Quantification Et Evolution Du Bilan De La Nappe Karstique De Saida (Nord-Ouest De l’Algerie)

The Northwest of Algeria, characterized by a semi-arid climate has seen in recent decades its surface and ground water potential decrease due to the scarcity of rainfall. Demographic pressure has increased the difficulties in the management of water resources, leading to problems of water scarcity in several areas of the country, especially in low-rainfall areas. From the hydrogeological point of view, the study area contains many karstic springs with great importance, which flows can exceed 50 l /s during flood periods. Aquifer recharge occurs primarily by rainwater.The main objective of this study was to evaluate the water balance of the karst aquifer situated near the city of Saida (North-West of Algeria) and to follow its evolution on several decades. In this region, the karst groundwater is important for drinking water supply, irrigation and industrial units.This approach to assessment will be based on the water balance equation by involving precipitation, evapotranspiration, infiltration and groundwater flow. The total volume of the groundwater reserves obtained from the balance method represent 45 million m3. These reserves have decreased with time

Power maximization of variable-speed variable-pitch wind turbines using passive adaptive neural fault tolerant control

Power maximization has always been a practical consideration in wind turbines. The question of how to address optimal power capture, especially when the system dynamics are nonlinear and the actuators are subject to unknown faults, is significant. This paper studies the control methodology for variable-speed variable-pitch wind turbines including the effects of uncertain nonlinear dynamics, system fault uncertainties, and unknown external disturbances. The nonlinear model of the wind turbine is presented, and the problem of maximizing extracted energy is formulated by designing the optimal desired states. With the known system, a model-based nonlinear controller is designed; then, to handle uncertainties, the unknown nonlinearities of the wind turbine are estimated by utilizing radial basis function neural networks. The adaptive neural fault tolerant control is designed passively to be robust on model uncertainties, disturbances including wind speed and model noises, and completely unknown actuator faults including generator torque and pitch actuator torque. The Lyapunov direct method is employed to prove that the closed-loop system is uniformly bounded. Simulation studies are performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method

Nyanlända elevers syn på lärande i engelska i ordinarie klasser : En kvalitativ studie i grundskolan utifrån ett elevperspektiv

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka utmaningar som nyanlända elever i grundskolan kan stå inför i den ordinarie undervisning, samt hur de kan övervinna svårigheter i engelskämnet. Studien genomfördes bland elever i grundskolan i Södermanland. Två uppsättningar data användes: En med semistrukturerade intervjuer med fem elever från högstadiet, samt klassrumsobservationer av tre olika klasser under två olika tillfällen (på förmiddag och på eftermiddag). Uppgifterna analyserades med hjälp av en kvalitativ metod och med hjälp av Vygotskijs sociokulturella teori, vilken handlar om att lärande och kognitiva språkkunskaper sker i interaktion och samspel med andra genom dialog och stöttning av kunniga personer (Vygotskij, 2001). Resultaten visade att elevernas tidigare kunskaper i engelska och bristen på ordförråd påverkar deras engagemang under lektioner. Det visade också att elevernas modersmål (L1) och andra språkkunskaper (L2) kan används som resurs för att utveckla elevernas kognitiva språkkunskaper i engelska som ett främmandespråk (L3) med stöd och hjälp av alla aktörer (lärare, studiehandledare, klasskamrater och föräldrar)

Nyanlända elevers syn på lärande i engelska i ordinarie klasser : En kvalitativ studie i grundskolan utifrån ett elevperspektiv

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka utmaningar som nyanlända elever i grundskolan kan stå inför i den ordinarie undervisning, samt hur de kan övervinna svårigheter i engelskämnet. Studien genomfördes bland elever i grundskolan i Södermanland. Två uppsättningar data användes: En med semistrukturerade intervjuer med fem elever från högstadiet, samt klassrumsobservationer av tre olika klasser under två olika tillfällen (på förmiddag och på eftermiddag). Uppgifterna analyserades med hjälp av en kvalitativ metod och med hjälp av Vygotskijs sociokulturella teori, vilken handlar om att lärande och kognitiva språkkunskaper sker i interaktion och samspel med andra genom dialog och stöttning av kunniga personer (Vygotskij, 2001). Resultaten visade att elevernas tidigare kunskaper i engelska och bristen på ordförråd påverkar deras engagemang under lektioner. Det visade också att elevernas modersmål (L1) och andra språkkunskaper (L2) kan används som resurs för att utveckla elevernas kognitiva språkkunskaper i engelska som ett främmandespråk (L3) med stöd och hjälp av alla aktörer (lärare, studiehandledare, klasskamrater och föräldrar)

Dynamical Invariant and Exact Mechanical Analyses for the Caldirola–Kanai Model of Dissipative Three Coupled Oscillators

We study the dynamical invariant for dissipative three coupled oscillators mainly from the quantum mechanical point of view. It is known that there are many advantages of the invariant quantity in elucidating mechanical properties of the system. We use such a property of the invariant operator in quantizing the system in this work. To this end, we first transform the invariant operator to a simple one by using a unitary operator in order that we can easily manage it. The invariant operator is further simplified through its diagonalization via three-dimensional rotations parameterized by three Euler angles. The coupling terms in the quantum invariant are eventually eliminated thanks to such a diagonalization. As a consequence, transformed quantum invariant is represented in terms of three independent simple harmonic oscillators which have unit masses. Starting from the wave functions in the transformed system, we have derived the full wave functions in the original system with the help of the unitary operators

Study of the involvement of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the development of non-small cell lung cancer

La progression tumorale est caractérisée par deux processus clés, la prolifération et l’invasion cellulaires. Les nAChRs, activés par la nicotine et ses nitrosamines dérivées (NNN et NNK), modulent les concentrations calciques intracellulaires et activent in vitro la prolifération, l’apoptose, la migration et l’invasion de lignées cellulaires tumorales. Dans cette étude, nous montrons, en utilisant des cultures primaires de cellules dérivées de cancers pulmonaires non à petites cellules (carcinomes épidermoïdes et adénocarcinomes), que les nAChRs α7 régulent différemment la prolifération cellulaire en fonction du stade de différenciation des tumeurs. Le nAChR α7 agit comme répresseur de la prolifération cellulaire dans les tumeurs bien différenciées et dans l’épithélium respiratoire normal, alors que dans les tumeurs peu différenciées, il stimule la prolifération cellulaire en réponse à la nicotine. A l’inverse, le nAChR α3α5β2 n’est que partiellement impliqué dans la régulation de la prolifération cellulaire aussi bien dans les tumeurs pulmonaires que dans l’épithélium respiratoire normal. Les nAChRs α7 et nAChRs α3α5β2 sont tous les deux impliqués dans la stimulation de l’invasion des cellules tumorales des carcinomes épidermoïdes et adénocarcinomes. Le polymorphisme non-synonyme rs16969968 de la sous-unité α5 induit une mutation au niveau d’un acide aminé hautement conservé (D398N). De nombreuses études d’association pangénomiques lient ce polymorphisme au développement des cancers pulmonaires. Dans cette étude nous montrons que les nAChRs exprimant la sous-unité α5 mutée (D398N) altèrent la prolifération et la différenciation des cellules respiratoires et modulent l’invasion des cellules tumorales, en synergie avec les nAChRs α7.Tumor progression is characterized by two key processes, cell proliferation and invasion. Nicotinic receptors, activated by nicotine and its derived nitrosamines (NNK and NNN) modulate intracellular calcium concentrations and activate in vitro proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of tumor cell lines. In this study, we show, by using primary cell cultures from lung cancer tumors, adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, that nAChR α7 differently regulates cell proliferation according to the state of tumor differentiation. The α7 nAChRs acts as a repressor of cell proliferation in differentiated lung cancer tissues and in the normal respiratory epithelium, while it stimulates cell proliferation in response to nicotine, in poorly differentiated tumors. Conversely, the α3α5β2 nAChR is only partially involved in the regulation of cell proliferation in lung cancers and in the normal respiratory epithelium. The α7 and α3α5β2 nAChRs are both involved in the in vitro invasion process of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Non-synonymous polymorphism rs16969968 in the CHRNA5 gene induces a mutation in a highly conserved amino acid (D398N). Many genome-wide association studies have demonstrated the relationship between this polymorphism and the incidence of lung cancer. In this study, we show that nAChRs, expressing the mutated α5 subunit (D398N), are in involved in the alteration of the proliferation and the differentiation state of respiratory epithelial cells, and also modulate tumor cell invasion, in synergy with the α7 nAChRs

Etude de l'implication des récepteurs nicotiniques à l'acétylcholine dans le développement des cancers pulmonaires non à petites cellules

La progression tumorale est caractérisée par deux processus clés, la prolifération et l invasion cellulaires. Les nAChRs, activés par la nicotine et ses nitrosamines dérivées (NNN et NNK), modulent les concentrations calciques intracellulaires et activent in vitro la prolifération, l apoptose, la migration et l invasion de lignées cellulaires tumorales. Dans cette étude, nous montrons, en utilisant des cultures primaires de cellules dérivées de cancers pulmonaires non à petites cellules (carcinomes épidermoïdes et adénocarcinomes), que les nAChRs a7 régulent différemment la prolifération cellulaire en fonction du stade de différenciation des tumeurs. Le nAChR a7 agit comme répresseur de la prolifération cellulaire dans les tumeurs bien différenciées et dans l épithélium respiratoire normal, alors que dans les tumeurs peu différenciées, il stimule la prolifération cellulaire en réponse à la nicotine. A l inverse, le nAChR a3a5b2 n est que partiellement impliqué dans la régulation de la prolifération cellulaire aussi bien dans les tumeurs pulmonaires que dans l épithélium respiratoire normal. Les nAChRs a7 et nAChRs a3a5b2 sont tous les deux impliqués dans la stimulation de l invasion des cellules tumorales des carcinomes épidermoïdes et adénocarcinomes. Le polymorphisme non-synonyme rs16969968 de la sous-unité a5 induit une mutation au niveau d un acide aminé hautement conservé (D398N). De nombreuses études d association pangénomiques lient ce polymorphisme au développement des cancers pulmonaires. Dans cette étude nous montrons que les nAChRs exprimant la sous-unité a5 mutée (D398N) altèrent la prolifération et la différenciation des cellules respiratoires et modulent l invasion des cellules tumorales, en synergie avec les nAChRs a7.Tumor progression is characterized by two key processes, cell proliferation and invasion. Nicotinic receptors, activated by nicotine and its derived nitrosamines (NNK and NNN) modulate intracellular calcium concentrations and activate in vitro proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of tumor cell lines. In this study, we show, by using primary cell cultures from lung cancer tumors, adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, that nAChR a7 differently regulates cell proliferation according to the state of tumor differentiation. The a7 nAChRs acts as a repressor of cell proliferation in differentiated lung cancer tissues and in the normal respiratory epithelium, while it stimulates cell proliferation in response to nicotine, in poorly differentiated tumors. Conversely, the a3a5b2 nAChR is only partially involved in the regulation of cell proliferation in lung cancers and in the normal respiratory epithelium. The a7 and a3a5b2 nAChRs are both involved in the in vitro invasion process of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Non-synonymous polymorphism rs16969968 in the CHRNA5 gene induces a mutation in a highly conserved amino acid (D398N). Many genome-wide association studies have demonstrated the relationship between this polymorphism and the incidence of lung cancer. In this study, we show that nAChRs, expressing the mutated a5 subunit (D398N), are in involved in the alteration of the proliferation and the differentiation state of respiratory epithelial cells, and also modulate tumor cell invasion, in synergy with the a7 nAChRs.REIMS-SCD-Bib. electronique (514549901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Acoustic Diversity Classification Using Machine Learning Techniques: Towards Automated Marine Big Data Analysis

International audienc

Quantization of a 3D Nonstationary Harmonic plus an Inverse Harmonic Potential System

The Schrödinger solutions for a three-dimensional central potential system whose Hamiltonian is composed of a time-dependent harmonic plus an inverse harmonic potential are investigated. Because of the time-dependence of parameters, we cannot solve the Schrödinger solutions relying only on the conventional method of separation of variables. To overcome this difficulty, special mathematical methods, which are the invariant operator method, the unitary transformation method, and the Nikiforov-Uvarov method, are used when we derive solutions of the Schrödinger equation for the system. In particular, the Nikiforov-Uvarov method with an appropriate coordinate transformation enabled us to reduce the eigenvalue equation of the invariant operator, which is a second-order differential equation, to a hypergeometric-type equation that is convenient to treat. Through this procedure, we derived exact Schrödinger solutions (wave functions) of the system. It is confirmed that the wave functions are represented in terms of time-dependent radial functions, spherical harmonics, and general time-varying global phases. Such wave functions are useful for studying various quantum properties of the system. As an example, the uncertainty relations for position and momentum are derived by taking advantage of the wave functions