades científicas españolas implicadas en la atención de la infección por virus de la gripe. Las conclusiones extraídas se han fundamentado en las evidencias de mayor calidad disponibles en la literatura científica y, en su defecto, en la opinión de los expertos convocados. En el documento de consenso se abordan los aspectos clínicos, microbiológicos, terapéuticos y preventivos (respecto de la prevención de la transmisión y en relación con la vacunación) de la gripe, tanto para población pediátrica como para adultos. Este documento de consenso pretende ayudar a facilitar el abordaje clínico, microbiológico y preventivo de la infección por virus de la gripe y, consecuentemente, a disminuir sus importantes consecuencias sobre la morbimortalidad de la población.[eng]The influenza virus has accompanied humans since time immemorial, in the form of annual epidemics and occasional pandemics. It is a respiratory infection with multiple repercussions on people's lives at an individual and social level, as well as representing a significant burden on the health system. This Consensus Document arises from the collaboration of various Spanish scientific societies involved in influenza virus infection. The conclusions drawn are based on the highest quality evidence available in the scientific literature and, failing that, on the opinion of the experts convened. The Consensus Document addresses the clinical, microbiological, therapeutic, and preventive aspects (with respect to the prevention of transmission and in relation to vaccination) of influenza, for both adult and pediatric populations. This Consensus Document aims to help facilitate the clinical, microbiological, and preventive approach to influenza virus infection and, consequently, to reduce its important consequences on the morbidity and mortality of the population