The Impact of Clapper v. Amnesty International USA on the Doctrine of Fear-Based Standing

The Supreme Court\u27s 2013 decision in Clapper v. Amnesty International USA dealt with the government\u27s electronic surveillance authority under the Foreign Intelligence SurveillanceAct (FISA) Amendments. In a 5- 4 opinion, the Court held that a variety of U.S. persons, including attorneys and media organizations, did not have standing to challenge the constitutionality of the FISA Amendments because the plaintiffs\u27 fear of future unlawful surveillance was not certainly impending. Depending on how lower courts choose to interpret Clapper, the decision could have a significant impact on the doctrine of fear-based standing, which allows plaintiffs to establish standing based on fear of future injury. While Clapper could be read as a directive to severely limit the scope of fear-based standing, it could also be reconciled with past precedent or limited to the foreign affairs context. However, the most accurate reading of the decision reveals that the Clapper Court devised a slightly stricter standing doctrine where the certainly impending test should be flexibly applied. This theory is supported by footnote five of the opinion, which references an alternative and more lenient substantial risk standing inquiry. This Note argues that lower courts should apply the more lenient footnote five test when hearing a constitutional challenge to a statute where the alleged fear of future harm is a threat of prosecution or the chilling of First Amendment right

From the Voice of the President: Advancing the Discipline through Communication Leadership

College and university presidents hold significant leadership positions not only in an administrative capacity, but also in their respective academic disciplines. This summary report presents results from a study of college and university presidents who hold an academic degree in communication at any level (BA, MA, and/or Ph.D.). The interview findings are organized according to the following major themes: Disciplinary identity, Ethical communication, Communication leadership, and Advocacy within the discipline. The summary report concludes by highlighting responses to the interview findings from top leaders within the communication discipline

Hold Me in a Circle of Tender Listening: Listening-with an oral history archive of women's psychiatric experience to create a multi-channel sound work

This practice research explores five women’s recordings from the Mental Health Testimony Archive (British Library and Mental Health Media 1999/2000), an archive of fifty oral history testimonies recorded in 1999 and 2000. Working solely with the audio from these testimonies, I have developed methods for listening -with survivors of psychiatry in order to create a polyvocal, multichannel sound installation that enables encounters -with women who have been systematically silenced. I started this project from a position of lived experience and have used my embodied entanglement to engage the affective and haunted registers of women’s testimonial recordings. Working with sound, in all of its ephemerality and permeability, this research brings women out of their archival isolation and into dialogue with each other. Through practices of listening-with and compositioning I have engaged with the spoken and the unspoken, the non-narrativizable and paralinguistic qualities of voice, both human and non-human, such as the sounds of a constantly moving tongue, a fax machine beeping and a page being turned, in order to activate and stage an archive, creating new assemblages of listening. The research traverses a number of disciplines including voice and sound studies, listening and oral history. It engages with transgenerational haunting, demonstrating how twentieth century psychiatry continues to haunt the present, including current psychiatric practices affecting bodies and crossing spatial and temporal borders, through diasporic voices and media technologies. It asserts that psychiatry, which considers itself a listening profession, has often failed to listen, and asks questions about recovery narratives and oral history as projects for capturing life stories. Completing this research at time when both the mental health of the UK population and mental health services are deemed by many to be in crisis (MIND 2023; Mahasep 2023) the work makes an important contribution to conversations about psychiatry’s past, present and future. It shows how testimony never represents simply a record of the past, but rather deepens the historical present in ways that can be felt. The research develops new, embodied methods for listening-with, not in order to assimilate or ‘know’ the other, but in ways that accept uncertainty, being-with, side-by-side, listening and relating in ways that can be transformative. In the end, I hope that audiences of this work, will take the opportunity to reflect on women’s experiences of psychiatry in ways that might lead them to consider how things could be different

On the Rhetorical Disability of Students with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Rhetorical Approach to the Trauma-Informed Teaching of College Composition

Composition scholars who have written about trauma have typically focused on creating classrooms that are conducive to healing and learning. In doing this work, however, they have considered neither how PTSD nor other people’s responses to it can impact one’s perceived rhetoricity in the college classroom. In other words, they haven’t explored how PTSD interacts with a student’s most essential tool in a composition classroom – their ability to communicate. With that in mind, this thesis relies on rhetorician Catherine Prendergast’s “rhetorical disability,” (the idea that the neurodivergent are constructed as nonrhetorical) to understand the barriers to rhetoricity that college composition students with PTSD face. This thesis builds of the body of work on rhetorical disability, as well as research from multiple fields (including psychology, psychiatry, and folklore studies) to argue that those with PTSD become rhetorically disabled when others respond to their nonlinear experience of time, their inability to maintain neurotypical decorum, and stigma that exists in American culture, among other things. This leads to a proposed definition of rhetoricity that includes those with PTSD. Finally, this thesis then combines this new understanding of rhetoric with existing work on trauma-informed pedagogy to provide both general principles and specific strategies for teaching in ways that protect the rhetoricity of college writing students with PTSD. In particular, this thesis helps composition educators to interrogate how the decorum of their classrooms disables students with PTSD, as well as how to broaden that decorum in the way that supports the rhetoricity of those same students

Young Adults with Cleft Lip and Palate: Are They Receiving Team Services?

It is widely acknowledged that a team approach is preferred practice and contributes to optimizing the surgical, dental, speech and psychosocial outcomes for individuals with CLP. Young adulthood often marks the transition from child-centered interdisciplinary care to adult-centered care. There is a paucity in literature relating to the transition of care for young adults with CLP. The purpose of this survey research is therefore to explore the CLP team practices regarding young adults with CLP

The influence of socio-demographic, psychological and knowledge-related variables alongside perceived cooking and food skills abilities in the prediction of diet quality in adults: a nationally representative cross-sectional study

Background: Interventions to increase cooking skills (CS) and food skills (FS) as a route to improving overall diet are popular within public health. This study tested a comprehensive model of diet quality by assessing the influence of socio-demographic, knowledge- and psychological-related variables alongside perceived CS and FS abilities. The correspondence of two measures of diet quality further validated the Eating Choices Index (ECI) for use in quantitative research.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a quota-controlled nationally representative sample of 1049 adults aged 20–60 years drawn from the Island of Ireland. Surveys were administered in participants’ homes via computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI) assessing a range of socio-demographic, knowledge- and psychological-related variables alongside perceived CS and FS abilities. Regression models were used to model factors influencing diet quality. Correspondence between 2 measures of diet quality was assessed using chi-square and Pearson correlations.Results: ECI score was significantly negatively correlated with DINE Fat intake (r = -0.24, p < 0.001), and ECI score was significantly positively correlated with DINE Fibre intake (r = 0.38, p < 0.001), demonstrating a high agreement. Findings indicated that males, younger respondents and those with no/few educational qualifications scored significantly lower on both CS and FS abilities. The relative influence of socio-demographic, knowledge, psychological variables and CS and FS abilities on dietary outcomes varied, with regression models explaining 10–20 % of diet quality variance. CS ability exerted the strongest relationship with saturated fat intake (β = -0.296, p < 0.001) and was a significant predictor of fibre intake (β = -0.113, p < 0.05), although not for healthy food choices (ECI) (β = 0.04, p > 0.05).Conclusion: Greater CS and FS abilities may not lead directly to healthier dietary choices given the myriad of other factors implicated; however, CS appear to have differential influences on aspects of the diet, most notably in relation to lowering saturated fat intake. Findings suggest that CS and FS should not be singular targets of interventions designed to improve diet; but targeting specific sub-groups of the population e.g. males, younger adults, those with limited education might be more fruitful. A greater understanding of the interaction of factors influencing cooking and food practices within the home is needed

Domestic Cooking and Food Skills: A Review

Domestic cooking skills (CS) and food skills (FS) encompass multiple components, yet there is a lack of consensus on their constituent parts, inter-relatedness or measurement, leading to limited empirical support for their role in influencing dietary quality. This review assessed the measurement of CS and FS in adults (>16 years); critically examining study designs, psychometric properties of measures, theoretical basis and associations of CS/FS with diet. Electronic databases (PsychInfo), published reports and systematic reviews on cooking and home food preparation interventions (Rees et al. 2012 ; Reicks et al. 2014 ) provided 834 articles of which 26 met the inclusion criteria. Multiple CS/FS measures were identified across three study designs: qualitative; cross-sectional; and dietary interventions; conducted from 1998-2013. Most measures were not theory-based, limited psychometric data was available, with little consistency of items or scales used for CS/FS measurements. Some positive associations between CS/FS and FV intake were reported; though lasting dietary changes were uncommon. The role of psycho-social (e.g., gender, attitudes) and external factors (e.g. food availability) on CS/FS is discussed. A conceptual framework of CS/FS components is presented for future measurement facilitation, which highlights the role for CS/FS on food-related behaviour and dietary quality. This will aid future dietary intervention design

Association between rheumatoid arthritis disease activity, progression of functional limitation and long-term risk of orthopaedic surgery : Combined analysis of two prospective cohorts supports EULAR treat to target DAS thresholds

Objectives: To examine the association between disease activity in early rheumatoid arthritis (RA), functional limitation and long-term orthopaedic episodes. Methods: Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) disability scores were collected from two longitudinal early RA inception cohorts in routine care; Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Study and Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Network from 1986 to 2012. The incidence of major and intermediate orthopaedic surgical episodes over 25 years was collected from national data sets. Disease activity was categorised by mean disease activity score (DAS28) annually between years 1 and 5; remission (RDAS≤2.6), low (LDAS>2.6-3.2), low-moderate (LMDAS≥3.2-4.19), high-moderate (HMDAS 4.2-5.1) and high (HDAS>5.1). Results: Data from 2045 patients were analysed. Patients in RDAS showed no HAQ progression over 5 years, whereas there was a significant relationship between rising DAS28 category and HAQ at 1 year, and the rate of HAQ progression between years 1 and 5. During 27 986 person-years follow-up, 392 intermediate and 591 major surgeries were observed. Compared with the RDAS category, there was a significantly increased cumulative incidence of intermediate surgery in HDAS (OR 2.59 CI 1.49 to 4.52) and HMDAS (OR 1.8 CI 1.05 to 3.11) categories, and for major surgery in HDAS (OR 2.48 CI 1.5 to 4.11), HMDAS (OR 2.16 CI 1.32 to 3.52) and LMDAS (OR 2.07 CI 1.28 to 3.33) categories. There was no significant difference in HAQ progression or orthopaedic episodes between RDAS and LDAS categories. Conclusions: There is an association between disease activity and both poor function and long-term orthopaedic episodes. This illustrates the far from benign consequences of persistent moderate disease activity, and supports European League Against Rheumatism treat to target recommendations to secure low disease activity or remission in all patients.Peer reviewedFinal Published versio