Clinical trial readiness to solve barriers to drug development in FSHD (ReSolve): protocol of a large, international, multi-center prospective study

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Brucelose em bovinos com bursite cervical diagnosticada em abatedouro sob inspeção federal Brucelosis in cattle with supraspinous bursitis diagnosed in an abattoir under federal inspection

Estudo epidemiológico tipo caso-controle realizado em Uberlândia, Minas Gerais (MG), Brasil, pesquisou a ocorrência de brucelose em bovinos com bursite cervical, abatidos no período de agosto de 1993 a julho de 1994. O diagnóstico sorológico de brucelose foi realizado mediante a prova de soroaglutinação rápida em placa. Os casos de bursite foram identificados por técnico do Serviço de Inspeção Federal (SIF), com base em características morfológicas, previamente padronizadas. Para a determinação da "Razão de Odds" e do risco atribuível entre bursite e brucelose, utilizaram-se 30 animais com o quadro e, como controle, 90 bovinos sem a patologia. Dos animais com bursite, 13,3% eram brucélicos, contra 5,6% do grupo controle (P=0,115). Dentre aqueles com brucelose e bursite, as bolsas continham fibrina (40,0%) e projeções digitiformes (33,3%); apenas nas bursites dos sorologicamente negativos encontraram-se presença de pus, de nódulos e de líquido viscoso. A "Razão de Odds" encontrada entre brucelose e bursite foi da ordem de 2,61, não sendo demonstrado associação entre bursite cervical e sorologia positiva para brucelose (P>0,05). No âmbito da Saúde Pública e ocupacional, sugere-se a atenção de técnicos e profissionais, visando diminuir o risco de infecção e evitar contaminação de carcaças, equipamentos e instalações.<br>Epidemiological study case-control type carried out in Triângulo abattoir in the city of Uberlândia in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, has identified the ocorrence of brucelosis in bovine with supraspinous bursitis, slaughtered from August, 1993 to July, 1994. To diagnose brucelosis "Rapid Agglutination" test was performed on plate with the padronizated antigen count considered positive over 100. The bursas examined were identified by technicians of the Federal Inspection Service based on the presence of ten standardized morphological characteristics. Using the case-control design, 30 animals identified as having supraspinous bursitis were compared with 90 animals randomly selected, without bursitis- but with other characteristics (sex, background, lot, conformation) similar to those affected. All animals were, then, tested for brucelosis. Within the animals with bursitis, 13.33% were found to have brucelosis against 5.56% in the control group (P=0.115). The presence of pus, nodules and viscous fluid was found only among animals who tested negative for brucelosis. The odds ratio found between brucelosis and supraspinous bursitis was 2.61 (P>0.05). As a conclusion it’s suggested attention of technicians and profesionals employed in slaughter houses aiming to reduce the risk of human infection, as well as of carcasses, equipment and installations contamination

Fear appeals in anti-smoking advertising : how important is self-efficacy?

This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Journal of Marketing Management on 11 October 2012, available online at: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0267257X.2012.715092Fear appeals are frequently used in anti-smoking advertising. The evidence on the effectiveness of fear appeals is mixed, and in some studies strong fear appeals have been found to reinforce the undesirable behaviour. Individual self-efficacy may play a role in moderating the effects of fear appeals. In advertising contexts where the intention was to encourage socially desirable behaviours, it has been shown that greater self-efficacy is associated with a more positive response to fear appeals. Similarly, in such contexts, the perceived ethicality of a fear-appeal advertisement appears to be positively related to self-efficacy. The purpose of this article is to examine the relationship between self-efficacy, perceived ethicality, and the impact of advertising on behavioural intentions in a context where the aim is to discourage undesirable behaviour, namely anti-smoking advertising. Questionnaire data were gathered from 434 respondents in London, England. Respondents with higher reported self-efficacy were found to have more favourable views of the ethicality of fear-appeal advertising, more positive attitudes towards the advertising, and stronger intentions to quit smoking. It is recommended that when using fear appeals in advertising to discourage undesirable behaviour, advertisers should incorporate messages designed to enhance self-efficacy.Peer reviewe