219 research outputs found
Blood oxygen and carbon dioxide transport in man
The effect of long term domiciliary oxygen therapy on
the position and shape of the oxygen dissociation curve,
together with other haematologic variables such as 2,3-
diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG), haemoglobin concentration,
packed cell volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration,
and arterial blood gas and pH values, has been studied in
patients with chronic bronchitis. Twenty-six patients were
randomly allocated to receive either no oxygen therapy or
15 hours per day oxygen therapy. The two groups were initially
well matched for age and disablement.
Haemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume (P.C.V.)
were the only variables to differ significantly between the two
groups of patients after start of oxygen treatment, but those
patients receiving oxygen therapy showed significant decreases
in 2,3-DPG, together with haemoglobin concentration and P.C.V.
from the pre-treatment values.
The effect of elevated COHb levels, (similar to those
encountered in patients who smoke) on exercise tolerance was
studied in patients with chronic bronchitis, whose exercise
capacity was already limited due to hypoxaemia. Exercise
tolerance, assessed by the distance walked in 12 minutes, was
lower after elevation of COHb levels, and a significant
correlation was established between calculated femoral venous
oxygen tensions (assuming A(A-V)02 values of 7 and 10 ml/100 ml
blood) and the 12-minute walking distance. (r=0.34, P>0.01
and r=0.33, P<0.01
Campus en-counter : counter narratives of the persistence of black males at a PWI
Given the low retention and completion rates, research on Black men typically focuses on the problems or barriers they face, even when successful. Rather than focusing on the problems Black men are experiencing, it is important that scholars give attention to those Black men who are succeeding to create a counter narrative to the stereotypical misandry of Black men in our society. These counter narratives remind us that Black men can and do succeed, which is a truth not often heard. The current research identifies concepts in this literature that serve as hermeneutics to examine counter narratives of student departure. The theoretical frameworks used throughout this study are theories of masculinity and Tinto's (1993) theory of student departure, which were used to examine the experiences of Black, male, third and fourth year undergraduate students who entered college without declaring a major and have persisted at a large, public, predominately White institution in the Midwest (The University of Missouri or Mizzou). Seven students were recruited through purposeful sampling and participated in a three interview sequence model (Seidman, 1998). From this, five overarching themes developed. (1) Peer pressure, external influences, and institutional support; (2) Finding an academic path; (3) Black Mizzou; and (4) Establishing identity. Within the context of the study, a conclusion, recommendations for research, and implications for practice were discussed
Feasibility study of the design of Bi Ra Systems, Incorporated model 5301, 5101, and 3222 CAMAC modules for space use
Cost estimates are determined for redesigned modules. Consideration is given to incorporation of NASA approved components, component screening and documentation, as well as reduced power consumption. Results show that r designed modules will function reliably in a space environment of 50 C and withstand greater than 15 G's of random vibration between 40 Hz and 400 Hz
Sex Education in the Schools: What Role Does it Play?
Information regarding pubertal development, sex, pregnancy, and contraception should be provided to children and adolescents in an age-appropriate manner from parents, health care providers, and schools. This article reviews the medical literature on school sex education programs, adolescents\u27 perception of these programs, and the role played by the media, parents, and health care professionals in sexual education of teens
Stage-Structured Periodic Population Model for the Florida Leafwing
The Florida leafwing is an endemic butterfly which is distributed in
South Florida and the lower Keys. Stage-structured population models are a useful
tool for the management and conservation of Florida leafwing. In this work we use
a discrete-time periodic control system for describing a leafwing population. One
of the main differences between this model and classical stage-structured models
is that in the current model we can alter the number of adults contributing to
eggs production. This allows us to control the population. The solution of the
problem is obtained using invariant formulations of positive periodic systems.Coll, C.; Horvitz, CC.; Mcelderry, R. (2012). Stage-Structured Periodic Population Model for the Florida Leafwing. International Journal of Complex Systems in Science. 2(1):1-5. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/80716S152
Educating Adolescents about Puberty: What are we Missing?
Adolescents undergo significant physical and cognitive changes during their pubertal development. These changes contribute to and impact their future development. Educating adolescents at an early age about their expected development decreases the possible anxiety associated with this period of life and also helps adolescents make better choices in regards to their sexuality. In order to assess the degree of education regarding pubertal development and sexuality, we conducted a survey of late adolescents (Median age 19 years) and parents of adolescents. A total of 409 adolescents (237 females, 172 males) and 124 parents completed the survey. 14.4% of teens (36.6% of males and 2% of females) reported that no one spoke to them prior or during puberty about pubertal development or sexuality issues. Teens receiving some form of puberty/sexuality education did so at a median age of 13 for girls and 15 for boys. More than one source of information was the most common (49%) followed by mother only (20%). 85% of parents reported talking to their teens about pubertal development and sexuality. There were several differences between areas reported covered by parents but not by teens, for example 72% of parents reported talking to their teens about gender differences in growth but only 31% of teens reported being spoken to about that. Areas that are very poorly covered are breast development in boys and sexual assault/date rape in girls at 5% and 26% respectively. In summary, it appears that we continue to do a relatively poor job in educating our kids about their development and sexuality and we do it late. Boys are even less likely than girls to be talked to about many areas of pubertal development and sexuality and when that is done, it is done at a later age
A Qualitative Impact Evaluation of the First Love Yourself (FLY) Women’s Support Group
Research has shown that social support groups not only have significant effects on the physical and mental health of individuals, but can also be used as predictors of health outcomes. It is, therefore, important that social workers and other public health professionals are aware of the social support groups that exist in communities so as to find ways to utilize these to meet health needs. The study aims to explore the First Love Yourself (FLY) group, an empowerment-based support group specifically designed to meet the needs of Healthy Start consumers, parents and consortium members. A qualitative analysis of the data gathered from this focus group study yielded several key themes. While participants described finding other community resources helpful, they reported having no other outlet for confidential self-expression and connection to peers other than the FLY group. Group members also reported having improved self-esteem, relationships with their children, partners, and family, and ability to cope as a result of participation in the group. Participants further described gaining knowledge and learning skills that were helpful. This included learning parenting, communication, stress and anger management, budgeting, goal-setting and coping skills and techniques. Finally, qualitative analysis of the data gained from the focus group with participants and the group leader revealed the presence of all 11 curative factors described by Yalom (2005). The primary areas for improvement noted by the group and its leader were related to the frequency of group meetings. Both audiences indicated that additional sessions would be beneficial
Contrasting deformation styles in the Domeyko Fault System, northern Chile.
Subduction of an oceanic plate under the Pacific margin of South America has heen prevalent since
Jurassic times. Magmatic and deformation centres have migrated eastward since suhduction began.
Northern Chile houses two north-south trench linked strike-slip fault systems, the Atacama Fault Zone and
the Domeyko Fault System (DFS). The DFS lies within the Chilean Precordillera from 2 10 to 28°S.
Lateral movement began on the DFS in the Eocene. The DFS can be divided into three segments which
have apparently undergone differing deformation histories. This study has focused on the central segment
of the DFS, to determine fault kinematics and to establish a relative chronology of deformation.
Observations have been made in more detail than previous investigations and have heen used to infer the
deformation history . Shallow level faulting has resulted in heavily fractured zones with occasional
slickenline surfaces. It is difficult to infer kinematics of faulting from these. Much effort has been
expended in developing techniques to analyse fracture patterns associated with brittle faulting under
conditions of plane strain, simple shear.
A novel approach of analysing the shapes of clasts of rock defined by secondary fractures within a fault
zone has been used. The clasts approximate ellipses when viewed in 2 dimensions. Combining ellipse
orientation and aspect ratio from mutually perpendicular sections through the fault zone allowed
calculation of an ellipsoid representative of the clasts of rock in 3 dimensions. Independent determination
of the fault kinematics using stratigraphic relationships across the fault, fracture distribution, incremental
strain axes and palaeomagnetic analysis has all owed evaluation of the new technique. The shapes of rock
clasts are found to be related to the kinematics of the fault system. Up to a critical stage of development of
the fault zone the axes of the rock clasts parallel the slip direction, intermediate strain axis and pole to the
boundary faults. Which rock clast axis parallels which structural feature depends upon the spacing and
curvature of fractures and stage of development of the fault zone. Analysis of the shapcs or rock clasts
defined by fractures can avoid bias of the data set towards thicker fractures or against irregular fractures,
which can occur when measuring fracture orientations directly. The degree of development of the fault
zone varies laterally along the fault over short distances. This causes the shape.: fabric of the rock clasts to
change, so predictions of connectivity within a fault zone are limited.
The history of the central segment of the DFS determined from this study is found to occur with earlier
workers. The complementary deformation histories produced from two scales of ohservation verifies the
reliability of the chronology. Lateral movements along the DFS are thought to begin in the Eocene with a
sinistral transpressive event which occurred along all three segments of the DFS. En echelon folds, east
and west verging thrusts and clockwise rotations associated with sinistral faulting along the master fault of
the segment are documented. Later, in the Oligocene, dextral faulting occurred. large clockwise
palaeomagnetic rotations, determined from Palaeozoic samples beside the master fault, indicate sinistral
displacements have been larger than dextral disp acements. It is inferred that only one episode of large
lateral transport occurred. This is the Eocene sinistral event. Normal faulting associated with sinistral
displ acements along the western side of the system are documented. This later sinistral faulting has not
been documented before in the central segment of the DFS. After Oligocene age dextral faulting, the three
segments of the DFS underwent separate deformation histories, as the main Andean deformation foci had
moved eastward
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