3,271 research outputs found
RF-MEMS Switched Varactors for Medium Power Applications
In RF (Radio Frequency) domain, one of the limitations of using MEMS (Micro
Electromechanical Systems) switching devices for medium power applications is
RF power. Failure phenomena appear even for 500 mW. A design of MEMS switched
capacitors with an enhanced topology is presented in this paper to prevent it.
This kind of device and its promising performances will serve to fabricate a
MEMS based phase shifter able to work under several watts.Comment: Submitted on behalf of EDA Publishing Association
(http://irevues.inist.fr/handle/2042/16838
Handling congestion in crowd motion modeling
We address here the issue of congestion in the modeling of crowd motion, in
the non-smooth framework: contacts between people are not anticipated and
avoided, they actually occur, and they are explicitly taken into account in the
model. We limit our approach to very basic principles in terms of behavior, to
focus on the particular problems raised by the non-smooth character of the
models. We consider that individuals tend to move according to a desired, or
spontanous, velocity. We account for congestion by assuming that the evolution
realizes at each time an instantaneous balance between individual tendencies
and global constraints (overlapping is forbidden): the actual velocity is
defined as the closest to the desired velocity among all admissible ones, in a
least square sense. We develop those principles in the microscopic and
macroscopic settings, and we present how the framework of Wasserstein distance
between measures allows to recover the sweeping process nature of the problem
on the macroscopic level, which makes it possible to obtain existence results
in spite of the non-smooth character of the evolution process. Micro and macro
approaches are compared, and we investigate the similarities together with deep
differences of those two levels of description
Grain growth in the envelopes and disks of Class I protostars
We present new 3 mm ATCA data of two Class I Young Stellar Objects in the
Ophiucus star forming region: Elias29 and WL12. For our analysis we compare
them with archival 1.1 mm SMA data. In the (u,v) plane the two sources present
a similar behavior: a nearly constant non-zero emission at long baselines,
which suggests the presence of an unresolved component and an increase of the
fluxes at short baselines, related to the presence of an extended envelope. Our
data analysis leads to unusually low values of the spectral index , which may indicate that mm-sized dust grains have already formed
both in the envelopes and in the disk-like structures at such early stages. To
explore the possible scenarios for the interpretation of the sources we perform
a radiative transfer modeling using a Monte Carlo code, in order to take into
account possible deviations from the Rayleigh-Jeans and optically thin regimes.
Comparison between the model outputs and the observations indicates that dust
grains may form aggregates up to millimeter size already in the inner regions
of the envelopes of Class I YSOs. Moreover, we conclude that the embedded
disk-like structures in our two Class Is are probably very compact, in
particular in the case of WL12, with outer radii down to tens of AU.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures, Accepted for publication in A&
Effects of Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) vapor inhalation in Sprague-Dawley and Wistar rats.
An inhalation system based on e-cigarette technology produces hypothermic and antinociceptive effects of Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in rats. Indirect comparison of some prior investigations suggested differential impact of inhaled THC between Wistar (WI) and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats; thus, this study was conducted to directly compare the strains across inhaled and injected routes of administration. Groups (N = 8 per strain) of age-matched male SD and WI rats were prepared with radiotelemetry devices to measure temperature and then exposed to vapor from the propylene glycol (PG) vehicle or THC (25-200 mg/mL of PG) for 30 or 40 min. Additional studies evaluated effects of THC inhalation on plasma THC (50-200 mg/mL) and nociception (100-200 mg/mL) as well as the thermoregulatory effect of intraperitoneal injection of THC (5-30 mg/kg). Hypothermic effects of THC were more pronounced in SD rats, where plasma levels of THC were identical across strains, under either fixed inhalation conditions or injection of a mg/kg equivalent dose. Strain differences in hypothermia were largest after i.p. injection of THC, with SD rats exhibiting dose-dependent temperature reduction after 5 or 10 mg/kg, i.p. and the WI rats only exhibiting significant hypothermia after 20 mg/kg, i.p. The antinociceptive effects of inhaled THC (100, 200 mg/mL) did not differ significantly across the strains. These studies confirm an insensitivity of WI rats, compared with SD rats, to hypothermia induced by THC following inhalation conditions that produced identical plasma THC and antinociception. Thus, quantitative, albeit not qualitative, strain differences may be obtained when studying thermoregulatory effects of THC. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)
MARKETING OF BIOTECH FUNCTIONAL FOODS IN THE US
To date, most research in Europe and the United States has focused on eliciting consumer WTP for biotech foods without directly addressing strategies for marketing them. We use means-end theory to link consumers' knowledge about functional attributes, to their knowledge about consequences and core values, in order to gain insights into valued attributes for developing potential marketing strategies.Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Marketing,
First results from the CALYPSO IRAM-PdBI survey. I. Kinematics of the inner envelope of NGC1333-IRAS2A
The structure and kinematics of Class 0 protostars on scales of a few hundred
AU is poorly known. Recent observations have revealed the presence of Keplerian
disks with a diameter of 150-180 AU in L1527-IRS and VLA1623A, but it is not
clear if such disks are common in Class 0 protostars. Here we present
high-angular-resolution observations of two methanol lines in NGC1333-IRAS2A.
We argue that these lines probe the inner envelope, and we use them to study
the kinematics of this region. Our observations suggest the presence of a
marginal velocity gradient normal to the direction of the outflow. However, the
position velocity diagrams along the gradient direction appear inconsistent
with a Keplerian disk. Instead, we suggest that the emission originates from
the infalling and perhaps slowly rotating envelope, around a central protostar
of 0.1-0.2 M. If a disk is present, it is smaller than the disk of
L1527-IRS, perhaps suggesting that NGC1333-IRAS2A is younger.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A letter
Generalized Wasserstein distance and its application to transport equations with source
In this article, we generalize the Wasserstein distance to measures with
different masses. We study the properties of such distance. In particular, we
show that it metrizes weak convergence for tight sequences.
We use this generalized Wasserstein distance to study a transport equation
with source, in which both the vector field and the source depend on the
measure itself. We prove existence and uniqueness of the solution to the Cauchy
problem when the vector field and the source are Lipschitzian with respect to
the generalized Wasserstein distance
Glycolaldehyde in Perseus young solar analogs
Aims: In this paper we focus on the occurrence of glycolaldehyde (HCOCH2OH)
in young solar analogs by performing the first homogeneous and unbiased study
of this molecule in the Class 0 protostars of the nearby Perseus star forming
region. Methods: We obtained sub-arcsec angular resolution maps at 1.3mm and
1.4mm of glycolaldehyde emission lines using the IRAM Plateau de Bure (PdB)
interferometer in the framework of the CALYPSO IRAM large program. Results:
Glycolaldehyde has been detected towards 3 Class 0 and 1 Class I protostars out
of the 13 continuum sources targeted in Perseus: NGC1333-IRAS2A1,
NGC1333-IRAS4A2, NGC1333-IRAS4B1, and SVS13-A. The NGC1333 star forming region
looks particularly glycolaldehyde rich, with a rate of occurrence up to 60%.
The glycolaldehyde spatial distribution overlaps with the continuum one,
tracing the inner 100 au around the protostar. A large number of lines (up to
18), with upper-level energies Eu from 37 K up to 375 K has been detected. We
derived column densities > 10^15 cm^-2 and rotational temperatures Trot between
115 K and 236 K, imaging for the first time hot-corinos around NGC1333-IRAS4B1
and SVS13-A. Conclusions: In multiple systems glycolaldehyde emission is
detected only in one component. The case of the SVS13-A+B and IRAS4-A1+A2
systems support that the detection of glycolaldehyde (at least in the present
Perseus sample) indicates older protostars (i.e. SVS13-A and IRAS4-A2), evolved
enough to develop the hot-corino region (i.e. 100 K in the inner 100 au).
However, only two systems do not allow us to firmly conclude whether the
primary factor leading to the detection of glycolaldehyde emission is the
environments hosting the protostars, evolution (e.g. low value of Lsubmm/Lint),
or accretion luminosity (high Lint).Comment: A&A, in pres
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