Capillary zone electrophoretic studies of ion association between inorganic anions and tetraalkylammonium ions in aqueous-dioxane media

Ion association between inorganic anions and symmetrical tetraalkylammonium ions, R4N+ (R = Me, Et, Pr, n-Bu, n-Am, and 2-methyl butyl {isoamyl = iAm}) was investigated using ordinary silica capillary by capillary zone electrophoresis. An improved version of the Williams-Vigh method was used for the first time to measure the mobilities of the inorganic anions. Plots of log K-ass against log dielectric constant in various media, revealed a smaller change in K-ass compared to dielectric constant. These plots suggest that the Bjerrum's equation is inadequate in accounting for the associations of ions in a CZE setup. </p

Rapid determination of multidrug resistance-associated protein in cancer cells by capillary electrophoresis immunoassay

The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding-cassette (ABC) transporters are a superfamily of cellular proteins that have been partly implicated as a cause of multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells. The ABC superfamily consists of P-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRP) and breast cancer-related proteins, of which MRP is of particular interest because of its ability to efflux a broader range of substrates. Since MRP1 is the most prominent member of the MRP family, a simple technique is needed for its quantification. We developed a simple, fast (total analysis time of 3 h) capillary electrophoresis immunoassay (CEIA) for the quantification of MRP1 in cancer cells. MRP1 antibody was labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate. The labeled antibody was incubated with the cell lysate for a fixed interval (1 h), after which the cell lysate mixture was directly injected into the capillary to separate the complex of MRP1 and its antibody from free antibody. The noncompetitive CEIA method had a limit of detection of 0.2 nM and a good linear range (1.7-14.9 x 10(4) cells), and was fairly reproducible (RSD < 10%). The results showed that two cell lines. A549 and RDES, expressed MRP1 in the absence of doxorubicin (DOX), with A549 registering a higher expression. Compared to DOX-free cancer cells, there was an acceleration of MRP1 expression during the 12 h-exposure to DOX, after which the level of expression remained nearly constant as the intracellular accumulation of DOX decreased. The results obtained in this work indicate that the developed CEIA method is useful for relative quantification of MRPs in cancer cells

Use of weak ion association in the separation of inorganic anions by capillary electrophoresis with specific application to simultaneous-trace determination of bromate and iodate in drinking water

In this work weak ion association was used to effect selectivity and detection of inorganic anions with environmental or health significance by capillary electropheresis, CE. Tetrabutylammonium ion was used as a pairing anion to separate mixtures containing closely or co-migrating inorganic anions at pHs 3.8 and pH 7. Despite taking a longer analysis time, better resolution is achieved at pH 7 than 3.8. Trace level of bromate and iodate present in drinking water were determined after online pre-concentration by field enhanced sample injection (FESI) technique. Consequently an internal standard (SCN-) was employed, which entailed the use of tetrabutylammonium ion as a pairing cation to resolve the internal standard from a co-migrating broad peak. The LODs (S/N = 3) were 7.8 x 10-10 M (10 ppb) and 1.2 x 10-9 M (0.21 ppb) for bromate and iodate, respectively. The method was subsequently used to determine bromate and iodate levels in drinking water.  KEY WORDS: Weak ion association, Selectivity, Capillary electrophoresis, Tetrabutylammonium ion, Bromate, Iodate, Drinking water  Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2008, 22(1), 1-9

La Province De l’Ituri En République Démocratique Du Congo Face Aux Cycles Des Violences En Répétition. Essai D’une Analyse Comparative Des Dynamiques De 1999 À 2003 Et De 2017 À 2019

Décrite comme une zone ensanglantée de conflit, la province de l’Ituri s’est immergée entre 1998 et 2017, avec des interruptions sporadiques, dans une guerre ethno-tribale et dans un embrasement d’agressions de la RDC par ses voisins (Rwanda et Ouganda), ayant joué aux sapeurs-pompiers pyromanes pour satisfaire leur boulimie des ressources naturelles de cette partie de la République Démocratique du Congo. La pression internationale sur ces pays agresseurs de la RDC pour leur retrait immédiat et la décision d’expédier sans condition une Force Multinationale Intérimaire d’Urgence&nbsp;(FMIU) dont la France fut la première à organiser « l’opération Artémis » en 2002, ont mis en déroute les auteurs des crimes contre l’humanité observés dans la province de l’Ituri. Ainsi le pays recouvra son intégrité territoriale et le processus démocratique s’acheva à l’instauration effective de la troisième république en RDC avec les élections de 2006. Par des formules fortuites, des événements similaires se dupliquent en 2017 et 2019 avec une cadence accélérée que jadis. Un tableau sombre d’insécurité se dresse encore dans la province de l’Ituri, justifié par des hargneux accrochages entre les Forces Armées de la République Démocratique du Congo (FARDC) et les hors la loi qualifiés par le pouvoir public des « assaillants » sans identité au départ, puis identifiés par l’armée nationale à la milice de CODECO d’un sujet Lendu nommé Ngudjolo, comprenant en majorité certains jeunes égarés de la communauté Bbale (Lendu), et qui massacre plusieurs tribus dont principalement le Hema dans le territoire de Djugu et les Alur à Mahagi. Depuis lors, deux ethnies (HEMA et LENDU) font l’histoire belliqueuse du Territoire de DJUGU et plusieurs analystes s’accordent sur l’origine foncière du conflit qui les oppose. S’inscrivant dans la logique de leur dépassement, cette note d’analyse tente d’établir les écarts et les rapprochements de ce conflit à ces deux épisodes évoqués ci-dessus. Described as a bloody zone of conflict between 1998 and 2017, the province of the Ituri experienced sporadic interruptions in an ethno-tribal war and in kindling of aggressions of the DRC by its neighbors (Rwanda and Uganda). These external actors played the role of pyromaniac firemen in this war of the Ituri to satisfy their bulimia of the natural resources of this part of the Republic. The international pressure on the aggressor countries of the DRC based on their immediate withdrawal and the decision to dispatch without condition the Multinational Interim Emergency Force (MIEF), of which France was the first to organize the "Artémis operation", routed the perpetrators of the crimes against humanity observed in the province of the Ituri. As a result, the country regained its territorial integrity and the democratic process ended up at the institution of the third republic in DRC&nbsp;with the elections of 2006. By fortuitous formulas, similar events duplicated themselves in 2017 and 2019 with a more accelerated cadence than previously. A gloomy picture of insecurity still rises in the province of Ituri, justified by snarling clashes between the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of Congo (FARDC) and the outlaws qualified by the public authorities of the "attackers" without identity initially. After then, it was identified by the national army to the CODECO militia of a Lendu subject named Ngudjolo. This comprises of some misguided young people from the Lendu community, and those who massacred several tribes including mainly Hema in the territory of Djugu and the Alur in Mahagi. Ever since then, two ethnic groups (HEMA and LENDU) have made the warlike history of the territory of DJUGU. Also, several analysts agree on the fundamental origin of the conflict that opposes them. Enrolling in the logic of their overtaking, this analytical paper focuses on establishing the gap and the correspondence of this conflict in these two above mentioned episodes

Differentiating Petroleum Acid Isomers using Tandem Mass Spectrometry Coupled to Computational Chemistry

My research breaks down isomers using collision energy in a mass spectrum to study differences in peak abundance of fragments

Communication with the patient / alien in the nursing process

The issue of multicultural nursing is still new, in the Czech republic, with the increasing number of foreigners. Communication is a fundamental process, which can be characterized as exchanging of information and ideas among people. It can be on both on verbal and nonverbal levels. It is based on interpersonal interactions, involving the transfer of information from person to another. The nurse serves as a liaison between the doctors and the patient. They must understand medical instructions and patient needs and concerns. Their communication skills are important because it serves as a channel of information exchange therebycreating an environment of trust. For nurses and for patients/ alien communication is an essential tool for submitting and obtaining information and the lack of communication can lead to errors and misunderstanding in patient care. The results of this research work show knowledge of Czech nurses in multicultural nursing. Knowledge of multicultural nursing care is at a low level and there is need for it to be improved. I can state that the objectives set at the beginning of this thesis have been achieved

Capillary zone electrophoretic studies of ion association between inorganic anions and tetraalkylammonium ions in aqueous-dioxane media Capillary zone electrophoretic studies of ion association between inorganic anions and tetraalkylammonium ions in aqueo

Abstract Ion association between inorganic anions and symmetrical tetraalkylammonium ions, R 4 N + (R = Me, Et, Pr, n-Bu, n-Am, and 2-methyl butyl {isoamyl=iAm}) was investigated using ordinary silica capillary by capillary zone electrophoresis. An improved version of the Williams-Vigh method was used for the first time to measure the mobilities of the inorganic anions. Plots of log K ass against log dielectric constant in various media, revealed a smaller change in K ass compared to dielectric constant. These plots suggest that the Bjerrum&apos;s equation is inadequate in accounting for the associations of ions in a CZE setup