2,256 research outputs found
No One To Bear Witness: Country Information and LGBTQ Asylum Seekers
This article examines the use of country information in determining claims for refugee status based on sexual orientation or gender identity. Limitations to country information remove diverse individual experiences from the “historical record” and obstruct marginalized individuals’ ability to prove their claims for protection. Discrimination and marginalization may be echoed and perpetuated within country information itself, which privileges certain voices over others. MD (same-sex-oriented males: risk) India CG [2014], the United Kingdom’s current “country guidance” decision on claims for protection by same-sex oriented men from India, is examined in light of these themes. Cet article étudie l’utilisation de renseignements sur le pays d’origine afin de déterminer les demandes de statut de réfugié en lien avec l’orientation sexuelle et l’identité de genre. Les limites en matière de renseignements sur le pays d’origine effacent du registre historique diverses expériences individuelles et font obstruction à la capacité qu’ont des personnes marginalisées de justifier leur demande de protection. La discrimination et la marginalisation peuvent être répétées et prorogées par l’information même délivrée par les pays, qui privilégie certaines voix sur d’autres. À la lumière de ces thèmes de réflexion est étudié le document du Upper Tribunal (Royaume-Uni) MD (same-sex oriented males: risk) India CG [2014], qui établit les lignes directrices actuelles de pays en matière de décision concernant les demandes de protection pour les hommes homosexuels provenant d’Inde
Search for the Heliospheric Termination Shock (TS) and Heliosheath (HS)
Voyager 1 continues to measure the very distant Heliospheric Magnetic Field (HMF) beyond 95 AU at ~35 North latitude. The MAG instrument data covers more than a full 22 years solar magnetic cycle. The magnitude of the observed HMF is well described, on average, by Parker's Archimedean spiral structure if due account is made for time variations of the source field strength and solar wind velocity. The V1 magnetic field observations do not provide any evidence for a field increase associated with entry into a subsonic solar wind region, such as the heliosheath is expected to be, nor an exit from this regime. We see no evidence for crossing of the Termination Shock (TS) as has been reported at ~85 AU by the LECP instrument. Merged Interaction Regions are identified by an increased HMF and associated decreases in the flux of >70 MeV/nuc cosmic rays which are then followed by a flux recovery. This CR-B relationship has been identified in V1 data and studied since 1982 when V1 was at 11 AU. The variance of HMF, a direct measure of the energy**1/2 in the HMF fluctuations, shows no significant changes associated with the alleged TS crossings in 2002–2003. Thus, the absence of any HMF increase at the entry into the heliosheath appears not to be due to the onset of mesoscale turbulence as proposed by Fisk. The TS has yet to be directly observed in-situ by the V1 MAG experiment in data through 2003
Particle mesh simulations of the Lyman-alpha forest and the signature of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations in the intergalactic medium
We present a set of ultra-large particle-mesh simulations of the LyA forest
targeted at understanding the imprint of baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) in
the inter-galactic medium. We use 9 dark matter only simulations which can, for
the first time, simultaneously resolve the Jeans scale of the intergalactic gas
while covering the large volumes required to adequately sample the acoustic
feature. Mock absorption spectra are generated using the fluctuating
Gunn-Peterson approximation which have approximately correct flux probability
density functions (PDFs) and small-scale power spectra. On larger scales there
is clear evidence in the redshift space correlation function for an acoustic
feature, which matches a linear theory template with constant bias. These
spectra, which we make publicly available, can be used to test pipelines, plan
future experiments and model various physical effects. As an illustration we
discuss the basic properties of the acoustic signal in the forest, the scaling
of errors with noise and source number density, modified statistics to treat
mean flux evolution and misestimation, and non-gravitational sources such as
fluctuations in the photo-ionizing background and temperature fluctuations due
to HeII reionization.Comment: 11 pages, 10 figures, minor changes to address referee repor
Integrated electrical and mechanical modelling of integrated-full-electric-propulsion systems
Integrated Full Electric Propulsion (IFEP) systems are the subject of much interest at present. Current research is focused on analysing and improving aspects of subsystem and system performance. However, there is a great need to look more widely at the `multi-physics' problem of characterising the dynamic interactions between the electrical and mechanical systems. This paper will discuss the changing nature of modelling and simulation to aid research into IFEP systems, outlining the alternative angle taken by the Advanced Marine Electrical Propulsion Systems (AMEPS) project to characterise and investigate electrical-mechanical system interactions. The paper will describe this approach and highlight the unique challenges associated with the problem, discussing the suitable methods that will be adopted to address these challenges. Finally, an overview of the present and future research opportunities facilitated via the AMEPS project will be presented
The Effect of Large-Scale Power on Simulated Spectra of the Lya forest
We study the effects of box size on ENZO simulations of the intergalactic
medium (IGM) at z = 2. We follow statistics of the cold dark matter (CDM) and
the Lya absorption. We find that the larger boxes have fewer pixels with
significant absorption (flux < 0.96) and more pixels in longer stretches with
little or no absorption, and they have wider Lya lines. We trace these effect
back to the additional power in larger boxes from longer wavelength modes. The
IGM in our larger boxes is hotter, from increased pressure heating due to
faster hydrodynamical infall. When we increase the photoheating in smaller
boxes to compensate, their Lya statistics change to mimic those of a box of
twice the size. Statistics converge towards their value in the largest (76.8
Mpc) box, except for the most common value of the CDM density which continues
to rise. When we compare to errors with data, we find that our 76.8 Mpc box is
larger than we need for the mean flux, barely large enough for the column
density distribution and the power spectrum of the flux, and too small for the
line widths. This box with 75 kpc cells has approximately the same mean flux as
QSO spectra, but the Lya lines are too wide by 2.6 km/s, there are too few
lines with log H I column densities > 10^17 cm^-2, and the power of the flux is
too low by 20 - 50%, from small to large scales. Four times smaller cell size
does not resolve these differences, nor do simple changes to the ultraviolet
background that drives the H and He II ionization. It is hard to see how
simulations using popular cosmological and astrophysical parameters can match
Lyman-alpha forest data at z=2
Design Concepts for Automating Maintenance Instructions
This research task was performed under the Technology for Readiness and Sustainment (TRS) contract (F33615-99-D-6001) for the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), Sustainment Logistics Branch (HESS) at Wright-Patterson AFB, OH. The period of performance spanned one year starting 29 January 1999. The objective of this task was to develop and demonstrate a framework that can support the automated validation and verification of aircraft maintenance Technical Orders (TOs). The research team examined all stages ofTO generation to determine which tasks most warranted further research. From that investigation, validation and verification of appropriate, safe, and correct procedure steps emerged as the primary research target. This process would be based on available computer-aided design (CAD) data, procedure step ordering from existing sources, and human models. This determination was based on which tasks could yield the greatest impact on the authoring process and offer the greatest potential economic benefits. The team then developed a research roadmap and outlined specific technologies to be addressed in possible subsequent Air Force research tasks. To focus on the potential technology integration of the validation and verification component into existing or future TO generation procedures, we defined a demonstration scenario. Using the Front Uplock Hook assembly from an F/A-18 as the subject, we examined task procedure steps and failures that could be exposed by automated validation tools. These included hazards to personnel, damage to equipment, and incorrect disassembly order. Using the Parameterized Action Representation (PAR) developed on previous projects for actions and equipment behaviors, we characterized procedure steps and their positive and negative consequences. Finally, we illustrated a hypothetical user interface extension to a typical Interactive Electronic Technical Manual (IETM) authoring system to demonstrate how this process might appear to the TO author
Phylogeny of Basal Iguanodonts (Dinosauria: Ornithischia): An Update
The precise phylogenetic relationships of many non-hadrosaurid members of Iguanodontia, i.e., basal iguanodonts, have been unclear. Therefore, to investigate the global phylogeny of basal iguanodonts a comprehensive data matrix was assembled, including nearly every valid taxon of basal iguanodont. The matrix was analyzed in the program TNT, and the maximum agreement subtree of the resulting most parsimonious trees was then calculated in PAUP. Ordering certain multistate characters and omitting taxa through safe taxonomic reduction did not markedly improve resolution. The results provide some new information on the phylogeny of basal iguanodonts, pertaining especially to obscure or recently described taxa, and support some recent taxonomic revisions, such as the splitting of traditional “Camptosaurus” and “Iguanodon”. The maximum agreement subtree also shows a close relationship between the Asian Probactrosaurus gobiensis and the North American Eolambia, supporting the previous hypothesis of faunal interchange between Asia and North America in the early Late Cretaceous. Nevertheless, the phylogenetic relationships of many basal iguanodonts remain ambiguous due to the high number of taxa removed from the maximum agreement subtree and poor resolution of consensus trees
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