Gayle Rogers. Modernism and the New Spain. Oxford/New York: Oxford UP, 2012. xvi + 283 pp.

Review of Gayle Rogers. Modernism and the New Spain. Oxford/New York: Oxford UP, 2012. xvi + 283 pp

Nuevas aportaciones sobre la muerte de Alvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca en Valladolid y la autoría del "Prohemio" de Comentarios

Todavía se sigue defendiendo que Alvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca murió en Sevilla, pese a que no existe ninguna prueba documental que así lo confirme. Por el contrario, en el presente artículo se analizan una serie de documentos en los que apuntan al hecho de que murió en la ciudad de Valladolid. De igual forma se analiza el "prohemio" de sus Comentarios, sobre el que hasta la actualidad ningún estudioso se ha pronunciado respecto a su autoría, demostrándose la notoria diferencia de redacción que existe con el resto del libro, como evidencia que respalda la intervención del personaje estudiado en su redacción

Españoles y portugueses en Canadá en tiempos de Cristóbal Colón

ÍndicesBibliografía: [242]-261 p

Los asesores técnico-pedagógicos como promotores de la mejora continua con base en estándares para la educación básica

El documento reporta un proyecto solicitado por la Dirección General de Educación Indígena, de la Subsecretaría de Educación Básica, y realizado por el Centro de Estudios Educativos, en colaboración con Servicios Integrales de Evaluación y Medición Educativa y Heurística educativa. Su finalidad es que los Asesores Técnico-Pedagógicos (ATP) promuevan un modelo de mejora continua con base en estándares curriculares, de desempeño docente y de gestión escolar en las escuelas que acompañan, y analizar la información aportada por ellos respecto al proceso de implementación referido. Con el modelo se pretende: que las escuelas de educación indígena cuenten con referentes acordados para orientar y valorar su progreso, y que los ATP dispongan de una propuesta para configurar su papel como promotores de la mejora continua en las escuelas. El proyecto se apoya en la metodología desarrollada en la propuesta de Estándares para la Educación Básica en México. A partir de ella se han desarrollado las siguientes actividades y productos: diálogos con el equipo central de la Dirección para la Formación y Desarrollo Profesional de Docentes de Educación indígena; construcción del perfil del ATP como promotor de la mejora continua con estándares de desempeño docente; capacitación de 75 ATP provenientes de nueve estados del país con población indígena; trabajo de 60 ATP en 211 escuelas con la propuesta de estándares; recolección, procesamiento y análisis de la información, y comunicación de resultados

Evaluation of the potential of Mycobacterium smegmatis as vaccine Candidate against tuberculosis by in silico and in vivo studies

In this study, we scanned multiple published databases of gene expression in vivo of M. tuberculosis at different phases of infection in animals and humans, to select 38 proteins that are highly expressed in the active, latent and reactivation phases. The selected proteins were predicted for T and B epitopes. For each proteins, the regions containing T and B epitopes were selected at the same time to look for identical epitopes on M. smegmatis based on sequence alignments. Preliminary studies of humoral immunogenicity and cross-reactivity with M. tuberculosis in mice using two M. smegmatis-derived experimental vaccines were carried out, demonstrating the immunogenicity of M. smegmatis proteoliposomes and the recognition of M. tuberculosis proteins by the sera of animals immunized with this vaccine candidate. The conjunction of in silico and in vivo studies suggested the potential for future evaluation of M. smegmatis as vaccine candidate against tuberculosis using different strategie

Discovery of X-ray polarization angle rotation in active galaxy Mrk 421

The magnetic field conditions in astrophysical relativistic jets can be probed by multiwavelength polarimetry, which has been recently extended to X-rays. For example, one can track how the magnetic field changes in the flow of the radiating particles by observing rotations of the electric vector position angle $\Psi$. Here we report the discovery of a $\Psi_{\mathrm x}$ rotation in the X-ray band in the blazar Mrk 421 at an average flux state. Across the 5 days of Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) observations of 4-6 and 7-9 June 2022, $\Psi_{\mathrm x}$ rotated in total by $\geq360^\circ$. Over the two respective date ranges, we find constant, within uncertainties, rotation rates ($80 \pm 9$ and $91 \pm 8 ^\circ/\rm day$) and polarization degrees ($\Pi_{\mathrm x}=10\%\pm1\%$). Simulations of a random walk of the polarization vector indicate that it is unlikely that such rotation(s) are produced by a stochastic process. The X-ray emitting site does not completely overlap the radio/infrared/optical emission sites, as no similar rotation of $\Psi$ was observed in quasi-simultaneous data at longer wavelengths. We propose that the observed rotation was caused by a helical magnetic structure in the jet, illuminated in the X-rays by a localized shock propagating along this helix. The optically emitting region likely lies in a sheath surrounding an inner spine where the X-ray radiation is released

Magnetic Field Properties inside the Jet of Mrk 421: Multiwavelength Polarimetry Including the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer

We conducted a polarimetry campaign from radio to X-ray wavelengths of the high-synchrotron-peak (HSP) blazar Mrk 421, including Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) measurements on 2022 December 6-8. We detected X-ray polarization of Mrk 421 with a degree of $\Pi_{\rm X}$=14$\pm$1$\%$ and an electric-vector position angle $\psi_{\rm X}$=107$\pm$3$^{\circ}$ in the 2-8 keV band. From the time variability analysis, we find a significant episodic variation in $\psi_{\rm X}$. During 7 months from the first IXPE pointing of Mrk 421 in 2022 May, $\psi_{\rm X}$ varied across the range of 0$^{\circ}$ to 180$^{\circ}$, while $\Pi_{\rm X}$ maintained similar values within $\sim$10-15$\%$. Furthermore, a swing in $\psi_{\rm X}$ in 2022 June was accompanied by simultaneous spectral variations. The results of the multiwavelength polarimetry show that the X-ray polarization degree was generally $\sim$2-3 times greater than that at longer wavelengths, while the polarization angle fluctuated. Additionally, based on radio, infrared, and optical polarimetry, we find that rotation of $\psi$ occurred in the opposite direction with respect to the rotation of $\psi_{\rm X}$ over longer timescales at similar epochs. The polarization behavior observed across multiple wavelengths is consistent with previous IXPE findings for HSP blazars. This result favors the energy-stratified shock model developed to explain variable emission in relativistic jets. The accompanying spectral variation during the $\psi_{\rm X}$ rotation can be explained by a fluctuation in the physical conditions, e.g., in the energy distribution of relativistic electrons. The opposite rotation direction of $\psi$ between the X-ray and longer-wavelength polarization accentuates the conclusion that the X-ray emitting region is spatially separated from that at longer wavelengths.Comment: 17 pages, 13 figures, 4 tables; Accepted for publication in A&

Racial differences in systemic sclerosis disease presentation: a European Scleroderma Trials and Research group study

Objectives. Racial factors play a significant role in SSc. We evaluated differences in SSc presentations between white patients (WP), Asian patients (AP) and black patients (BP) and analysed the effects of geographical locations.Methods. SSc characteristics of patients from the EUSTAR cohort were cross-sectionally compared across racial groups using survival and multiple logistic regression analyses.Results. The study included 9162 WP, 341 AP and 181 BP. AP developed the first non-RP feature faster than WP but slower than BP. AP were less frequently anti-centromere (ACA; odds ratio (OR) = 0.4, P < 0.001) and more frequently anti-topoisomerase-I autoantibodies (ATA) positive (OR = 1.2, P = 0.068), while BP were less likely to be ACA and ATA positive than were WP [OR(ACA) = 0.3, P < 0.001; OR(ATA) = 0.5, P = 0.020]. AP had less often (OR = 0.7, P = 0.06) and BP more often (OR = 2.7, P < 0.001) diffuse skin involvement than had WP.AP and BP were more likely to have pulmonary hypertension [OR(AP) = 2.6, P < 0.001; OR(BP) = 2.7, P = 0.03 vs WP] and a reduced forced vital capacity [OR(AP) = 2.5, P < 0.001; OR(BP) = 2.4, P < 0.004] than were WP. AP more often had an impaired diffusing capacity of the lung than had BP and WP [OR(AP vs BP) = 1.9, P = 0.038; OR(AP vs WP) = 2.4, P < 0.001]. After RP onset, AP and BP had a higher hazard to die than had WP [hazard ratio (HR) (AP) = 1.6, P = 0.011; HR(BP) = 2.1, P < 0.001].Conclusion. Compared with WP, and mostly independent of geographical location, AP have a faster and earlier disease onset with high prevalences of ATA, pulmonary hypertension and forced vital capacity impairment and higher mortality. BP had the fastest disease onset, a high prevalence of diffuse skin involvement and nominally the highest mortality