Magnetomechanical effect in nickel and cobalt

The change in magnetization as a result of applied uniaxial stress has been measured in nickel and cobalt. Both tensile and compressive stresses were applied up to 125 MPa. Magnetostriction and anhysteretic magnetization as a function of stress were also measured. The change in magnetization with stress depended on the applied stress and the displacement between the prevailing magnetization and anhysteretic. At the loop tips, nickel showed a +6 mT (compression) and −6 mT (tension) magnetization change while cobalt displayed a +15 mT (compression) and −15 mT (tension) magnetization change. At remanence,nickel decreased in magnetization by 45 mT under either sign of stress, while cobalt decreased by 20 mT also under either sign of stress. Magnetomechanical changes in magnetization near the loop tips were mostly reversible, while at remanence the magnetomechanical change was predominately irreversible. Cobalt generally displayed larger changes in magnetization with stress than nickel at locations close to the loop tips, while the converse was true at locations near remanence. The results confirm the hypothesis that the magnetomechanical effect(dM/dσ) depends on the displacement between the anhysteretic and prevailing magnetization

Variability in plasma concentrations of methylprednisolone 6 days after intrasynovial injection of methylprednisolone acetate in racing horses: A field study

Background: Methylprednisolone (MP) acetate is a commonly used corticosteroid for suppression of inflammation in synovial structures in horses. Its use is often regulated in equine sports by plasma MP concentrations. Objectives: To describe variability in MP plasma concentrations after MP acetate injection in different synovial structures and with co-administration with hyaluronic acid (HA). Study design: Field study in actively racing horses in three disciplines (Thoroughbred, Standardbred and Quarter Horse). Methods: Seventy-six horses (15 Thoroughbreds, 20 Standardbreds and 41 Quarter Horses) were included in the study. Injection of any synovial structure with a total body dose of 100 mg MP acetate was permitted, data were grouped according to the synovial structure injected and coadministration with HA. Plasma was collected before injection and at 6 days post-injection. Per cent censored data (below the limit of quantification) for each synovial structure were determined, and summary statistics generated by Robust Regression on Order. Differences between synovial structures and co-administration with HA were identified by ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc testing. Results: Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) plasma concentrations contained 86% censored data and could not be included in the statistical analysis. The carpal joints (CJO) group had a lower plasma MP concentration (P \u3c 0.05) than the distal tarsal joints (DTJ) or medial femorotibial (MFT), the no HA (NHA) group had a lower plasma MP concentration (P \u3c 0.05) than HA. Main limitations: The synovial structures injected varied by racing discipline, so this study was unable to identify any differences between disciplines. Conclusions: Practitioners should be aware that injection of DTJ, CS and MFT joints, and combining MP acetate with HA may prolong its clearance, and withdrawal times for competition in regulated equine sports

Un estudio transversal sobre la fatiga y la satisfacción de Zoom en el aprendizaje en línea entre estudiantes de enfermería filipinos

This study determined the associations between Zoom fatigue and satisfaction with online learning among nursing students in a higher institution of learning in the Philippines. A cross-sectional research design was employed and a web-based survey using two self-report measures was conducted in 2021. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and linear regression were used to analyze the responses of 408 student respondents. The sample demonstrated high levels of Zoom fatigue and low to average online learning satisfaction. There was a significant difference in the Zoom fatigue levels between male and female students. Higher Zoom fatigue levels predicted reduced online learning satisfaction. This study underscores that online learning and virtual meetings have a likely negative impact on students' online learning experiences. Nursing schools may need to reconsider the existing learning and teaching strategies and start measures that will foster more meaningful and positive experiences in the virtual learning environment.Este estudio determinó las asociaciones entre la fatiga al usar Zoom y la satisfacción en el aprendizaje en línea entre estudiantes de enfermería en una institución superior de aprendizaje en Filipinas. Se empleó un diseño de investigación transversal y se realizó una encuesta basada en la web con dos medidas de autoinforme en 2021. Se usaron estadísticas descriptivas, correlación de Pearson y regresión lineal para analizar las respuestas de 408 estudiantes encuestados. La muestra demostró altos niveles de fatiga al utilizar Zoom y una satisfacción de aprendizaje en línea de baja a media. Hubo una diferencia significativa en los niveles de fatiga al usar Zoom entre estudiantes masculinos y femeninos. Los niveles más altos de fatiga al utilizar Zoom predijeron una reducción de la satisfacción del aprendizaje en línea. Este estudio subraya que el aprendizaje en línea y las reuniones virtuales probablemente tengan un impacto negativo en las experiencias de aprendizaje en línea de los estudiantes. Es posible que las escuelas de enfermería deban reconsiderar las estrategias de aprendizaje y enseñanza existentes e iniciar medidas que fomenten experiencias más significativas y positivas en el entorno de aprendizaje virtual

Recent developments in modeling of the stress derivative of magnetization in ferromagnetic materials

The effect of changing stress on the magnetization of ferromagnetic materials leads to behavior in which the magnetization may increase, or decrease, when exposed to the same stress under the same external conditions. A simple empirical law seems to govern the behavior when the magnetization begins from a major hysteresis loop. The application of the law of approach, in which the derivative of the magnetization with respect to the elastic energy supplied dM/dW is proportional to the magnetization displacement M an−M, is discussed

Perlecan Maintains microvessel integrity in vivo and modulates their formation in vitro

Perlecan is a heparan sulfate proteoglycan assembled into the vascular basement membranes (BMs) during vasculogenesis. In the present study we have investigated vessel formation in mice, teratomas and embryoid bodies (EBs) in the absence of perlecan. We found that perlecan was dispensable for blood vessel formation and maturation until embryonic day (E) 12.5. At later stages of development 40% of mutant embryos showed dilated microvessels in brain and skin, which ruptured and led to severe bleedings. Surprisingly, teratomas derived from perlecan-null ES cells showed efficient contribution of perlecan-deficient endothelial cells to an apparently normal tumor vasculature. However, in perlecan-deficient EBs the area occupied by an endothelial network and the number of vessel branches were significantly diminished. Addition of FGF-2 but not VEGF165 rescued the in vitro deficiency of the mutant ES cells. Furthermore, in the absence of perlecan in the EB matrix lower levels of FGFs are bound, stored and available for cell surface presentation. Altogether these findings suggest that perlecan supports the maintenance of brain and skin subendothelial BMs and promotes vasculo- and angiogenesis by modulating FGF-2 function

Novel immunomodulators from hard ticks selectively reprogramme human dendritic cell responses

Hard ticks subvert the immune responses of their vertebrate hosts in order to feed for much longer periods than other blood-feeding ectoparasites; this may be one reason why they transmit perhaps the greatest diversity of pathogens of any arthropod vector. Tick-induced immunomodulation is mediated by salivary components, some of which neutralise elements of innate immunity or inhibit the development of adaptive immunity. As dendritic cells (DC) trigger and help to regulate adaptive immunity, they are an ideal target for immunomodulation. However, previously described immunoactive components of tick saliva are either highly promiscuous in their cellular and molecular targets or have limited effects on DC. Here we address the question of whether the largest and globally most important group of ticks (the ixodid metastriates) produce salivary molecules that specifically modulate DC activity. We used chromatography to isolate a salivary gland protein (Japanin) from Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks. Japanin was cloned, and recombinant protein was produced in a baculoviral expression system. We found that Japanin specifically reprogrammes DC responses to a wide variety of stimuli in vitro, radically altering their expression of co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory transmembrane molecules (measured by flow cytometry) and their secretion of pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and T cell polarising cytokines (assessed by Luminex multiplex assays); it also inhibits the differentiation of DC from monocytes. Sequence alignments and enzymatic deglycosylation revealed Japanin to be a 17.7 kDa, N-glycosylated lipocalin. Using molecular cloning and database searches, we have identified a group of homologous proteins in R. appendiculatus and related species, three of which we have expressed and shown to possess DC-modulatory activity. All data were obtained using DC generated from at least four human blood donors, with rigorous statistical analysis. Our results suggest a previously unknown mechanism for parasite-induced subversion of adaptive immunity, one which may also facilitate pathogen transmission

Warmth and competence perceptions of key protagonists are associated with containment measures during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from 35 countries

It is crucial to understand why people comply with measures to contain viruses and their effects during pandemics. We provide evidence from 35 countries (Ntotal = 12,553) from 6 continents during the COVID-19 pandemic (between 2021 and 2022) obtained via cross-sectional surveys that the social perception of key protagonists on two basic dimensions—warmth and competence—plays a crucial role in shaping pandemic-related behaviors. Firstly, when asked in an open question format, heads of state, physicians, and protest movements were universally identified as key protagonists across countries. Secondly, multiple-group confirmatory factor analyses revealed that warmth and competence perceptions of these and other protagonists differed significantly within and between countries. Thirdly, internal meta-analyses showed that warmth and competence perceptions of heads of state, physicians, and protest movements were associated with support and opposition intentions, containment and prevention behaviors, as well as vaccination uptake. Our results have important implications for designing effective interventions to motivate desirable health outcomes and coping with future health crises and other global challenges.publishedVersio