On Douglas warped product metrics

We study the new warped metric proposed by P. Marcal and Z. Shen. We obtain the differential equation of such metrics with vanishing Douglas curvature. By solving this equation, we obtain all Douglas warped product metrics. We show that Landsberg and Berwald warped product metrics are equivalent. We classify Douglas Ricci-flat metrics. Examples are included.Comment: Corrections on Theorem 2 and corollarie

Problema plateau: superfícies mínimas construções geométricas

Anais do VI Encontro de Iniciação Científica e II Encontro Anual de Iniciação ao Desenvolvimento Tecnológico e Inovação – EICTI 2017 - 04 a 06 de outubro de 2017 - temática Ciências Exatas e da TerraO presente resumo é uma descrição do projeto que teve como foco estudar a geometria, enquanto construção geométrica ao estilo clássico com uso apenas de compasso e régua não metrada e por conseguinte os teoremas e proposições advindos da álgebra que determinam o “comportamento” e o potencial de construções com apenas estas duas ferramentas. Avançando concomitantemente nas construções práticas quanto nos teoremas que estudam a construtividade de números​ ​ e ​ ​ polígonos​ ​ regulares. Dentro deste estudo sobre a construção geométrica ao estilo grego, analisamos os três problemas clássicos da construção grega que levaram 2200 anos para serem provados, três construções impossíveis de serem feitas apenas com régua e compasso. Seriam estas a trissecção de um ângulo qualquer, a quadratura de um círculo e a duplicação de um cubo. Cada qual, tendo sua impossibilidade justificada pelos​ ​ teoremas​ ​ de​ ​ álgebra​ ​ que​ ​ delimitam​ ​ o ​ ​ que​ ​ é ​ ​ construtível​ ​ e ​ ​ o ​ ​ que​ ​ não​ ​ éUniversidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (Unila); Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq); Fundação Araucária; Parque Tecnológico Itaipu (PTI) e Companhia de Saneamento do Paraná (SANEPAR

Morphological traits of 'Granada' peach nursery trees from rootstocks of two production systems

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do uso de porta‑enxertos provenientes dos sistemas de produção clonal e por sementes sobre as características morfológicas de mudas de pessegueiro da cultivar Granada. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos (copa 'Granada' enxertada em cinco porta-enxertos) e cinco repetições. Os porta-enxertos da produção clonal foram o pessegueiro 'Okinawa' e os genótipos de pessegueiro GKM-ELD-10-70, EF-SAU-10-78 e EF-SAU-10-87 mantidos em vasos. Os porta-enxertos do sistema por sementes provieram de sementes de pêssego de algumas variedades copa (mistura de sementes), utilizadas para a fabricação de conserva e propagados em sistema de viveiro de campo. Foram avaliadas as variáveis morfológicas da parte aérea e das raízes. O sistema de produção dos porta-enxertos não afetou o volume de raízes. No entanto, as mudas do sistema de porta-enxertos clonais em vasos apresentaram maior percentagem de água nas raízes. Os porta-enxertos clonais em sistema de vasos não afetam a maioria das características morfológicas de mudas de pessegueiro 'Granada'; no entanto, induzem um sistema radicular homogêneo e retardam a abscisão foliar, além de não necessitarem de poda radicular.The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the use of rootstocks from clonal and seed production systems on the morphology of  nursery peach trees of cultivar Granada. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with five treatments ('Granada' scion grafted onto five rootstocks) and five replicates. The rootstocks from clonal production were the 'Okinawa' peach plant and the GKM-ELD-10-70, EF-SAU-10-78, and EF-SAU-10-87 peach genotypes kept in pots. The rootstocks from the seed production system came from peach seed of some scion varieties (mixed pits) used for canning production and propagated in a nursery field system. Shoot and root morphological variables were evaluated. The rootstock production system did not affect root volume. However, the nursery trees of the clonal rootstocks system kept in pots showed a higher percentage of water in the roots. The clonal rootstocks in the potted system do not affect most of the morphological traits of 'Granada' peach nursery trees; however, they induce a homogeneous root system and delay leaf abscission, besides not requiring root pruning

Métricas de Finsler esfericamente simétricas

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, 2015.Consideramos métricas de Finsler esfericamente simétricas do tipo Douglas. Caracterizamos tais métricas por uma equação diferencial e obtemos a solução geral desta equação em termos de quatro funções arbitrárias. Quando as métricas de Finsler são esfericamente simétricas mostramos que as métricas do tipo Berwald coincidem com as do tipo Landsberg. Provamos que o problema de classificar as métricas esfericamente simétricas do tipo Douglas com S−curvatura nula reduz-se a classificar as métricas esfericmanete simétricas do tipo Berwald ou Landsberg. Obtemos a classificação de tais métricas. Incluímos vários exemplos e classes de novas métricas de Douglas.We consider spherically symmetric Finsler metrics of Douglas type. We characterize such metrics by a differential equation and we obtain the general solution of this equation in terms of four arbitrary functions. For spherically symmetric Finsler metrics we show that the metrics of Berwald type coincide whit those of Landsberg type. We prove that the problem of classifying the spherically symmetric Douglas metrics whose S−curvature vanishes reduce to classifying the spherical symmetric metrics of Berwald or Landsberg type. We obtain the classification of such metrics. We include several examples and new classes of Douglas metrics

Propagação vegetativa de porta-enxertos e enxertia da ameixeira ‘Irati’ em estacas herbáceas recém-enraizadas

In Brazil, nursery plum trees are traditionally produced by interspecific budding, where the rootstock is propagated by peach seeds often obtained from the waste of peach industrialization, which promotes heterogeneity among rootstocks. In addition, the conventional system of nursery plum tree production under field conditions requires approximately 18 months, from taking seeds to selling grafted trees. This research has aimed to assess the technical feasibility of adventitious root formation in the softwood cuttings of six cultivars of Prunus spp., as well as the budding of ‘Irati’ plum in the recently rooted softwood cuttings developed in a greenhouse, in order to reduce the time required to produce nursery plum trees with cloned rootstocks. Two tests were carried out in a greenhouse involving the rootstock propagation step (1) and the ‘Irati’ plum budding on the recently rooted cuttings (2). Under the experimental conditions adopted, we have concluded that it is technically feasible to propagate the cultivars of Prunus spp. under an intermittent mist system with 22 cm-long softwood cuttings. The cultivars ‘Genovesa’, ‘Marianna 2624’, and ‘Myrobalan 29C’ showed good propagation ability with high percentage of live rooted cuttings (>90%) and low mortality in acclimation (≤5.0%). On the other hand, the budding of the ‘Irati’ plum by the chip budding method made in April in the original rootstock cutting showed low percentages of success (between 17.1% and 31.4%) and the beginning of scion growth was only observed at the end of winter. Considering the time necessary for the softwood cutting to root and the satisfactory growth of the scion for planting the nursery trees at the appropriate time (winter), we could not produce budded nursery trees of ‘Irati’ plum in less than 12 months, counting from the cuttings made.No Brasil, as mudas de ameixeira são tradicionalmente produzidas por enxertia interespecífica, sendo o porta-enxerto propagado a partir de sementes de pessegueiro, muitas vezes obtidas do resíduo da industrialização do pêssego, o que promove heterogeneidade entre os porta-enxertos. Além disso, o sistema convencional de produção de mudas de ameixeira em condições de campo demanda em torno de 18 meses, desde a obtenção dos caroços à comercialização das mudas enxertadas. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a viabilidade técnica do enraizamento adventício de estacas herbáceas de seis cultivares de Prunus spp., bem como a realização da enxertia da ameixeira ‘Irati’ nas estacas recém-enraizadas em casa de vegetação, visando reduzir o tempo necessário para produzir mudas com porta-enxertos clonados. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos em casa de vegetação, envolvendo a fase de propagação do porta-enxerto (1) e a fase da enxertia da ameixeira ’Irati’ nas estacas recém-enraizadas (2). Nas condições experimentais adotadas, conclui-se que é tecnicamente viável a propagação vegetativa de cultivares de Prunus spp. sob nebulização intermitente, utilizando-se estacas herbáceas com 22 cm de comprimento. As cultivares Genovesa, Marianna 2624 e Myrobalan 29C apresentam boa capacidade de propagação, com alta porcentagem de estacas enraizadas vivas (>90%) e baixa mortalidade na aclimatação (≤5,0%). A enxertia de “borbulhia de escudo com lenho” da ameixeira ‘Irati’, realizada em abril na estaca original do porta-enxerto, apresenta baixas porcentagens de pegamento (entre 17,1% e 31,4%) e o início do crescimento dos enxertos só é observado no final do inverno. Considerando os períodos necessários ao enraizamento da estaca herbácea e ao crescimento satisfatório do enxerto, para o plantio da muda na época adequada (inverno), não é possível produzir mudas enxertadas da ameixeira ‘Irati’ em tempo inferior a 12 meses, contado a partir da estaquia

Vigor de clones de umezeiro e pessegueiro 'Okinawa' propagados por estacas herbáceas

The objective of this work was to evaluate the vigour of three mume's clones (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.) and 'Okinawa' peach tree [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch], propagated by herbaceous cuttings, at field conditions. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, using four treatments (genotypes) and five repetitions, with 0.5 m among plants. 'Okinawa' peach presented larger trunck diameter, in relation to mume's clones. In the adjacent analysis of the variables, mume's Clone 10 reveals least vigorous, indicating the possibility of success as dwarf rootstock for peach tree.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o vigor de três clones de umezeiro (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.) e do pessegueiro 'Okinawa' [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch], propagados por estacas herbáceas, em condições de campo. O experimento foi conduzido em blocos ao acaso, com quatro tratamentos (genótipos) e cinco repetições. As plantas foram espaçadas 0,5 m entre si. O pessegueiro 'Okinawa' apresentou maior diâmetro do tronco, em relação aos clones de umezeiro. Na análise conjunta das variáveis, o Clone 10 revela-se o menos vigoroso, indicando a possibilidade de sucesso como porta-enxerto ananizante para pessegueiro

Randomized, open-label, phase 1/2a study to determine the maximum tolerated dose of intraventricular sustained release nimodipine for subarachnoid hemorrhage (NEWTON [Nimodipine Microparticles to Enhance Recovery While Reducing Toxicity After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage])

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE—: We conducted a randomized, open-label, phase 1/2a, dose-escalation study of intraventricular sustained-release nimodipine (EG-1962) to determine safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and clinical effects in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. METHODS—: Subjects with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage repaired by clipping or coiling were randomized to EG-1962 or enteral nimodipine. Subjects were World Federation of Neurological Surgeons grade 2 to 4 and had an external ventricular drain. Cohorts of 12 subjects received 100 to 1200 mg EG-1962 (9 per cohort) or enteral nimodipine (3 per cohort). The primary objective was to determine the maximum tolerated dose. RESULTS—: Fifty-four subjects in North America were randomized to EG-1962, and 18 subjects were randomized to enteral nimodipine. The maximum tolerated dose was 800 mg. One serious adverse event related to EG-1962 (400 mg) and 2 EG-1962 dose-limiting toxicities were without clinical sequelae. There was no EG-1962-related hypotension compared with 17% (3/18) with enteral nimodipine. Favorable outcome at 90 days on the extended Glasgow outcome scale occurred in 27/45 (60%, 95% confidence interval 46%–74%) EG-1962 subjects (5/9 with 100, 6/9 with 200, 7/9 with 400, 4/9 with 600, and 5/9 with 800 mg) and 5/18 (28%, 95% confidence interval 7%–48%, relative risk reduction of unfavorable outcome; 1.45, 95% confidence interval 1.04–2.03; P=0.027) enteral nimodipine subjects. EG-1962 reduced delayed cerebral ischemia (14/45 [31%] EG-1962 versus 11/18 [61%] enteral nimodipine) and rescue therapy (11/45 [24%] versus 10/18 [56%]). CONCLUSIONS—: EG-1962 was safe and tolerable to 800 mg, and in this, aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage population was associated with reduced delayed cerebral ischemia and rescue therapy. Overall, the rate of favorable clinical outcome was greater in the EG-1962-treated group. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION—: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01893190

Crescimento vegetativo e teores de nutrientes nas folhas de pessegueiro sobre diferentes porta-enxertos clonais

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of 19 clonal rootstocks on the vegetative growth and foliar nutrient contents of the 'BRS Kampai' and 'BRS Rubimel' peach (Prunus persica) trees. In the period of 2014 to 2018, two field trials were carried out in the municipalities of Jarinu and Jundiaí, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The BRS Kampai and BRS Rubimel cultivars, budded on 19 clonal rootstocks, besides their own-rooted scions, were evaluated in Jarinu and Jundiaí, respectively. In Jarinu, the Barrier, Cadaman, 'Capdeboscq', Flordaguard, GxN9, I-67-52-4, 'Okinawa', México Fila-1, Nemared, Tsukuba-2, and Tsukuba-3 rootstocks, as well as the own-rooted scion, showed the best performance for vegetative growth and foliar nutrient contents. In Jundiaí, all genotypes, except Marianna 2624 and Mirabolano 29C, did not show any statistical difference regarding vegetative growth. The performance of own-rooted 'BRS Kampai' and 'BRS Rubimel' is similar to that of traditional rootstocks, such as 'Okinawa'. Therefore, the evaluated scion cultivars may be an interesting alternative for sites with suitable biotic and abiotic soil conditions.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de 19 porta-enxertos clonais sobre o crescimento vegetativo e os teores de nutrientes nas folhas dos pessegueiros (Prunus persica) 'BRS Kampai' e 'BRS Rubimel'. No período de 2014 a 2018, foram realizados dois ensaios em campo, nos municípios de Jarinu e Jundiaí, no estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Foram avaliadas as cultivares BRS Kampai e BRS Rubimel enxertadas em 19 porta-enxertos clonais, além de suas copas autoenraizadas, em Jarinu e Jundiaí, respectivamente. Em Jarinu, os porta-enxertos Barrier, Cadaman, 'Capdeboscq', Flordaguard, GxN9, I-67-52-4, 'Okinawa', México Fila-1, Nemared, Tsukuba-2 e Tsukuba-3, além da copa autoenraizada, apresentaram melhor desempenho para crescimento vegetativo e teores de nutrientes nas folhas. Em Jundiaí, todos os genótipos, exceto Marianna 2624 e Mirabolano 29C, não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas quanto ao crescimento vegetativo. O desempenho de 'BRS Kampai' e 'BRS Rubimel' autoenraizadas é similar ao dos porta-enxertos tradicionais, como 'Okinawa'. Assim, as cultivares-copa avaliadas podem ser consideradas alternativa interessante para locais com condições bióticas e abióticas de solo adequadas.

Simultaneous selection of peach rootstocks by mixed models

The term adaptability refers to the ability of a genotype to respond favorably to environmental spur, while stability is the predictability of genotypic behavior. Therefore, the objective was to select Prunus rootstock cultivars with greater adaptability and genotypic stability for subtropical environmental conditions using the HMPRVG method. The experiment was conducted in Chapecó, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Twenty-one rootstock genotypes were evaluated under the ‘BRS-Libra’ canopy cultivar and one genotype from self-rooted seedlings. The 22 genotypes were evaluated for canopy volume, yield, fruit diameter and fruit set in the growing seasons 2015/16, 2016/17, 2017/18 and 2018/19. Adaptability and stability were measured by means of the harmonic mean relative performance of genotypic values (HMRPGV). In addition, genetic parameters for heritability and ratio test were measured. According to the results, the self-rooted, ‘De Guia’, ‘I-67-52-4’, ‘Mexico Row 1’ and ‘Rosaflor’ genotypes coincided most frequently in the ranking of the three most adaptable and stable genotypes. On the other hand, the ‘P. mandshurica’, ‘Rigitano’ and ‘Santa Rosa’ genotypes corresponded to the lowest adaptability and stability values, thus constituting low quality genetic materials for cultivation. It can be concluded that under the tested conditions the HMPRVG method is efficient for the Prunus rootstock selection cultivars and the ‘BRS-Libra’ grafted on ‘Mexico Row 1’, ‘Rosaflor’ rootstocks and trees from self-rooted seedlings have greater adaptability and phenotypic stability under the subtropical cultivation conditions.The term adaptability refers to the ability of a genotype to respond favorably to environmental spur, while stability is the predictability of genotypic behavior. Therefore, the objective was to select Prunus rootstock cultivars with greater adaptability and genotypic stability for subtropical environmental conditions using the HMPRVG method. The experiment was conducted in Chapecó, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Twenty-one rootstock genotypes were evaluated under the ‘BRS-Libra’ canopy cultivar and one genotype from self-rooted seedlings. The 22 genotypes were evaluated for canopy volume, yield, fruit diameter and fruit set in the growing seasons 2015/16, 2016/17, 2017/18 and 2018/19. Adaptability and stability were measured by means of the harmonic mean relative performance of genotypic values (HMRPGV). In addition, genetic parameters for heritability and ratio test were measured. According to the results, the self-rooted, ‘De Guia’, ‘I-67-52-4’, ‘Mexico Row 1’ and ‘Rosaflor’ genotypes coincided most frequently in the ranking of the three most adaptable and stable genotypes. On the other hand, the ‘P. mandshurica’, ‘Rigitano’ and ‘Santa Rosa’ genotypes corresponded to the lowest adaptability and stability values, thus constituting low quality genetic materials for cultivation. It can be concluded that under the tested conditions the HMPRVG method is efficient for the Prunus rootstock selection cultivars and the ‘BRS-Libra’ grafted on ‘Mexico Row 1’, ‘Rosaflor’ rootstocks and trees from self-rooted seedlings have greater adaptability and phenotypic stability under the subtropical cultivation conditions

Desempenho inicial de nectarineiras 'Sunraycer' autoenraizadas e sobre porta-enxertos

The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance in the field of 'Sunraycer' nectarine plants when own rooted and budded onto 13 clonal rootstocks. For this, flowering, flushing, fruit maturity, vigor, and production were assessed. The time span between the end of flowering and the harvest period was shorter for 'Sunraycer' budded onto the 'G x N.9', 'Santa Rosa', and 'Ishtara' rootstocks. 'Flordaguard' and 'Ishtara' induced the largest and smallest canopy sizes, respectively. 'Flordaguard' resulted in the greatest production, and 'Cadaman', in the lowest. Own-rooted 'Sunraycer' plants produce heavier fruits and can be an alternative to growers.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho em campo de nectarineiras 'Sunraycer' autoenraizadas e sobre 13 porta-enxertos clonais. Para tanto, foram avaliados florescimento, brotação, maturidade dos frutos, vigor e produção. O intervalo entre o final do florescimento e a época da colheita foi menor para 'Sunraycer' sobre os porta-enxertos 'G x N.9', 'Santa Rosa' e 'Ishtara'. 'Flordaguard' e 'Ishtara' induziram o maior e o menor volume de copa, respectivamente. 'Flordaguard' resultou na maior produção, e 'Cadaman', na menor. Plantas 'Sunraycer' autoenraizadas produzem frutos de maior massa e podem ser uma alternativa para os produtores