Vascular density of histologically benign breast tissue from women with breast cancer: associations with tissue composition and tumor characteristics

In breast tumors, it is well established that intratumoral angiogenesis is crucial for malignant progression, but little is known about the vascular characteristics of extratumoral, cancer-adjacent breast. Genome-wide transcriptional data suggest that extratumoral microenvironments may influence breast cancer phenotypes; thus, histologic features of cancer-adjacent tissue may also have clinical implications. To this end, we developed a digital algorithm to quantitate vascular density in approximately 300 histologically benign tissue specimens from breast cancer patients enrolled in the UNC Normal Breast Study (NBS). Specimens were stained for CD31, and vascular content was compared to demographic variables, tissue composition metrics, and tumor molecular features. We observed that the vascular density of cancer-adjacent breast was significantly higher in older and obese women, and was strongly associated with breast adipose tissue content. Consistent with observations that older and heavier women experience higher frequencies of ER+ disease, higher extratumoral vessel density was also significantly associated with positive prognostic tumor features such as lower stage, negative nodal status, and smaller size (<2 cm). These results reveal biological relationships between extratumoral vascular content and body size, breast tissue composition, and tumor characteristics, and suggest biological plausibility for the relationship between weight gain (and corresponding breast tissue changes) and breast cancer progression

Diving into the vertical dimension of elasmobranch movement ecology

Knowledge of the three-dimensional movement patterns of elasmobranchs is vital to understand their ecological roles and exposure to anthropogenic pressures. To date, comparative studies among species at global scales have mostly focused on horizontal movements. Our study addresses the knowledge gap of vertical movements by compiling the first global synthesis of vertical habitat use by elasmobranchs from data obtained by deployment of 989 biotelemetry tags on 38 elasmobranch species. Elasmobranchs displayed high intra- and interspecific variability in vertical movement patterns. Substantial vertical overlap was observed for many epipelagic elasmobranchs, indicating an increased likelihood to display spatial overlap, biologically interact, and share similar risk to anthropogenic threats that vary on a vertical gradient. We highlight the critical next steps toward incorporating vertical movement into global management and monitoring strategies for elasmobranchs, emphasizing the need to address geographic and taxonomic biases in deployments and to concurrently consider both horizontal and vertical movements

1.76 Ga Volcano-plutonism In The Southwestern Amazonian Craton, Aripuanã-mt, Brazil: Tectono-stratigraphic Implications From Shrimp U-pb Zircon Data And Rock Geochemistry

Paleoproterozoic felsic and mafic volcanic rocks, extrusive and hypabyssal quartz porphyry, and high-K, A-type epizonal granites dominate the Aripuanã region in the southwestern Amazonian craton in the Mato Grosso state of Brazil. The extrusive and intrusive felsic rocks display similar major and trace elements abundance's and equivalent SHRIMP U-Pb ages of 1762-1755 Ma; contacts between them in the field occur gradually. The felsic volcanic activity occurred predominantly as explosive subaqueous volcanism. Various features such as absence of plate collision evidences, lack of any sign of oceanic crust, lack of complete trends of magmatic differentiation, and bimodal characteristics suggest that the magmatism was intracratonic. The characteristically undeformed felsic igneous rocks were formed by extensional events, probably triggered by mantle activation in an intracratonic 'anorogenic' or post-collisional environment. Throughout the Amazonian craton there are wide areas displaying similar magmatism responsible for the generation of distinctive A-type granites. These A-type granites and associated volcanic rocks yield ages of ∼ 1.76 Ga, suggesting that they are genetically linked and that there was a unique tectonic mechanism of widespread action in this craton. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.1191-4171187Almeida, F.F.M., Evolução tectônica do cráton do guaporé comparada com o escudo báltico (1974) Rev. Brasil Geoci., 4, pp. 191-204Compston, W., Williams, I.S., Meyer, C., U-Pb geochronology of zircons from lunar breccia 73217 using a sensitive high mass-resolution ion microprobe (1984) J. Geophys. Res., 89, pp. 525-534Costa, J.B.S., Hasui, Y., Evolução geológica da Amazônia (1997) Sociedade Brasileira de Geologia, pp. 15-90. , Costa, M.L., Angélica, R.S. (Eds.), Contribuiçõs à Geologia da Amazônia (in Portuguese)Dall'Agnol, R., Lafon, J.M., Macambira, M.J.B., Proterozoic anorogenic magmatism in the Central Amazonian Province, Amazonian Craton: Geochronological, petrological and geochemical aspects (1994) Mineral. Petrol., 50, pp. 113-138De Laeter, J.R., Kennedy, A.K., A double focusing mass spectometer for geochronology (1998) Int. J. Mass Spect., 178, pp. 43-50Eby, G.N., The A-type granitoids: A review of their occurrence and chemical characteristics and speculations on their petrogenesis (1990) Lithos, 26, pp. 115-134Geraldes, M.C., Teixeira, W., Van Schmus, W.R., Isotopic and chemical evidence for three accretionary magmatic arcs ( 1.79-1.42 Ga) in the SW Amazon Craton, Mato Grosso State (2000) Brazil. Rev. Brasil. Geoci., 30 (1), pp. 99-101Irvine, T.R., Baragar, W.R.A., A guide to the chemical classification of the common volcanic rocks (1971) Can. J. Earth Sci., 8, pp. 523-548Karlstrom, K.E., Harlan, S.H., Williams, M.L., McLelland, J., Geissman, J.W., Ahäll, K.I., Refining rodinia: Geologic evidence for the Australia - Western US connection in the proterozoic (1999) GSA Today, 9 (10), pp. 4-7Keavey, P., Vine, F.J., (1994) Global Tectonics, , Blackwell, OxfordLe Maitre, R.W., Bateman, P., Dudek, A., Keller, J., Lamiere, J., Le Bas, M.J., Sabine, P.A., Zanettin, B., (1989) A Classification of Igneous Rocks and Glossary of Terms, , Blackwell, OxfordManiar, P.D., Picolli, P.M., Tectonic discrimination granitoids (1989) Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 101, pp. 635-643Miyashiro, A., Volcanic rock series in volcanic arcs and active continental margins (1974) Am. J. Sci., 274, pp. 321-355Montalvão, R.M.G., Bezerra, P.E.L., Drago, V.A., Cunha, B.C.C., Cobertura de plataforma da amazônia sua sedimentação e evolução tectônica (1984) Anais do XXXIII Congresso Brasileiro de Geologia, pp. 2101-2123. , Rio de Janeiro, in PortugueseNeder, R.D.N., Figueiredo, B.R., Beaudry, C., Collins, C., Leite, J.A.D., The expedito massive sulfide deposit (2000) Mato Grosso. Rev. Brasil. Geoci., 30 (2), pp. 222-225Nuttmann, A., Kinny, P.D., Compston, W., Williams, I.S., Shrimp U-Pb zircon geochronology of the Narrier Gneiss Complex, Western Australia (1991) Precambrian Res., 52, pp. 275-300Pearce, J.A., Trace element characteristics of lavas from destructive plate margins (1982) Andesites, Orogenic Andesites and Related Rocks, pp. 525-548. , Thorpe, R.S. (Ed.), Wiley, ChichesterPearce, J.A., Cann, J.R., Tectonic setting of mafic volcanic rocks determined using trace element analyses (1973) Earth Planet Sci. Lett., 19, pp. 290-300Pearce, J.A., Harris, N.B.W., Tindle, A.G., Trace element discrimination diagrams for the tectonic interpretation of granitic rocks (1984) J. Petrol., 25, pp. 956-983Pinho, M.A.S.B., Lima, E.F., Chemale F., Jr., (1999) Geologia da Região do Moriru-Dados Preliminares da Formação Iriri-Aripuanã-Mato Grosso. Boletim de Resumos, p. 14. , Programa VII Simpósio de Geologia do Centro-Oeste e X Simpósio de geologia de Minas Gerais, Brasília, in PortuguesePinho, M.S.A.B., Pinho, F.E.C., Quadros, A.P., Chemale F., Jr., (2001) Discussao do Termo Uatumã-Iriri, Região Norte do Estado de Mato Grosso-Brasil. Resumos Expandidos - VII Simpósio de Geologia da Amazônia, pp. 15-18. , Sociedade Brasileira de Geologia, Belém, in PortugueseSantos, J.O.S., (2000) Os Terrenos Paleoproterozóicos da Provincia Tapajós e as Mineralizações de Ouro Associadas, , Ph.D. thesis, Univ. Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in PortugueseSchobbenhaus, C., Hoppe, A., Lorke, A., Baumann, A., (1994) Idade U/Pb do Magmatismo Uatumã no Norte do Cráton Amazônico. Escudo das Guianas (Brasil): Primeiros Resultados, 2, pp. 395-397. , Sociedade Brasileira de Geologia, XXXVIII Congresso Brasileira de Geologia Ext. Abstr., in PortugueseSilva, H.A., Leal, J.W.L., Montalvão, R.M.G., Bezerra, P.E.L., Pimenta, O.N.S., Tassinari, C.C.G., Fernandes, C.A.C., Geologia (1980) Projecto RADAM-BRASIL, pp. 21-116. , Folha SC-21 Juruena, DNPM/MME, Rio de Janeiro, in PortugueseSmith, J.B., Barley, M.E., Groves, D.I., Krapez, B., McNaughton, N.J., Bickle, M.J., Chapman, H.J., The Scholl shear zone, West Pilbara: Evidence for a terrane boundary structure from integrated tectonic analyses, SHRIMP U/Pb dating and isotopic and geochemical data of granitoids (1998) Precambrian Res., 88, pp. 143-171Tassinari, C.C.G., (1981) Evolução Tectônica da Província Rio Negro-Juruena na Região Amazônica, , Dissertação de MSc. Univ. São Paulo, Brazil (in Portuguese)Tassinari, C.C.G., (1996) O Mapa Geocronológico do Cráton Amazônico no Brasil: Revisão dos dados Isotópicos, , Tese de livre Docência, Univ. São Paulo, Brazil, (in Portuguese)Tassinari, C.C.G., Macambira, M.J.B., Geochronological provinces of the Amazonian Craton (1999) Episodes, 22 (3), pp. 174-181Tassinari, C.C.G., Cordani, U.G., Nutman, P., Van Schmus, W.R., Bettencourt, J.S., Taylor, P.N., Geochronological systematics on basement rocks from the Rio Negro-Juruena Province (Amazonian Craton) and tectonic implications (1996) Int. Geol. Rev., 38, pp. 161-175Trompette, R., Carozi, A.C., (1994) Geology of Western Gondwana, , A.A. Balkema, RotterdamVavra, G., Systematics of internal zircon morphology in major Variscan granitoid types (1994) Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 117, pp. 331-344Vasquez, M.L., Klein, E.L., Quadros, M.L.E., Bahia, R.B.C., Santos, A., Ricci, P., Sachett, C.R., Macambira, M.J.B., Magmatismo uatumã na província tapajós - Novos dados geocronológicos. VI Simpósio de Geologia da Amazônia (1999) Ext. Abstr. Bull., pp. 471-474. , in PortugueseVasquez, M.L., Klein, E.L., Ricci, P.S.F., Granitóides pós-colisionais da porção leste da província tapajós. VII Simpósio de Geologia da Amazônia (2001) Ext. Abstr. Bull., pp. 46-54. , in PortugueseWinchester, J.A., Floyd, P.A., Geochemical discrimination of different magma series and their differentiation products using imobile elements (1977) Chem. Geol., 20, pp. 325-34

Geology And Shrimp U-pb Geochronology Of The Igarapé Bahia Deposit, Carajás Copper-gold Belt, Brazil: An Archean (2.57 Ga) Example Of Iron-oxide Cu-au-(u-ree) Mineralization

Striking feature of the Carajás region, Brazil, is the clustering of a variety of different types of Cu-Au deposits. The most abundant in the belt are the >200 million metric tons (Mt) of Fe oxide Cu-Au-(U-REE) deposits, which, despite the variety of host rocks and different orebody morphologies, share a number of diagnostic features, including (1) intense Fe metasomatism leading to the formation of grunerite, fayalite, and/or Fe oxides (magnetite and/or hematite); (2) intense carbonate alteration (mainly siderite); (3) sulfur-poor ore mineralogy (chalcopyrite and bornite); (4) quartz-deficient gangue; (5) extreme low REE enrichment, and (6) enrichment in U and Co. The Igarapé Bahia deposit is perhaps the best documented Fe oxide Cu-Au-(U-REE) deposit of the belt, containing about 219 Mt at 1.4 percent Cu and 0.86 g/t Au. The Cu-Au ore consists of steeply dipping breccia bodies that are hosted by hydrothermally altered metavolcano-sedimentary rocks. SHRIMP II zircon dating of the host metavolcanic rocks gives a 207Pb/ 206Pb age of 2748 ± 34 Ma. This suggests a correlation between the Igarapé Bahia volcano-sedimentary sequence and the Grão Pará volcanic rocks, which have published ages of ca. 2.75 Ga. SHRIMP dating of monazite from the matrix of ore-bearing magnetite breccias gives a 207Pb/ 206Pb age of 2575 ± 12 Ma, confirming the epigenetic nature of the mineralization and placing it ∼175 m.y. after accumulation of the host volcano-sedimentary sequence. The 2575 ± 12 Ma SHRIMP age of hydrothermal monazite from the Igarapé Bahia mineralization is indistinguishable from published conventional 207Pb/ 206Pb ages for zircons from the Archean A-type granites of the Carajás belt, indicating that mineralization processes at Igarapé Bahia were temporally related to these A-type Archean granites. The wide range of highly radiogenic 87Sr/ 86Sr ratios (0.714-0.755) of carbonates from the Igarapé Bahia deposit suggests multiple crustal sources, consistent with a magmatic-hydrothermal origin. SHRIMP dating of zircon xenocrysts recovered from crosscutting diabase dikes indicates a maximum 207Pb/ 206Pb age of ∼2670 Ma, consistent with field evidence and the age of host rocks, but does not unequivocably constrain the age of the ores. The styles of hydrothermal alteration, mineralogy, and geochemistry of the Igarapé Bahia ore, as well as published fluid inclusion and stable isotope data, support its classification as a member of the world-class Olympic Dam-type Fe oxide Cu-Au-(U-REE) group of deposits, as previously argued by several authors. The SHRIMP age of 2575 ± 12 Ma for hydrothermal monazite indicates that Igarapé Bahia is an Archean example of this deposit group. © 2005 Society of Economic Geologists, Inc.1001728Almada, M.C.O., O Corpo Acampamento Sul do depósito Bahia, Carajás: Características geológicas e fluidos hidrotermais (1998), p. 99. , Unpublished M.Sc. thesis, Belém, Brazil, Universidade Federal do ParáAlthoff, A.M.R., Villas, R.N., Giuliani, G., A mineralização cuprífera da Área Bahia, Serra dos Carajás (PA): Evolução dos fluidos hidrotermais e modelo metalogenético (1994) Geochemica Brasiliense, 8, pp. 135-155Angélica, R.S., Mineralogia e geoquímica dos gossans e lateritos auríferos na Região de Carajás, Estado do Pará: Os depósitos de Igarapé Bahia e Águas Claras (1996), p. 115. , Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Belém, Brazil, Universidade Federal do ParáAraújo, O.J.B., Maia, R.G.N., Xafi, J.J.S., Costa, J.B.S., A megaestruturação arqueana da folha Serra dos Carajás (1988), pp. 324-333. , Congresso Latino-Americano de Geologia, VII, Belém, Sociedade Brasileira de Geologia, AnaisBarreira, C.F., Soares, A.D.V., Ronzê, P.C., Descoberta do Depósito Cu-Au Alemão-Província Mineral de Carajás (PA) (1999) Simpósio De Geologia Da Amazônia, VI, pp. 136-139. , [ext. abs.]: Manaus, Sociedade Brasilaira de Geologia, Extended Abstract BulletinBarrie, C.T., Hannington, M.D., Classification of volcanic-associated massive sulfide deposits based on host-rock composition (1999) Reviews in Economic Geology, 8, pp. 1-11Barros, C.E.M., Barbey, P., A importância da granitogênese tardiarqueana (2.5 Ga) na evolução tectono-metamórfica da Província Mineral de Carajás-O Complexo Granítico Estrela e sua auréola de contato (1998) Revista Brasileira De Geociências, 28, pp. 513-522Barros, C.E.M., Dall'Agnoll, R., Lafon, J.M., Teixeira, N.P., Ribeiro, J.W., Geologia e geocronologia Rb-Sr do Gnaisse Estrela, Curionópolis, PA (1992) Boletin Do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Ciências Da Terra, 4, pp. 83-104Barros, C.E.M., Dall'Agnoll, R., Barbey, P., Boullier, A.M., Geochemistry of the Estrela Complex, Carajás region, Brazil: An example of an Archean A-type granite (1997) Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 10, pp. 321-330Barros, C.E.M., Barbey, P., Boullier, A.M., Role of magma pressure, tectonic stress and crystallization progress in the emplacement of syntectonic granites. The A-type Estrela Granite Complex (Carajás mineral province, Brazil) (2001) Tectonophysics, 343, pp. 93-109Barton, M.D., Johnson, D.A., Evaporitic-source model for igneous-related Fe oxide-(REE-Cu-Au-U) mineralization (1996) Geology, 24, pp. 259-262Campbell, I.H., Compston, D.M., Richards, J.P., Johnson, J.P., Kent, A.J.R., Review of the application of isotopic studies to the genesis of Cu-Au mineralization at Olympic Dam and Au mineralization at Porgera, Tennant Creek district and Yilgarn craton (1998) Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 45, pp. 201-218Compston, W., Williams, I.S., Campbell, I.H., Gresham, J.J., Zircon xenocrysts from the Kambalda volcanics: Age constraints and direct evidence for the older continental crust below the Kambalda-Norseman greenstones (1986) Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 76, pp. 299-311Cordeiro, A.A.C., Pesquisa mineral: Panorama atual da CVRD na Amazônia (1999) Simpósio De Geologia Da Amazônia, VI, pp. 80-83. , [ext. abs.]: Manaus, Sociedade Brasilaira de Geologia, Extended Abstract BulletinCross, K.C., Daly, S.J., Flint, R.B., Mineralization associated with the GRV and Hiltaba Suite granitoids (1993) Geological Survey of Southern Australia Bulletin, 54, p. 242Davidson, G.J., Large, R.R., Gold metallogeny and the copper-gold association of Australian Proterozoic (1994) Mineralium Deposita, 29, pp. 208-223Dias, G.S., Macambira, M.J.B., Dall'Agnol, R., Soares, A.D.V., Barros, C.E.M., Datação de zircões de Sill de metagabro: Comprovação da idade arqueana da Formação Águas Claras, Carajás, Pará (1996) Simpósio De Geologia Da Amazônia, V, pp. 376-379. , [ext. abs.]: Belém, Sociedade Brasileira de Geologia, Extended Abstracts BulletinProvíncia Mineral de Carajás. Litoestratigrafia e principais depósitos minerais (1988), p. 165. , Docegeo (Rio Doce Geologia e Mineração S.A.), Congresso Brasileiro de Geologia, XXXV, Belém, Companhia Vale do Rio Doce and Sociedade Brasileiro de Geologia, Anexo aos AnaisEvensen, N.M., Hamilton, P.J., O'Nions, R.K., Rare-earth abundances in chondritic meteorites (1978) Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta, 42, pp. 1199-1212Farias, N.R., Saueressig, R., Jazida de cobre Salobo 3A (1982) Simpósio De Geologia Da Amazônia, I, pp. 61-73. , Salvador, Bahia, Secretaria de Minas e EnergiaFaure, G., Powell, J.L., Strontium isotope geology. Mineral, rocks and inorganic materials (1972) Monograph Series of Theoretical and Experimental Studies, 5, p. 188. , New York, Springer-VerlagFerreira Filho, C.F., Geologia e mineralizações sulfetadas do Prospecto Bahia, Província Mineral de Carajás (1985), p. 112. , Unpublished M.Sc. thesis, Brasília, Brazil, Universidade de BrasíliaFoster, G., Kinny, P., Vance, D., Prince, C., Harris, N., The significance of monazite U-Th-Pb age data in metamorphic assemblages: A combined study of monazite and garnet chronometry (2000) Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 181, pp. 327-340Gibbs, A.K., Wirth, K.R., Geologic setting of the Serra dos Carajás iron deposits, Brazil (1990) Ancient Banded Iron Formations (Regional Presentations), pp. 83-102. , Chauvel, J.J., Yuqi, C., and El Shazly, E.M., eds., Athens, TheophrastusGibbs, A.K., Wirthe, K.R., Hirata, W.K., Olszewski Jr., W.J., Age and composition of the Grão Pará Group volcanics, Serra dos Carajás (1986) Revista Brasileira De Geociências, 16, pp. 201-211Gieré, R., Formation of rare earth minerals in hydrothermal systems (1996) Rare Earth Minerals, pp. 105-150. , Jones, A.P., Wall, F., and Williams, C.T., eds., London, Chapman and HallGow, P.A., Wall, V.J., Oliver, N.H.S., Valenta, R.K., Proterozoic iron oxide (Cu-U-Au-REE) deposits: Further evidence of hydrothermal origins (1994) Geology, 22, pp. 633-636Groves, D.I., Vielreicher, N.M., The Phalabowra (Palabora) carbonatite-hosted magnetite-copper sulfide deposit, South Africa: An end-member of the iron-oxide copper-gold-rare earth element deposit group? (2001) Mineralium Deposita, 36, pp. 189-194Haynes, D.W., Cross, K.C., Bills, R.T., Reed, M.H., Olympic Dam ore genesis: A fluid-mixing model (1995) Economic Geology, 90, pp. 281-307Hitzman, M.W., Oreskes, N., Einaudi, M.T., Geological characteristics and tectonic setting of Proterozoic iron oxide (Cu-U-Au-REE) deposits (1992) Precambrian Research, 58, pp. 241-287Holdsworth, R.E., Pinheiro, R.V.L., The anatomy of shallow-crustal transpressional structures: Insights from the Archean Carajás fault zone, Amazon, Brazil (2000) Journal of Structural Geology, 22, pp. 1105-1123Huhn, S.R.B., Santos, A.B.S., Amaral, A.F., Ledsham, E.J., Gougêa, J.L., Martins, L.P., Montalvao, R.G.M., Costa, V.G., O terreno "granito greenstone" da região de Rio Maria-Sul do Pará (1988), pp. 1438-1452. , [ext. abs.]: Congresso Brasileiro de Geologia, XXXV, Belém, Sociedade Brasileira de Geologia, AnaisHuhn, S.R.B., Souza, C.I.J., Albuquerque, M.C., Leal, E.D., Brustolin, V., Descoberta do depósito Cu(Au) Cristalino: Geologia e mineralização associada-Região da Serra do Rabo-Carajás-PA (1999) Simpósio De Geologia Da Amazônia, VI, pp. 140-143. , Manaus, BoletimHuhn, S.R.B., Macambira, M.J.B., Dall'Agnol, R., Geologia e geocronologia Pb/Pb do granito alcalino Arqueano Planalto, Região da Serra do Rabo, Carajás-PA (1999) Simpósio De Geologia Da Amazônia, VI, pp. 463-466. , Manaus, Sociedade Brasilaira de Geologia, Extended Abstract BulletinJaffey, A.H., Flynn, K.F., Glendenin, L.E., Bentley, W.C., Essling, A.M., Precision measurement of half lives and specific activities of 235U and 238U (1971) Physics Reviews, C4, pp. 1889-1906Kerrich, R., Goldfarb, R., Groves, D.I., Garwin, S., The geodynamics of world-class gold deposits: Characteristics, space-time distribution, and origins (2000) Reviews in Economic Geology, 13, pp. 501-551Lancaster, O.J., Fanton, J., Almeida, A.J., Leveille, R.A., Vieira, S., Discovery and geology of the Sossego copper-gold deposit, Carajás district, Pará State, Brazil (2000), [abs.]: International Geological Congress, 31st, Rio de Janeiro, Sociedade Brasileira de Geologia, Abstract volume (CDROM)Large, R.R., Australian volcanic-hosted massive sulfide deposits: Features, styles, and genetic model (1992) Economic Geology, 87, pp. 471-510Lindenmayer, Z.G., Salobo sequence, Carajás, Brazil: Geology, geochemistry and metamorphism (1990), p. 407. , Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, London, ON, University of Western OntarioLindenmayer, Z.G., Ronchi, L.H., Laux, J.H., Geologia e geoquímica da mineralização de Cu-Au primária da mina de Au do Igarapé Bahia, Serra dos Carajás (1998) Revista Brasileira De Geociências, 28, pp. 257-268Ludwig, K.R., (2001) SQUID 1.00 - A User's Manual, 2, p. 17. , Berkeley Geochronology Centre Special PublicationLudwig, K.R., User manual for Isoplot/Ex rev. 2.49 - A geochronological toolkit for Microsoft Excel (2001), 1 A, p. 56. , Berkeley Geochronology Centre Special PublicationMachado, N., Lindenmayer, Z., Krogh, T.E., Lindenmayer, D., U-Pb geochronology of Archean magmatism and basement reactivation in the Carajás area, Amazon Shield, Brazil (1991) Precambrian Research, 49, pp. 329-354Mellito, K.M., Aplicações dos sistemas Rb-Sr, Pb-Pb e Sm-Nd no depósito polimetálico do Salobo 3A, Província Mineral de Carajás, Pará (1998), p. 90. , Unpublished M.Sc. thesis, São Paulo, Brazil, Universidade de São PauloMontalvao, R.G.M., Tassinari, C.C.G., Bezerra, P.E.L., Geocronologia dos granitóides e gnaisses das regiões do Rio Maria, Fazenda Mata Geral e Rio Itacaiunas, Sul do Pará (Distrito Carajás-Cumaru) (1984), p. 153. , [abs.]: Congresso Brasileiro de Geologia, XXXIII, Rio de Janeiro, Sociedade Brasileira de Geologia, ResumosMuogeot, R., Respaut, J.P., Briqueu, L., Ledru, P., Milesi, P., Lerouge, C., Marcoux, E., Macambira, M.J.B., Isotope geochemistry constraints for Cu, Au mineralizations and evolution of the Carajás province (Pará, Brazil) (1996), 7, pp. 321-324. , [ext. abs.]: Congresso Brasileiro, de 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