90 research outputs found

    Medicaments: quin, quan, com...Projecte d’Aprenentatge i Servei per a secundària. Guia didàctica

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    Il·lustracions originals de Roser Bosch Mestres.La unitat didàctica que hem realitzat té com objectiu principal dissenyar un projecte d’Aprenentatge i Servei (APS) centrat en el bon ús dels medicaments. El projecte es caracteritza per ser una proposta educativa adreçada a joves d’ESO o de 1r curs de Batxillerat que combina activitats d’aprenentatge amb activitats de servei a la comunitat. Pensem que és un enfocament metodològic que ajuda a desenvolupar i a assolir determinades competències bàsiques, a la vegada que motiva l’alumnat, ja que es presenta un ensenyament contextualitzat i significatiu per a la comunitat. Els projectes d’APS responen a una necessitat concreta i rellevant de l’entorn social i, sempre que es pugui, ha d’implicar un acord de col·laboració entre diferents agents o institucions socials que possibilitin aquesta reciprocitat de beneficis d’aprenentatge i de servei. En aquest cas hem treballat com “partners” amb el Col·legi de farmacèutics, amb les farmàcies del barri i amb el SIGRE (responsable del reciclatge dels medicaments)

    Medicamentos: cuál, cuándo, cómo. Proyecto de Aprendizaje y Servicio para secundaria. Guía didáctica.

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    La unidad didáctica que hemos realizado tiene como objetivo principal diseñar un proyecto de Aprendizaje y Servicio (APS) centrado en el uso adecuado de los medicamentos. El proyecto se caracteriza por ser una propuesta educativa dirigida a jóvenes de ESO o de primer curso de Bachillerato que combina actividades de aprendizaje con actividades de servicio a la comunidad. El enfoque metodológico de esta unidad didáctica ayudará a desarrollar y alcanzar determinadas competencias básicas, al tiempo que motivará al alumnado, ya que se presenta una enseñanza contextualizada y significativa para la comunidad. Los proyectos de APS responden a una necesidad concreta y relevante del entorno social y, siempre que se pueda, deben implicar un acuerdo de colaboración entre distintos agentes o instituciones sociales que posibiliten esta reciprocidad de beneficios de aprendizaje y servicio. En este caso, hemos trabajado como partners con el Colegio de Farmacéuticos de Barcelona, las farmacias de barrio y SIGRE Medicamento y Medio Ambiente (entidad sin ánimo de lucro responsable del reciclado de los envases y restos de medicamentos de origen domiciliario). Hemos decidido centrarnos en el ámbito del «uso de los medicamentos», un ámbito de actuación que favorece en especial el aprendizaje y la aplicación de conocimientos del currículo de ciencias, puesto que estamos convencidos de la importancia de que la escuela forme a los jóvenes para ser competentes (lúcidos, eficientes y responsables) en dicho aspecto, de gran transcendencia para la salud, en la esfera personal, familiar y social, así como para el medio ambiente. El objetivo principal del proyecto es tomar consciencia de la importancia de utilizar correctamente los medicamentos, tanto desde el punto de vista de la salud como del medio ambiente. Para lograrlo se han diseñado actividades de enseñanza/aprendizaje de tipo «experiencial», en el sentido de que los alumnos se impliquen y puedan adquirir y aplicar conocimientos en distintos contextos. Hemos diseñado distintas actividades: estudio de casos, trabajo cooperativo, análisis de etiquetas de medicamentos, reciclado de los medicamentos en el domicilio y en la escuela, organización del contenido adecuado de un botiquín doméstico, entre otras. En cuanto a lo referente al servicio, se propone la revisión del botiquín de casa y de la escuela, así como acudir al punto SIGRE de la farmacia a llevar los medicamentos que ya no se utilicen o estén caducados, tanto si están vacíos como no. Además, se sugieren otras actividades, como una campaña de sensibilización para los compañeros y demás escuelas de niveles inferiores, en la que se haga referencia a cuáles son los medicamentos básicos necesarios en un botiquín, pero también se argumente la necesidad de realizar una recogida especial de los mismos, relacionándolo con el medio ambiente Este proyecto se puede aplicar tanto a 3º de ESO por el tema de Salud y enfermedades, como a 1º de Bachillerato, dentro de la materia Ciencias para el Mundo Contemporáneo

    Localized Plasticity in the Streamlined Genomes of Vinyl Chloride Respiring Dehalococcoides

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    Vinyl chloride (VC) is a human carcinogen and widespread priority pollutant. Here we report the first, to our knowledge, complete genome sequences of microorganisms able to respire VC, Dehalococcoides sp. strains VS and BAV1. Notably, the respective VC reductase encoding genes, vcrAB and bvcAB, were found embedded in distinct genomic islands (GEIs) with different predicted integration sites, suggesting that these genes were acquired horizontally and independently by distinct mechanisms. A comparative analysis that included two previously sequenced Dehalococcoides genomes revealed a contextually conserved core that is interrupted by two high plasticity regions (HPRs) near the Ori. These HPRs contain the majority of GEIs and strain-specific genes identified in the four Dehalococcoides genomes, an elevated number of repeated elements including insertion sequences (IS), as well as 91 of 96 rdhAB, genes that putatively encode terminal reductases in organohalide respiration. Only three core rdhA orthologous groups were identified, and only one of these groups is supported by synteny. The low number of core rdhAB, contrasted with the high rdhAB numbers per genome (up to 36 in strain VS), as well as their colocalization with GEIs and other signatures for horizontal transfer, suggests that niche adaptation via organohalide respiration is a fundamental ecological strategy in Dehalococccoides. This adaptation has been exacted through multiple mechanisms of recombination that are mainly confined within HPRs of an otherwise remarkably stable, syntenic, streamlined genome among the smallest of any free-living microorganism

    Proliferation and survival of human amniotic epithelial cells during their hepatic differentiation

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    Stem cells derived from placental tissues are an attractive source of cells for regenerative medicine. Amniotic epithelial cells isolated from human amnion (hAECs) have desirable and competitive characteristics that make them stand out between other stem cells. They have the ability to differentiate toward all three germ layers, they are not tumorigenic and they have immunosuppressive properties. Although liver transplantation is the best way to treat acute and chronic hepatic failure patients, there are several obstacles. Recently, stem cells have been spotlighted as alternative source of hepatocytes because of their potential for hepatogenic differentiation. In this work, we aimed to study the proliferation and survival of the hAECs during their hepatic differentiation. We have also analyzed the changes in pluripotency and hepatic markers. We differentiated amniotic cells applying a specific hepatic differentiation (HD) protocol. We determined by qRT-PCR that hAECs express significant levels of SOX-2, OCT-4 and NANOG during at least 15 days in culture and these pluripotent markers diminish during HD. SSEA-4 expression was reduced during HD, measured by immunofluorescence. Morphological characteristics became more similar to hepatic ones in differentiated cells and representative hepatic markers significantly augmented their expression, measured by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Cells achieved a differentiation efficiency of 75%. We observed that HD induced proliferation and promoted survival of hAECs, during 30 days in culture, evaluated by 3H-thymidine incorporation and MTT assay. HD also promoted changes in hAECs cell cycle. Cyclin D1 expression increased, while p21 and p53 levels were reduced. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that Ki-67 expression was upregulated during HD. Finally, ERK 1/2 phosphorylation, which is intimately linked to proliferation and cell survival, augmented during all HD process and the inhibition of this signaling pathway affected not only proliferation but also differentiation. Our results suggest that HD promotes proliferation and survival of hAECs, providing important evidence about the mechanisms governing their hepatic differentiation. We bring new knowledge concerning some of the optimal transplantation conditions for these hepatic like cells.Fil: Maymo, Julieta Lorena. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Riedel, Rodrigo Nicolas. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Pérez Alcázar, Germán Antonio. Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena;Fil: Magatti, Marta. Istituto Ospedaliero;Fil: Maskin, Bernardo. Hospital Nacional Professor Dr. Alejandro Posadas; ArgentinaFil: Dueñas, José Luis. Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena;Fil: Parolini, Ornella. Istituto Ospedaliero;Fil: Sánchez-Margalet, Víctor. Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena;Fil: Varone, Cecilia Laura. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentin

    Propionicicella superfundia gen. nov., sp. nov., a chlorosolvent-tolerant propionate-forming, facultative anaerobic bacterium isolated from contaminated groundwater

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    A novel strain, designated as BL-10T, was characterized using a polyphasic approach after isolation from groundwater contaminated by a mixture of chlorosolvents that included 1,1,2-trichloroethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, and vinyl chloride. Stain BL-10T is a facultatively anaerobic bacterium able to ferment glucose to form propionate, acetate, formate, lactate, and succinate. Fermentation occurred in the presence of 1,2-dichloroethane and 1,1,2-trichloroethane at concentrations to at least 9.8 and 5.9 mM, respectively. Cells are Gram-positive, rod-shaped, non-motile, and do not form spores. Oxidase and catalase are not produced and nitrate reduction did not occur in PYG medium. Menaquinone MK-9 is the predominant respiratory quinone and meso-diaminopimelic acid is present in the cell wall peptidoglycan layer. Major cellular fatty acids are C15:0, iso C16:0, and anteiso C15:0. Genomic DNA G+C content is 69.9 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed strain BL-10T to fall within the radiation of genera Propionicimonas and Micropruina. On the basis of the results obtained in this study, it is proposed that strain BL-10T should be classified as a novel taxon, for which the name Propionicicella superfundia gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Propionicicella superfundia is BL-10T (=ATCC BAA-1218T, =LMG 23096T).1http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B7GVX-4HS3BT8-1/1/395e77acd1f8349190753e165cda022

    Numerical modeling analysis of hydrodynamic and microbial controls on DNAPL pool dissolution and detoxification: Dehalorespirers in co-culture

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    Dissolution of dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) contaminants like tetrachloroethene (PCE) can be bioenhanced via biodegradation, which increases the concentration gradient at the DNAPL-water interface. Model simulations were used to evaluate the impact of ecological interactions between different dehalorespiring strains and hydrodynamics on the bioenhancement effect and the extent of PCE dechlorination. Simulations were performed using a two-dimensional coupled flow-transport model, with a DNAPL pool source and two microbial species, Dehalococcoides mccartyi 195 and Desulfuromonas michiganensis, which compete for electron acceptors (e.g., PCE), but not for their electron donors. Under biostimulation, low vx conditions, D. michiganensis alone significantly enhanced dissolution by rapidly utilizing aqueous-phase PCE. In co-culture under these conditions, D. mccartyi 195 increased this bioenhancement modestly and greatly increased the extent of PCE transformation. Although D. michiganensis was the dominant population under low velocity conditions, D. mccartyi 195 dominated under high velocity conditions due to bioclogging effects
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