A cross sectional study to evaluate indications and outcomes of caesarean section in a district hospital of West Bengal

Background: There is drastic rise in caesarean section (CS) rate worldwide in last decade as compared to optimal CS rate (10-15%) recommendation by WHO. This study was conducted to assess incidence and feto-maternal outcome in CS delivery.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in pregnant women admitted over one year from September 2017- August 2018 in West Bengal. Demographic details and indication of CS were recorded along with documentation of feto-maternal outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed with help of Epi Info (TM) 7.2.2.2. Z-test and corrected Chi square (χ2) test. p<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results: Out of total 10831 deliveries, 2914 (27%) women underwent CS. Demographic analysis shows maximum number of patients to be between 20-25years (51.7%), rural (58%), primigravida (51.3%), term pregnancy (87.7%). Non-progression of labour or NPL (45%) was most common indication of CS followed by previous CS (26.2%) and fetal distress (17.9%). Post CS wound infection was seen in 33 (1.1%) women. Two maternal deaths were recorded. Still born was documented in 0.8% while 6.8% fetus were referred to paediatric ICU.Conclusions: Rise in CS rates was mainly reported in 20-25 years age group, rural patients, in term pregnancy of primigravida patients. Most common indication for CS was NPL followed by previous CS and fetal distress. Mostly patients showed no complication in postpartum period. Only few patients had wound infection, hysterectomy and post-partum haemorrhage. More than 99% fetus survived without any complications.

Measurement of the Higgs boson production rate in association with top quarks in final states with electrons, muons, and hadronically decaying tau leptons at s√=13TeV

The rate for Higgs (H) bosons production in association with either one (tH) or two (tt¯H) top quarks is measured in final states containing multiple electrons, muons, or tau leptons decaying to hadrons and a neutrino, using proton–proton collisions recorded at a center-of-mass energy of 13TeV by the CMS experiment. The analyzed data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 137fb−1. The analysis is aimed at events that contain H→WW, H→ττ, or H→ZZ decays and each of the top quark(s) decays either to lepton+jets or all-jet channels. Sensitivity to signal is maximized by including ten signatures in the analysis, depending on the lepton multiplicity. The separation among tH, tt¯H, and the backgrounds is enhanced through machine-learning techniques and matrix-element methods. The measured production rates for the tt¯H and tH signals correspond to 0.92±0.19(stat)+0.17−0.13(syst) and 5.7±2.7(stat)±3.0(syst) of their respective standard model (SM) expectations. The corresponding observed (expected) significance amounts to 4.7 (5.2) standard deviations for tt¯H, and to 1.4 (0.3) for tH production. Assuming that the Higgs boson coupling to the tau lepton is equal in strength to its expectation in the SM, the coupling yt of the Higgs boson to the top quark divided by its SM expectation, κt=yt/ySMt, is constrained to be within −0.9<κt<−0.7 or 0.7<κt<1.1, at 95% confidence level. This result is the most sensitive measurement of the tt¯H production rate to date.SCOAP

Studies on Marketing of Selective Herbicide in Kurukshetra District of Haryana, India

An herbicide is a type of pesticide used to control or eliminate unwanted plants, commonly known as weeds. Antibiotics work by interfering with various physiological processes in plants, including photosynthesis, cellular respiration, and cell division. One of the main benefits of herbicides is their impact on weed control and crop yield. Calaris Xtra's business in the Kurukshetra district of Haryana includes two business channels where channel 2 (manufacturer-product-retailer-consumer) precedes channel 1 (manufacturing wholesaler-consumer). Finally, the price of Calaris will provide customers with an additional profit of Rs. 1300/700ml bottle. Finally, channel 1's total business profit is Rs 250, business price is Rs 54 and business efficiency is 4.27%. Channel I's spread is Rs 104, channel 2's total market cap is Rs 71 and channel 2's total market cap is Rs. 283 business efficiency is 3.89% with a spread of Rs 184 on channel 2. The limiting factor in the Calaris Xtra herbicide business is the high shipping cost, with 30 respondents responding to level 1, followed by storage issues, 20 responding as level II, followed by storage issues 18 high value participants, level III; followed by famine. level IV with 16 market participants; slow sales followed, with 11 participants responding to grade V; price volatility comes next and 5 participants answer level VI

Faceted Titania Nanocrystals Doped with Indium Oxide Nanoclusters As a Superior Candidate for Sacrificial Hydrogen Evolution without Any Noble-Metal Cocatalyst under Solar Irradiation

Development of unique nanoheterostructures consisting of indium oxide nanoclusters like species doped on the TiO₂ nanocrystals surfaces with {101} and {001} exposed facets, resulted in unprecedented sacrificial hydrogen production (5.3 mmol h^–1 g^–1) from water using methanol as a sacrificial agent, under visible light LED source and AM 1.5G solar simulator (10.3 mmol h^–1 g^–1), which is the highest H₂ production rate ever reported for titania based photocatalysts, without using any noble metal cocatalyst. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of the nanostructures reveals the presence of Ti–O–In and In–O–In like species on the surface of nanostructures. Electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) elemental mapping and EDX spectroscopy techniques combined with transmission electron microscope evidenced the existence of nanoheterostructures. XPS, EELS, EDX, and HAADF-STEM tools collectively suggest the presence of indium oxide nanoclusters like species on the surface of TiO₂ nanostructures. These indium oxide nanocluster doped TiO₂ (In₂O₃/T_{001}) single crystals with {101} and {001} exposed facets exhibited 1.3 times higher visible light photocatalytic H₂ production than indium oxide nanocluster doped TiO₂ nanocrystals with only {101}­facets (In₂O₃/T_{101}) exposed. The remarkable photocatalytic activity of the obtained nanoheterostructures is attributed to the combined synergetic effect of indium oxide nanoclusters interacting with the titania surface, enhanced visible light response, high crystallinity, and unique structural features