Responsabilidad del Director de la Ejecución de la Obra

El presente Proyecto Fin de Grado se compone de dos partes. En la primera se hace un resumen de la evolución a lo largo de la historia de la profesión y se analizan las diferentes actividades profesionales que puede desempeñar un Arquitecto Técnico, analizando la importancia del colegio profesional, el visado del colegio profesional, el seguro de responsabilidad civil, el ejercicio de la profesión de forma individual o en una sociedad limitada profesional, también estudiaremos el desempeño de la profesión como trabajador por cuenta ajena. En la segunda parte del PFG se incide en las responsabilidades en que puede incurrir el Arquitecto Técnico en su labor profesional como trabajador libre de la profesión y más directamente como director de la ejecución de la obra. En el proyecto se analizan tanto la responsabilidad penal, como la administrativa y la civil.Felipe Maza, AB. (2012). Responsabilidad del Director de la Ejecución de la Obra. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/17089.Archivo delegad

Ten years of cooperation between mobile robots and sensor networks

This paper presents an overview of the work carried out by the Group of Robotics, Vision and Control (GRVC) at the University of Seville on the cooperation between mobile robots and sensor networks. The GRVC, led by Professor Anibal Ollero, has been working over the last ten years on techniques where robots and sensor networks exploit synergies and collaborate tightly, developing numerous research projects on the topic. In this paper, based on our research, we introduce what we consider some relevant challenges when combining sensor networks with mobile robots. Then, we describe our developed techniques and main results for these challenges. In particular, the paper focuses on autonomous self-deployment of sensor networks; cooperative localization and tracking; self-localization and mapping; and large-scale scenarios. Extensive experimental results and lessons learnt are also discussed in the paper

The Multiwavelength Survey By Yale-Chile (MUSYC) Wide K-Band Imaging, Photometric Catalogs, Clustering, And Physical Properties Of Galaxies At Z Similar To 2

We present K-band imaging of two similar to 30' x 30' fields covered by the Multiwavelength Survey by Yale-Chile (MUSYC) Wide NIR Survey. The SDSS 1030+05 and Cast 1255 fields were imaged with the Infrared Side Port Imager (ISPI) on the 4 m Blanco telescope at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO) to a 5 sigma point-source limiting depth of K similar to 20 (Vega). Combining these data with the MUSYC optical UBVRIz imaging, we created multiband K-selected source catalogs for both fields. These catalogs, together with the MUSYC K-band catalog of the Extended Chandra Deep Field South (ECDF-S) field, were used to select K 20 BzK galaxies over an area of 0.71 deg(2). This is the largest area ever surveyed for BzK galaxies. We present number counts, redshift distributions, and stellar masses for our sample of 3261 BzK galaxies (2502 star-forming [sBzK] and 759 passively evolving [pBzK]), as well as reddening and star formation rate estimates for the star-forming BzK systems. We also present two-point angular correlation functions and spatial correlation lengths for both sBzK and pBzK galaxies and show that previous estimates of the correlation function of these galaxies were affected by cosmic variance due to the small areas surveyed. We have measured correlation lengths r(0) of 8.89 +/- 2.03 and 10.82 +/- 1.72 Mpc for sBzK and pBzK galaxies, respectively. This is the first reported measurement of the spatial correlation function of passive BzK galaxies. In the Lambda CDM scenario of galaxy formation, these correlation lengths at z similar to 2 translate into minimum masses of similar to 4 x 10(12) and similar to 9 x 10(12) M(circle dot) for the dark matter halos hosting sBzK and pBzK galaxies, respectively. The clustering properties of the galaxies in our sample are consistent with their being the descendants of bright Lyman break galaxies at z similar to 3, and the progenitors of present-day > 1L* galaxies.Astronom

Evaluación de AIoT en modelos computacionales en la nube y en el borde aplicado a la detección de mascarillas

COVID-19 has caused serious health damage, infecting millions of people and unfortunately causing the death of several ones around the world. The vaccination programs of each government have influenced in declining those rates. Nevertheless, new coronavirus mutations have emerged in different countries, which are highly contagious, causing concern with vaccination effectiveness. So far, wearing facemasks in public continues being the most effective protocol to avoid and prevent COVID-19 spread. In this context, there is a demand of automatic facemask detection services to remind people the importance of wearing them appropriately. In this work, a performance evaluation of an AIoT system to detect correct, inappropriate, and non- facemask wearing, based on two computational models: Cloud and Edge, was conducted. Having as objective to determine which model better suites a real environment (indoor and \emph{outdoor}), based on: reliability of the detector algorithm, use of computational resources, and response time. Experimental results show that Edge-implementation got better performance in comparison to Cloud-implementation.La COVID-19 ha provocado graves daños a la salud: centenas de millones de personas infectadas y varios millones de fallecidos en el mundo. Los programas de vacunación de cada Gobierno han influido en el decaimiento de estos índices, pero con la aparición de nuevas mutaciones del coronavirus más contagiosas, la preocupación sobre la efectividad de las vacunas se hace presente. Frente a esta situación el uso de mascarillas sigue siendo eficaz para prevenir la transmisión y contagio de la COVID-19. Lo que ha generado una creciente demanda de servicios de detección automática de mascarillas, que permita recordar a las personas la importancia del empleo de estas. En este trabajo se plantea un análisis del rendimiento de un sistema AIoT para la detección del uso correcto, incorrecto y sin mascarilla basado en dos modelos computacionales de Cloud y Edge, con la finalidad de determinar qué modelo se adecua mejor en un entorno real (interior y exterior) sobre la base de la confiabilidad del algoritmo, uso de recursos computacionales y tiempo de respuesta. Los resultados experimentales demuestran que el modelo computacional Edge presentó un mejor desempeño en comparación con el Cloud

Soil Bacterial Communities From the Chilean Andean Highlands: Taxonomic Composition and Culturability

The Atacama Desert is a highly complex, extreme ecosystem which harbors microorganisms remarkable for their biotechnological potential. Here, a soil bacterial prospection was carried out in the high Altiplano region of the Atacama Desert (>3,800 m above sea level; m a.s.l.), where direct anthropogenic interference is minimal. We studied: (1) soil bacterial community composition using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and (2) bacterial culturability, by using a soil extract medium (SEM) under a factorial design of three factors: temperature (15 and 30°C), nutrient content (high and low nutrient disposal) and oxygen availability (presence and absence). A total of 4,775 OTUs were identified and a total of 101 isolates were selected for 16S rRNA sequencing, 82 of them corresponded to unique or non-redundant sequences. To expand our view of the Altiplano landscape and to obtain a better representation of its microbiome, we complemented our Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) and isolate collection with data from other previous data from our group and obtained a merged set of OTUs and isolates that we used to perform our study. Taxonomic comparisons between culturable microbiota and metabarcoding data showed an overrepresentation of the phylum Firmicutes (44% of isolates vs. 2% of OTUs) and an underrepresentation of Proteobacteria (8% of isolates vs. 36% of OTUs). Within the Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) results, 33% of the OTUs were unknown up to genus, revealing an important proportion of putative new species in this environment. Biochemical characterization and analysis extracted from the literature indicated that an important number of our isolates had biotechnological potential. Also, by comparing our results with similar studies on other deserts, the Altiplano highland was most similar to a cold arid desert. In summary, our study contributes to expand the knowledge of soil bacterial communities in the Atacama Desert and complements the pipeline to isolate selective bacteria that could represent new potential biotechnological resources

Violencia animada : análisis de las representaciones de género en torno a dos series reconocidas, transmitidas actualmente en Colombia.

The backbone of this research focused on the descriptive analysis of gender portrayals maintained by two popular American cartoon animations, "The Simpsons" and "South Park". Programs broadcast for the first time in Colombia in the period of 1992-1997 that currently continue to present to their audience the traditionalist image of sexual roles. To confirm the above, a denotative analysis of the adjectives used by the characters present in the randomly selected chapters was performed, using as the main criterion for inclusion their emission in the epilogue of the 20th century and the contemporary period. As a main conclusion it was determined that the format of both programs denotes a sexist bias from the male characters, whose attitudes frame leadership and strength, while those of the female collective represent the classic roles of submission and self-sacrifice.La columna vertebral del presente trabajo de investigación se focalizó en el análisis descriptivo de las dinámicas de género en dos animaciones norteamericanas populares de dibujos animados, “Los Simpson” y “South Park”. Programas emitidos por primera vez en Colombia en el periodo de 1992-1997 que en la actualidad siguen presentando a su audiencia la imagen tradicionalista de los roles sexuales. Para confirmar lo anteriormente expuesto, se realizó un análisis denotativo y de contenido de los adjetivos empleados por los personajes presentes en los capítulos seleccionados de forma aleatoria, apelando como criterio principal de inclusión su emisión en el epílogo del siglo XX y el periodo contemporáneo. Como conclusión principal se determinó que a la fecha el formato de ambos programas denota un sesgo sexista proveniente de los personajes varones, cuyas actitudes enmarcan el liderazgo y fortaleza, mientras que las del colectivo femenino representan los roles clásicos de sumisión y auto sacrificio

Quantities of supplements for grazing beef heifers in the dry-rainy transition season

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplying different quantities of multiple supplements on the nutritional characteristics and productive performance of heifers during the post-weaning phase on Urochloa decumbens pastures during the dry-rainy transition season. Twenty-four heifers (average initial age and weight of 11 mo and 243±6 kg, respectively) were used. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four treatments and six replicates. A supplement containing 25% CP was used, and treatments consisted of the following four levels of supplements: 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 kg. The animals in the different treatments received a mineral mixture ad libitum. A positive linear effect (P<0.10) was observed on ADG and final body weight with the quantities of supplements. An increasing linear effect (P<0.10) was found on the intakes of DM, OM, CP, EE, NFC and TDN with the elevation in the amount of the supplement provided, which was not observed for NDFap intake. A cubic effect was observed (P<0.10) on the apparent digestibility of OM, CP, NDFap, NFC and concentration of TDN among the quantities of multiple supplements. Supplement levels increased (P<0.10) the digestibility coefficient of EE. An increasing linear response was detected (P<0.10) in urine urea nitrogen excretion, serum urea nitrogen (SUN) and flow of microbial nitrogen (MICN) compounds with the quantities of supplement. No difference was observed (P<0.10) in the efficiency of microbial synthesis between the supplementation levels. The quantities of supplement had a decreasing linear effect (P<0.10) on the relative MICN. In conclusion, supplying higher amounts of multiple supplements during the dry-rainy transition season improves the productive performance and nutritional characteristics of beef heifers reared on pasture.O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do fornecimento de diferentes quantidades de suplementos múltiplos sobre as características nutricionais e desempenho produtivo de novilhas durante a fase de recria em pastagens com Urochloa decumbens no período de transição seca-águas. Foram utilizadas 24 novilhas com idade e peso médio inicial de 11 meses e 243±3 kg, respectivamente. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos e seis repetições. Utilizou-se um suplemento com 25% de PB. Os tratamentos consistiam em quatro quantidades de suplementos: 0; 0,5; 1,0 e 1,5 kg respectivamente. Os animais dos diferentes tratamentos receberam mistura mineral ad libitum. Observou-se efeito linear positivo (P<0,10) no GMD e peso corporal final (PCF) com as quantidades de suplementos. Foi verificado efeito linear crescente (P<0,10) no consumo de MS, MO, PB, EE, CNF e NDT com o fornecimento de maiores quantidades de suplemento; efeito não apresentado no consumo de FDNcp. Evidenciou-se efeito cúbico (P<0,10) sobre a digestibilidade aparente da MO, PB, FDNcp, CNF e concentração de NDT entre as quantidades de suplementos múltiplos. As quantidades de suplementos aumentaram (P<0,10) o coeficiente de digestibilidade do EE. Verificou-se comportamento linear crescente (P<0,10) sobre a excreção urinária de nitrogênio uréico (NUU), nitrogênio uréico no soro (NUS) e fluxo de compostos nitrogenados microbianos (NMIC) com as quantidades de suplementos. Não foi observada diferença (P<0,10) das quantidades de suplementação sobre a eficiência de síntese microbiana. As quantidades de suplementos afetaram de forma linear decrescente (P<0,10) o NMICR. Conclui-se que o fornecimento de maiores quantidades de suplementos múltiplos durante a época de transição seca-águas melhora o desempenho produtivo e características nutricionais de novilhas de corte criadas em pastagens

The Multiwavelength Survey by Yale-Chile (MUSYC): Deep Near-Infrared Imaging and the Selection of Distant Galaxies

We present deep near-infrared JHK imaging of four 10'x10' fields. The observations were carried out as part of the Multiwavelength Survey by Yale-Chile (MUSYC) with ISPI on the CTIO 4m telescope. The typical point source limiting depths are J~22.5, H~21.5, and K~21 (5sigma; Vega). The effective seeing in the final images is ~1.0". We combine these data with MUSYC UBVRIz imaging to create K-selected catalogs that are unique for their uniform size, depth, filter coverage, and image quality. We investigate the rest-frame optical colors and photometric redshifts of galaxies that are selected using common color selection techniques, including distant red galaxies (DRGs), star-forming and passive BzKs, and the rest-frame UV-selected BM, BX, and Lyman break galaxies (LBGs). These techniques are effective at isolating large samples of high redshift galaxies, but none provide complete or uniform samples across the targeted redshift ranges. The DRG and BM/BX/LBG criteria identify populations of red and blue galaxies, respectively, as they were designed to do. The star-forming BzKs have a very wide redshift distribution, a wide range of colors, and may include galaxies with very low specific star formation rates. In comparison, the passive BzKs are fewer in number, have a different distribution of K magnitudes, and have a somewhat different redshift distribution. By combining these color selection criteria, it appears possible to define a reasonably complete sample of galaxies to our flux limit over specific redshift ranges. However, the redshift dependence of both the completeness and sampled range of rest-frame colors poses an ultimate limit to the usefulness of these techniques.Comment: 17 pages in emulateapj style, 13 figures. Submitted to the Astronomical Journal. Data will be made available upon publicatio

Evaluación de AIoT en modelos computacionales en la nube y en el borde aplicado a la detección de mascarillas

La COVID-19 ha provocado graves daños a la salud: centenas de millones de personas infectadas y varios millones de fallecidos en el mundo. Los programas de vacunación de cada Gobierno han influido en el decaimiento de estos índices, pero con la aparición de nuevas mutaciones del coronavirus más contagiosas, la preocupación sobre la efectividad de las vacunas se hace presente. Frente a esta situación el uso de mascarillas sigue siendo eficaz para prevenir la transmisión y contagio de la COVID-19. Lo que ha generado una creciente demanda de servicios de detección automática de mascarillas, que permita recordar a las personas la importancia del empleo de estas. En este trabajo se plantea un análisis del rendimiento de un sistema AIoT para la detección del uso correcto, incorrecto y sin mascarilla basado en dos modelos computacionales de Cloud y Edge, con la finalidad de determinar qué modelo se adecua mejor en un entorno real (interior y exterior) sobre la base de la confiabilidad del algoritmo, uso de recursos computacionales y tiempo de respuesta. Los resultados experimentales demuestran que el modelo computacional Edge presentó un mejor desempeño en comparación con el Cloud.//COVID-19 has caused serious health damage, infecting millions of people and unfortunately causing the death of several ones around the world. The vaccination programs of each government have influenced in declining those rates. Nevertheless, new coronavirus mutations have emerged in different countries, which are highly contagious, causing concern with vaccination effectiveness. So far, wearing facemasks in public continues being the most effective protocol to avoid and prevent COVID-19 spread. In this context, there is a demand of automatic facemask detection services to remind people the importance of wearing them appropriately. In this work, a performance evaluation of an AIoT system to detect correct, inappropriate, and non- facemask wearing, based on two computational models: Cloud and Edge, was conducted. Having as objective to determine which model better suites a real environment (indoor and outdoor), based on: reliability of the detector algorithm, use of computational resources, and response time. Experimental results show that Edge-implementation got better performance in comparison to Cloud-implementation