Adipocyte-Like Differentiation in a Posttreatment Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma.

We describe a 16-year-old boy with rhabdomyosarcoma, consistent with embryonal subtype, of the lower extremity who received systemic neoadjuvant chemotherapy and subsequent excision. Microscopic sections of the postchemotherapy excision demonstrated diffuse, prominent, and immature adipocyte-like differentiation, in addition to skeletal muscle differentiation. Adipocyte-like differentiation was confirmed by a combination of positive Oil Red O and adipophilin immunohistochemical staining. To our knowledge, this represents the first report of an unusual phenomenon of differentiation of a soft tissue rhabdomyosarcoma into adipocyte-like cells after chemotherapy

Cutaneous endometriosis.

Cutaneous endometriosis is a disorder that primarily affects women of reproductive age. The disorder is most commonly associated with cyclical pain during menses, but it can be difficult to diagnose in the absence of these symptoms and requires biopsy testing for a definitive diagnosis. We report on a case of a 41-year-old patient undergoing hormonal therapy for infertility who presented with a painful firm subcutaneous nodule in the umbilicus. She was ultimately diagnosed with cutaneous endometriosis and underwent surgical excision. In this report, we discuss the differential diagnosis and comment on treatment options, including surgical excision with wide margins or treatment with hormonal agents, such as danazol or leuprolide. Finally, we discuss whether patients with cutaneous endometriosis should receive an additional evaluation for pelvic endometriosis

An assessment of oil palm plantation aboveground biomass stocks on tropical peat using destructive and non-destructive methods

Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the Director-General of the Malaysian Palm Oil Board for permission to publish these results. This study was carried out as part of a wider tropical peat research collaboration between MPOB, University of Exeter and University of Aberdeen and we would like to thank the MPOB staff and the Sarawak Oil Palm Berhard for help and support during the project. Specifically, from the Sarawak Oil Palm Berhard we would like to thank: Mr. Paul (group CEO), Mr. Chua Kian Hong (group plantation manager), Mr. Phang Seng Nam (regional plantation controller) and Mr. Sammy (Sabaju plantation manager) for being kind enough to allow this research to be carried out within their plantation and for the provision of logistical support. From MPOB we would like to thank the dedicated field technicians, Steward Saging and Ham Jonathon for their invaluable support.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Rudimentary meningocele: remnant of a neural tube defect?

Background: Rudimentary meningocele, a malformation in which meningothelial elements are present in the skin and subcutaneous tissue, has been described in the past, under a variety of different terms and has also been referred to as cutaneous meningioma. There has been debate as to whether rudimentary meningocele is an atretic form of meningocele or results from growth of meningeal cells displaced along cutaneous nerve

Gap-filling carbon dioxide, water, energy, and methane fluxes in challenging ecosystems : comparing between methods, drivers, and gap-lengths

Acknowledgements The authors thank the FLUXNET-CH4 research groups for providing the CC-BY-4.0 (Tier one) open-access eddy covariance data (https://fluxnet.org/data/fluxnet-ch4-community-product/) and ERA5 (https://www.ecmwf.int/en/forecasts/datasets/reanalysis-datasets/era5) for providing meteorology reanalysis data. They also thank the ReddyProc (https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/R EddyProc/index.html) team, scikit-learn (https://scikit-learn.org/s table/install.html) team, and Xgboost team (https://xgboost.readthedocs.io/en/stable/python/python_api.html) for the packages that help the implementation and validation for gap-filling approaches. SZ and TH would like to acknowledge funding from Shell to support the PhD studentship. Rothamsted thanks BBSRC grants BBS/E/C/000I0320 and BBS/E/C/000J0100. The Eddy Covariance equipment deployed in this work was funded by CIEL (https://www.cielivestock.co.uk/) and the raw data is available on the Farm Platform Portal (https://nwfp.rothamsted.ac.uk/).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

A prospective ascertainment of cancer incidence in sub-Saharan Africa: The case of Kaposi sarcoma.

In resource-limited areas, such as sub-Saharan Africa, problems in accurate cancer case ascertainment and enumeration of the at-risk population make it difficult to estimate cancer incidence. We took advantage of a large well-enumerated healthcare system to estimate the incidence of Kaposi sarcoma (KS), a cancer which has become prominent in the HIV era and whose incidence may be changing with the rollout of antiretroviral therapy (ART). To achieve this, we evaluated HIV-infected adults receiving care between 2007 and 2012 at any of three medical centers in Kenya and Uganda that participate in the East Africa International Epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) Consortium. Through IeDEA, clinicians received training in KS recognition and biopsy equipment. We found that the overall prevalence of KS among 102,945 HIV-infected adults upon clinic enrollment was 1.4%; it declined over time at the largest site. Among 140,552 patients followed for 319,632 person-years, the age-standardized incidence rate was 334/100,000 person-years (95% CI: 314-354/100,000 person-years). Incidence decreased over time and was lower in women, persons on ART, and those with higher CD4 counts. The incidence rate among patients on ART with a CD4 count >350 cells/mm(3) was 32/100,000 person-years (95% CI: 14-70/100,000 person-years). Despite reductions over time coincident with the expansion of ART, KS incidence among HIV-infected adults in East Africa equals or exceeds the most common cancers in resource-replete settings. In resource-limited settings, strategic efforts to improve cancer diagnosis in combination with already well-enumerated at-risk denominators can make healthcare systems attractive platforms for estimating cancer incidence

Progress in upscaling Miscanthus biomass production for the European bio-economy with seed-based hybrids

Funded by UK's Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA). Grant Number: LK0863 BBSRC strategic programme Grant on Energy Grasses & Bio-refining. Grant Number: BBS/E/W/10963A01 OPTIMISC. Grant Number: FP7-289159 WATBIO. Grant Number: FP7-311929 Innovate UK/BBSRC ‘MUST’. Grant Number: BB/N016149/1Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Breeding progress and preparedness for mass‐scale deployment of perennial lignocellulosic biomass crops switchgrass, miscanthus, willow and poplar

UK: The UK‐led miscanthus research and breeding was mainly supported by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra), the BBSRC CSP strategic funding grant BB/CSP1730/1, Innovate UK/BBSRC “MUST” BB/N016149/1, CERES Inc. and Terravesta Ltd. through the GIANT‐LINK project (LK0863). Genomic selection and genomewide association study activities were supported by BBSRC grant BB/K01711X/1, the BBSRC strategic programme grant on Energy Grasses & Bio‐refining BBS/E/W/10963A01. The UK‐led willow R&D work reported here was supported by BBSRC (BBS/E/C/00005199, BBS/E/C/00005201, BB/G016216/1, BB/E006833/1, BB/G00580X/1 and BBS/E/C/000I0410), Defra (NF0424) and the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) (B/W6/00599/00/00). IT: The Brain Gain Program (Rientro dei cervelli) of the Italian Ministry of Education, University, and Research supports Antoine Harfouche. US: Contributions by Gerald Tuskan to this manuscript were supported by the Center for Bioenergy Innovation, a US Department of Energy Bioenergy Research Center supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the DOE Office of Science, under contract number DE‐AC05‐00OR22725. Willow breeding efforts at Cornell University have been supported by grants from the US Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture. Contributions by the University of Illinois were supported primarily by the DOE Office of Science; Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER); grant nos. DE‐SC0006634, DE‐SC0012379 and DE‐SC0018420 (Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation); and the Energy Biosciences Institute. EU: We would like to further acknowledge contributions from the EU projects “OPTIMISC” FP7‐289159 on miscanthus and “WATBIO” FP7‐311929 on poplar and miscanthus as well as “GRACE” H2020‐EU.3.2.6. Bio‐based Industries Joint Technology Initiative (BBI‐JTI) Project ID 745012 on miscanthus.Peer reviewedPostprintPublisher PD