Differentiation and properties of amniotic fluid cells

Amniotic fluid cells have been widely used, initially in the assessment of gestational age and Rhesus isoimmunization; more recently in the antenatal diagnosis of chromosomal disorders, inborn errors of metabolism, haemoglobinopathies, some congenital malformations and detection of high risk pregnancy. However, the amniotic fluid cell origin is not yet clear. This study examined the properties of uncultured and cultured amniotic fluid cells, as well as their differentiation through culture. Amniotic fluids were divided into normal and abnormal according to their alpha fetoprotein values (Brock, 1981) and the following cell characteristics were examined: numbers, morphology, viability, adherence, phagocytosis, presence of Fc receptors, non-specific acid esterase, behaviour in vitro by cinemicrography and immunocytochemistry. The heterogeneity of amniotic fluid cells was confirmed and their origin is discussed. The use of the previously neglected uncultured amniotic fluid cells is enhanced. The presence of macrophages in normal (Hoyes, 1968) and abnormal (Sutherland et al., 1973, 1975) amniotic fluids was confirmed. Macrophages were increased in number in amniotic fluids from fetuses with anencephaly but not in those with spina bifida. The macrophages were short lived and incapable of survival and proliferation in culture. The presence of neural cells in amniotic fluids from fetuses with a neural tube defect (Gosden and Brock, 1978a) was also confirmed. The neural cells consisted of neuroblasts which differentiated through culture into neurons; glial cells which seem to dedifferentiate into glioblasts; and microglia. The studies in normal amniotic fluids suggested that the main cell type (AF) of long-term amniotic fluid cell cultures originates from trophoblast (Priest et al., 1979) and that their heterogeneity is due to differentiation in culture from cytotrophoblast into syncytiotrophoblast. The implications of these findings in antenatal diagnosis are discussed

Eficacia y seguridad del Palonosetron en comparacion con Ondansetron en el tratamiento de la Nausea y el Vomito inducido por Quimioterapia en Ninos con Cancer en el Hospital Materno Infantil, ISSEMYM

EFICACIA Y SEGURIDAD DEL PALONOSETRON EN COMPARACION CON ONDANSETRON EN EL TRATAMIENTO DE LA NAUSEA Y EL VOMITO INDUCIDO POR QUIMIOTERAPIA EN NIÑOS CON CANCER, TRATADOS EN EL HOSPITAL MATERNO INFANTIL, ISSEMYM

Influence of Mild Bottom Slopes on the Overtopping Flow over Mound Breakwaters under Depth-Limited Breaking Wave Conditions

[EN] The crest elevation of mound breakwaters is usually designed considering a tolerable mean wave overtopping discharge. However, pedestrian safety, characterized by the overtopping layer thickness (OLT) and the overtopping flow velocity (OFV), is becoming more relevant due to the reduction of the crest freeboards of coastal structures. Studies in the literature focusing on OLT and OFV do not consider the bottom slope effect, even if it has a remarkable impact on mound breakwater design under depth-limited breaking wave conditions. Therefore, this research focuses on the influence of the bottom slope on OLT and OFV exceeded by 2% of incoming waves, hc,2% and uc,2%. A total of 235 2D physical tests were conducted on conventional mound breakwaters with a single-layer Cubipod® and double-layer rock and cube armors with 2% and 4% bottom slopes. Neural networks were used to determine the optimum point to estimate wave characteristics for hc,2% and uc,2% calculation; that point was located at a distance from the model toe of three times the water depth at the toe (hs) of the structure. The influence of the bottom slope is studied using trained neural networks with fixed wave conditions in the wave generation zone; hc,2% slightly decreases and uc,2% increases as the gradient of the bottom slope increases.This research was funded by Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) under grant BIA2015-70436-R and RTI2018-101073-B-I00. The first author was also financially supported by the Ministerio de Educacion, Cultura y Deporte through the FPU program (Formacion de Profesorado Universitario) under grant FPU16/05081.Mares-Nasarre, P.; Gómez-Martín, ME.; Medina, JR. (2020). Influence of Mild Bottom Slopes on the Overtopping Flow over Mound Breakwaters under Depth-Limited Breaking Wave Conditions. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 8(1):1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8010003S11681www.overtopping-manual.comMolines, J., & Medina, J. R. (2016). Explicit Wave-Overtopping Formula for Mound Breakwaters with Crown Walls Using CLASH Neural Network–Derived Data. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, 142(3), 04015024. doi:10.1061/(asce)ww.1943-5460.0000322Nørgaard, J. Q. H., Lykke Andersen, T., & Burcharth, H. F. (2014). Distribution of individual wave overtopping volumes in shallow water wave conditions. Coastal Engineering, 83, 15-23. doi:10.1016/j.coastaleng.2013.09.003Molines, J., Herrera, M. P., Gómez-Martín, M. E., & Medina, J. R. (2019). Distribution of individual wave overtopping volumes on mound breakwaters. Coastal Engineering, 149, 15-27. doi:10.1016/j.coastaleng.2019.03.006Mares-Nasarre, P., Argente, G., Gómez-Martín, M. E., & Medina, J. R. (2019). Overtopping layer thickness and overtopping flow velocity on mound breakwaters. Coastal Engineering, 154, 103561. doi:10.1016/j.coastaleng.2019.103561Herrera, M. P., Gómez-Martín, M. E., & Medina, J. R. (2017). Hydraulic stability of rock armors in breaking wave conditions. Coastal Engineering, 127, 55-67. doi:10.1016/j.coastaleng.2017.06.010Van Gent, M. R. A. (2003). WAVE OVERTOPPING EVENTS AT DIKES. Coastal Engineering 2002. doi:10.1142/9789812791306_0185Schüttrumpf, H., Möller, J., & Oumeraci, H. (2003). OVERTOPPING FLOW PARAMETERS ON THE INNER SLOPE OF SEADIKES. Coastal Engineering 2002. doi:10.1142/9789812791306_0178Gent, M. R. A. van. (2001). Wave Runup on Dikes with Shallow Foreshores. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, 127(5), 254-262. doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-950x(2001)127:5(254)Van der Meer, J. W., Hardeman, B., Steendam, G. J., Schuttrumpf, H., & Verheij, H. (2011). FLOW DEPTHS AND VELOCITIES AT CREST AND LANDWARD SLOPE OF A DIKE, IN THEORY AND WITH THE WAVE OVERTOPPING SIMULATOR. Coastal Engineering Proceedings, 1(32), 10. doi:10.9753/icce.v32.structures.10Lorke, S., Scheres, B., Schüttrumpf, H., Bornschein, A., & Pohl, R. (2012). PHYSICAL MODEL TESTS ON WAVE OVERTOPPING AND FLOW PROCESSES ON DIKE CRESTS INFLUENCED BY WAVE-CURRENT INTERACTION. Coastal Engineering Proceedings, 1(33), 34. doi:10.9753/icce.v33.waves.34Herrera, M. P., & Medina, J. R. (2015). Toe berm design for very shallow waters on steep sea bottoms. Coastal Engineering, 103, 67-77. doi:10.1016/j.coastaleng.2015.06.005Gómez-Martín, M. E., & Medina, J. R. (2014). Heterogeneous Packing and Hydraulic Stability of Cube and Cubipod Armor Units. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, 140(1), 100-108. doi:10.1061/(asce)ww.1943-5460.0000223Argente, G., Gómez-Martín, M., & Medina, J. (2018). Hydraulic Stability of the Armor Layer of Overtopped Breakwaters. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 6(4), 143. doi:10.3390/jmse6040143Gómez-Martín, M., Herrera, M., Gonzalez-Escriva, J., & Medina, J. (2018). Cubipod® Armor Design in Depth-Limited Regular Wave-Breaking Conditions. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 6(4), 150. doi:10.3390/jmse6040150Battjes, J. A., & Groenendijk, H. W. (2000). Wave height distributions on shallow foreshores. Coastal Engineering, 40(3), 161-182. doi:10.1016/s0378-3839(00)00007-7Victor, L., van der Meer, J. W., & Troch, P. (2012). Probability distribution of individual wave overtopping volumes for smooth impermeable steep slopes with low crest freeboards. Coastal Engineering, 64, 87-101. doi:10.1016/j.coastaleng.2012.01.003Verhagen, H. J., van Vledder, G., & Arab, S. E. (2009). A PRACTICAL METHOD FOR DESIGN OF COASTAL STRUCTURES IN SHALLOW WATER. Coastal Engineering 2008. doi:10.1142/9789814277426_0241Van Gent, M. R. A., van den Boogaard, H. F. P., Pozueta, B., & Medina, J. R. (2007). Neural network modelling of wave overtopping at coastal structures. Coastal Engineering, 54(8), 586-593. doi:10.1016/j.coastaleng.2006.12.001Molines, J., Herrera, M. P., & Medina, J. R. (2018). Estimations of wave forces on crown walls based on wave overtopping rates. Coastal Engineering, 132, 50-62. doi:10.1016/j.coastaleng.2017.11.00

Hydraulic stability of cube-armored mound breakwaters in depth-limited breaking wave conditions

[EN] Armor erosion due to wave attack has been studied intensively since it is considered the main failure mode of mound breakwaters. Cube-armored mound breakwaters in depth-limited breaking wave conditions are common in practice but have received limited attention in the literature. In this study, 2D physical tests were performed on non-overtopped double-layer randomly-placed cube-armored mound breakwater models with armor slope cot¿ = 1.5 and bottom slope m = 2% in breaking wave conditions. Using the experimental results, a new hydraulic stability formula was derived with a coefficient of determination R2 = 0.85 based on a power relationship between the armor damage and the stability number and the dimensionless water depth. A lower hydraulic stability was found for the front slope of non-overtopped cube-armored structures in breaking wave conditions when compared to formulas given in the literature.The authors acknowledge the support from grant RTI2018-101073B-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and "ERDF A way of making Europe", the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under grant BIA2012-33967, the Generalitat Valenciana under the grant AEST/2021/045 and FEDER. The authors thank Debra Westall for revising the manuscript.Mares-Nasarre, P.; Molines, J.; Gómez-Martín, ME.; Medina, JR. (2022). Hydraulic stability of cube-armored mound breakwaters in depth-limited breaking wave conditions. Ocean Engineering. 259:1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.11184511325

Armor Damage of Overtopped Mound Breakwaters in Depth-Limited Breaking Wave Conditions

[EN] Armor damage due to wave attack is the principal failure mode to be considered when designing conventional mound breakwaters. Armor layers of mound breakwaters are typically designed using formulas in the literature for non-overtopped mound breakwaters in non-breaking wave conditions, although overtopped mound breakwaters in the depth-induced breaking wave zone are common design conditions. In this study, 2D physical tests with an armor slope H/V = 3/2 are analyzed in order to better describe the hydraulic stability of overtopped mound breakwaters with double-layer rock, double-layer randomly-place cube and single-layer Cubipod® armors in depth-limited breaking wave conditions. Hydraulic stability formulas are derived for each armor section (front slope, crest and rear slope) and each armor layer. The front slope of overtopped double-layer rock structures is more stable than the front slope of non-overtopped mound breakwaters in breaking wave conditions. When wave attack increases, armor damage appears first on the front slope, later on the crest and, finally, on the rear side. However, once the damage begins on the crest and rear side, the progression is much faster than on the front slope, because more wave energy is dissipated through the armored crest and rear side.The authors acknowledge the financial support from the Agencia Estatal de Investigacion and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) under grant RTI2018-101073-B-I00.Mares-Nasarre, P.; Argente, G.; Gómez-Martín, ME.; Medina, JR. (2021). Armor Damage of Overtopped Mound Breakwaters in Depth-Limited Breaking Wave Conditions. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 9(9):1-20. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9090952S1209

Análisis prosódico del par adverbial sólo-solamente en el registro oral-informal del español de Monterrey

A pesar de la extensa bibliografía especializada que existe en el estudio de los adverbios, hay un escaso número de investigaciones dedicadas a observar su realización prosódica. En este análisis se describen los contornos melódicos que presenta el par adverbial sólo-solamente y se determina si dichos contornos son sistemáticos cuando estos elementos promueven un valor semántico o un valor pragmático. Para este estudio, se utilizan 88 ejemplos de registro oral informal que forman parte del Corpus del Habla de Monterrey. Todos los casos se analizan bajo los parámetros del Modelo Métrico Autosegmental (AM) y el sistema de transcripción Sp-ToBI. Los resultados muestran que la realización prosódica del par adverbial presenta configuraciones vinculadas al contenido pragmático, pero no se trata de categorías discretas, dado que hay casos en los que se prescinde de estrategias prosódicas y se mantienen estrategias discursivas como el contexto y el contenido léxico.

Análisis para la recomendación de estrategias que fortalezcan la competitividad del Rodeo Calle 170 en busca de sus sostenibilidad económica

El documento que a continuación presentaremos trata del análisis de la situación actual de Hamburguesas del Rodeo CLL 170 en el marco económico, teniendo en cuenta su posicionamiento del nicho de mercado frente a la competencia, su estabilidad interna (clima laboral y capacitación del recurso humano), y la implementación de estrategias para mejorar estándares de calidad y promoción , ya que las situaciones que encontramos se basan en los problemas internos que el administrador ha encontrado en el diario a diario de la parte operativa , RRHH, mercadeo y logística de hamburguesas del rodeo CLL 170 . Comenzaremos por mostrarles el porque nos enfocamos en la sostenibilidad económica, para esto aplicaremos los conocimientos adquiridos durante el seminario acerca sostenibilidad, competitividad y herramientas estratégicas de gestión empresarial por ejemplo sabemos que basándonos en la sostenibilidad buscamos satisfacer las necesidades ya sea de una población, de un mercado, de una sociedad, eso si sin pasar por encima de otros o perjudicándolos, la idea es formar un equilibrio una equidad en todas las partes que abarca la palabra sostenibilidad ; ya enfocándonos más en la parte de sostenibilidad económica lo que queremos es mostrarles cómo afecta la falta de capacitación ,la promoción y estrategias de ventas que necesita una empresa para posicionarse y así ofrecer una sustentabilidad a la parte financiera y económica de la empresaThe document that we will present below deals with the analysis of the current situation of Hamburgers of the Rodeo CLL 170 in the economic framework, taking into account its positioning of the market niche against the competition, its internal stability (work environment and training of human resources), and the implementation of strategies to improve quality standards and promotion, since the situations we find are based on the internal problems that the administrator has found in the journal on a daily basis of the operational part, HR, marketing and logistics of hamburgers of the rodeo CLL 170. We will start by showing you why we focus on economic sustainability, for this we will apply the knowledge acquired during the seminar about sustainability, competitiveness and strategic business management tools by example we know that based on sustainability we seek to meet the needs be it of a population, of a market, of a society, that is, without going over others or harming them, the idea is to form a balance an equity in all the parts that encompasses the word sustainability; already focusing more on the sustainability part what we want is to show them how the lack of training affects, the promotion and sales strategies that a company needs to position itself and thus offer sustainability to the financial and economic part of the compan

Diseño de un sistema de gestión de seguridad y salud en el trabajo para la empresa PSE LTDA.

El diseño de un Sistema de Gestión de Seguridad y Salud en el trabajo, contemplando el Decreto 1072 de 2015 y la normatividad legal vigente de Colombia, para la empresa Proyectos y Servicios Electromecánicos Ltda., es una acción de cumplimiento, que redunda en importancia a diferente escala, pues no solo beneficia a la empresa en su estructura organizacional, sino que aporta al bienestar integral de los trabajadores, protege y previene de procesos carentes de estándares mínimos de seguridad, minimiza riesgos, lesiones y enfermedades laborales, como producto del desarrollo de las funciones propias del cargo, al prestar el servicio de montaje y mantenimiento de redes eléctricas de media y baja tensión y el suministro de materiales eléctricos. La mejora continua y la optimización en los procesos de la organización, son las ventajas que aporta el diseño de un SGSST, ya que al partir de un diagnóstico integral de las condiciones actuales de PSE Ltda., se generarán los lineamientos que van a representar la base para la construcción de procedimientos, programas, documentación y conformación de comités, acordes a la actividad económica de la empresa entregando así un producto específico y particular coherente con los peligros y riesgos asociados, reales y potenciales. (Henao Robledo, 2017)1. Título definitivo del trabajo de grado: 7 2. Planteamiento del problema 7 2.1. Descripción del problema 7 2.2. Pregunta de Investigación. 10 2.3. Objetivo General 10 2.4. Objetivos Específicos: 10 3. Justificación 11 4. Delimitación del contexto 15 Generalidades de la empresa. 15 5. Marcos Referenciales 16 5.1. Estado del arte 16 5.2. Marco Teórico 27 5.2.1. Conceptualización de la seguridad y salud en el trabajo 27 5.2.2. Historia de la seguridad y salud en el trabajo 27 5.2.3. La salud Ocupacional en el mundo y en Colombia 30 5.2.4. Transición del programa de salud ocupacional al sistema de gestión de seguridad y salud en Colombia 33 5.2.5. Conceptualización del Sistema de Gestión en Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo 33 5.2.6. Estructura Organizacional del Sistema de Gestión de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo 35 5.2.7. Diagnóstico de condiciones de trabajo 36 5.2.8. Actividad Económica 37 6. Hipótesis 42 7. Marco metodológico 42 7.1. Paradigma de la investigación: 42 7.2. Tipo de estudio: 43 7.3. Método de investigación: 43 7.4. Población 44 7.5. Muestra 45 7.6. Instrumentos de la Investigación 46 7.7. Técnicas de análisis de la Investigación: 49 7.8. Fases del estudio 50 7.9. Cronograma 51 7.10. Presupuesto 52 8. Resultados 53 8.1. Matriz de riesgos PSE LTDA 59 9. Análisis de resultados 66 9.1. Análisis de resultados objetivo específico 1. 67 9.2. Análisis de resultados objetivo específico 2. 67 9.3. Análisis de resultados objetivo específico 3. 67 10. Conclusiones 69 11. Recomendaciones 71 INFOGRAFÍA 73 ANEXOS 79EspecializaciónEspecialización en Gerencia de la Seguridad y Salud en el trabaj