Évolution de l'exposition au benzène

ANGERS-BU Médecine-Pharmacie (490072105) / SudocSudocFranceF

Une nouvelle molécule sur le marché français, le bupropion (Zyban®) (quelle place face aux substituts nicotiniques dans le sevrage tabagique ?)

ANGERS-BU Médecine-Pharmacie (490072105) / SudocSudocFranceF

Mise au point sur la toxicité des principaux métaux lourds (plomb, mercure et cadmium)

ANGERS-BU Médecine-Pharmacie (490072105) / SudocSudocFranceF

SCALA: une cellule systolique programmable pour l'algèbre linéaire

International audienceno abstrac

Adsorption and release of strontium from hydroxyapatite crystals developed in Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) on poly (2-hydroxyethyl) methacrylate substrates.

International audiencePoly (2-hydroxy ethyl) methacrylate (PHEMA) is a polymer that can be carboxymethylated to induce calcification at on its surface. This mimics the calcification of bone matrix since the polymer surface induces the deposit of large hydroxyapatite calcospherites. We investigated the effect of Sr2+ on hydroxyapatite crystals developed on PHEMA pellets. Pellets were incubated for 1 week in a synthetic body fluid (SBF) to induce mineralization, then 2 weeks in SBF containing 0, 130, 260 or 390 µM of Sr2+ allowing growth and maturation of calcospherites. Calcospherites were dissolved in HCl and Ca2+, PO43- and Sr2+ content was measured. Sr2+ release was assessed by transferring other pellets in saline which was collected at regular intervals to measure Sr2+ release. Hydroxyapatite was characterized by SEM, X-ray diffraction, FTIR and Raman microspectroscopy. After the maturation period, Sr2+ was incorporated into hydroxyapatite crystals as a function of its concentration in SBF. However, size of the calcospherites decreased as a function of the strontium concentration. During the release phase, the slope of Sr2+ elution was progressive and similar independently of the initial concentration; ~30% Sr2+ was released after 61 days. XRD showed that incorporation of Sr2+ produced no significant change in crystal lattice parameters or cristallinity. A progressive release of Sr2+occurred from the crystals. Strontium can adsorb rapidly on hydroxyapatite crystals and can be released easily. Carboxymethylated PHEMA can be used to study the effect of chemical compounds on the growth of hydroxyapatite nodules and their release in a second time

QPC et économie

International audienc

Trends in Fatal Poisoning Among Drug Users in France From 2011 to 2021

Importance The DRAMES (Décès en Relation avec l’Abus de Médicaments Et de Substances) register is a database of drug-related deaths with the aim of identifying the psychoactive substances associated with and estimating the trends in these deaths. Our novel approach is based on the collection of data on all deaths for which toxicology experts have performed analyses. Objective To describe drug-related deaths in France and report trends over an 11-year period. Design, Setting, and Participants This case series used a national register to assess 4460 drug-related deaths that occurred from 2011 to 2021 in France. Data analyses were performed from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2022. Main Outcomes and Measures Demographic characteristics; medical and substance abuse history; forensic autopsy findings; and toxicology reports. Results Among the 4460 deceased individuals (mean [SD] age, 37.8 [10.5] years), the mortality rate was highest among men (sex ratio, 4.4:1). Of the deaths involving a single or predominant drug, the legal substitution product, methadone, was the leading cause of death during the entire study period, ahead of heroin—44.7% and 35.9% for methadone vs 15.8% and 21.8% for heroin in 2011 and 2021, respectively. Between 2011 and 2021, most of the drug-related deaths shifted from licit to illicit drugs, and statistically significant variations were found for buprenorphine, cocaine, heroin, methadone, and other licit opioids. Deaths related to polydrug use increased from 23.2% in 2011 to 30.6% in 2021. In this context, opioids remained associated with most deaths, with at least 1 opioid being involved in approximately 9 of 10 cases (85.9%) in 2021. However, the main trend was the dramatic increase in drug combinations with cocaine, from less than one-third of cases in 2011 (30.8%) to more than half in 2021 (57.8%). Conclusions and Relevance This case series assessment of 4460 drug-related deaths found that opioids used alone or in combination were the main contributor to drug-related deaths, despite having a lower prevalence than other drugs. This finding is similar to that of other countries; however, in France licit methadone was the leading cause of opioid-related deaths (ahead of heroin) during the study period. Deaths associated with use of cannabis, new psychoactive substances, and stimulants (including amphetamine-type stimulants and cocaine, especially in combination) have increased and should be closely monitored