720 research outputs found
Apparatus for electrical measurements of thin films from 77 to 1000 K
A novel method of mounting thin samples for electrical measurements is described. A vacuum chuck holds a mounting plate, which, in turn, holds the sample. Contacts on the mounting plate establish electrical connection to the sample. The attachment of wires directly to the samples is unnecessary. Measurements can be made at temperatures from 77 to 1000 K. As an application of the apparatus, resistivity and Hall measurements of a thin silicon carbide sample are presented
Compensation in epitaxial cubic SiC films
Hall measurements on four n-type cubic SiC films epitaxially grown by chemical vapor deposition on SiC substrates are reported. The temperature dependent carrier concentrations indicate that the samples are highly compensated. Donor ionization energies, E sub D, are less than one half the values previously reported. The values for E sub D and the donor concentration N sub D, combined with results for small bulk platelets with nitrogen donors, suggest the relation E sub D (N sub D) = E sub D(O) - alpha N sub N sup 1/3 for cubic SiC. A curve fit gives alpha is approx 2.6x10/5 meV cm and E sub D (O) approx 48 meV, which is the generally accepted value of E sub D(O) for nitrogen donors in cubic SiC
Systemic Risk Associated with Households in Chile
This paper contributes to our understanding of systemic risk associated with households by presenting a detailed analysis of credit suppliers and users in Chile from 1997 to 2008. It offers the results of an intense effort to collect and harmonize data, followed by a study of this market’s interconnections and underlying risks and an initial assessment of the associated systemic risk. The paper concludes that, though the risk is significant, it is contained, mainly due to aspects of demand and supply and institutional circumstances. Continuous monitoring from both microeconomic and systemic perspectives is important, especially for the Central Bank of Chile.
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Making technological innovation work for sustainable development.
This paper presents insights and action proposals to better harness technological innovation for sustainable development. We begin with three key insights from scholarship and practice. First, technological innovation processes do not follow a set sequence but rather emerge from complex adaptive systems involving many actors and institutions operating simultaneously from local to global scales. Barriers arise at all stages of innovation, from the invention of a technology through its selection, production, adaptation, adoption, and retirement. Second, learning from past efforts to mobilize innovation for sustainable development can be greatly improved through structured cross-sectoral comparisons that recognize the socio-technical nature of innovation systems. Third, current institutions (rules, norms, and incentives) shaping technological innovation are often not aligned toward the goals of sustainable development because impoverished, marginalized, and unborn populations too often lack the economic and political power to shape innovation systems to meet their needs. However, these institutions can be reformed, and many actors have the power to do so through research, advocacy, training, convening, policymaking, and financing. We conclude with three practice-oriented recommendations to further realize the potential of innovation for sustainable development: (i) channels for regularized learning across domains of practice should be established; (ii) measures that systematically take into account the interests of underserved populations throughout the innovation process should be developed; and (iii) institutions should be reformed to reorient innovation systems toward sustainable development and ensure that all innovation stages and scales are considered at the outset
Quantum Lattice Fluctuations and Luminescence in C_60
We consider luminescence in photo-excited neutral C_60 using the
Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model applied to a single C_60 molecule. To calculate the
luminescence we use a collective coordinate method where our collective
coordinate resembles the displacement of the carbon atoms of the Hg(8) phonon
mode and extrapolates between the ground state "dimerisation" and the exciton
polaron. There is good agreement for the existing luminescence peak spacing and
fair agreement for the relative intensity. We predict the existence of further
peaks not yet resolved in experiment. PACS Numbers : 78.65.Hc, 74.70.Kn,
36.90+
Cell wall remodeling mediated by specific PME genes plays a role in grapevine response to Botrytis cinerea
Botrytis cinerea (Bc) is one of the main pathogens affecting the cultivated grapevine. A key role in grapevine tissue colonization is played by cell wall (CW) remodeling driven by CW Modifying Enzymes (CWMEs), expressed both by the host and the pathogen. Their action can impact CW integrity and trigger specific immune signaling, thus influencing Bc infection outcome. To further characterize the role of the CW in the grapevine response to Bc, two contrasting genotypes in their resistance to the fungus were artificially inoculated at full bloom. RNA-seq analysis and biochemical characterization of the CW and its modification in samples collected at 24 hours post-inoculation highlighted significant differences between genotypes. A gene set enrichment analysis indicated several over-represented categories upon infection, with a general down-regulation of those genes related to CW organization and pectin modification, mostly in the resistant genotype. Within the down-regulated CWMEs, Pectin Methyl-Esterase (PME) genes were found highly represented. Unlike, VviPME10 was significantly induced upon infection and was further characterized since its putative ortholog in Arabidopsis was associated with resistance to Bc. VviPME10 promoter hosts several predicted binding sites for VviWRKY3, a defense-associated transcription factor, as highlighted by DAP-seq analysis. This evidence is under confirmation by luciferase assays. In addition, the artificial inoculation with Bc of leaves from six VviPME10 knock-out (KO) edited lines showed significantly larger lesion areas when compared to control plants at 5 dpi. Together, these results suggest that pectin modification, mediated by VviPME10, plays an important role in the grapevine response to Bc
Factorial structure and reliability of the academic satisfaction questionnaire on Chilean medical students
Indexación: Web of Science; Scopus.El presente estudio analiza la estructura factorial y confiabilidad del cuestionario de satisfacción
académica (CSA) en una muestra de 563 estudiantes de medicina, entre 19 y 29 años (media de 20,42);
provenientes de cuatro universidades chilenas. Una vez finalizada la traducción al castellano se exploró
la validez de contenido de los ítems mediante un juicio de expertos. La estructura factorial del cuestionario
se analizó a través de un análisis factorial exploratorio empleando el método Análisis de Ejes
Principales (AEP). Los resultados preliminares de la fiabilidad y validez del instrumento han mostrado
que la estructura de un factor es viable y adecuada de acuerdo a los requisitos psicométricos establecidos,
aunque se recomiendan futuros estudios que evalúen su validez y confiabilidad en otros programas
de pregrado.The present study examines the factorial structure and reliability of the academic satisfaction questionnaire
(CSA) in a sample of 563 medical students, between 19 and 29 years (average of 20.42); from
four Chilean universities. Once translated into Spanish explored the validity of the items content was
evaluated through experts opinions. The factorial structure of the scale was analyzed through an exploratory
factor analysis using the Principal Axis Analysis method (AEP).The preliminary results of the
reliability and validity of the instrument have shown that a factor structure is viable and appropriate
according to the established psychometric requirements, although future studies to evaluate its validity
and reliability in other undergraduate programs are recommended.http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=45964543200
ПРИНЦИП МАКСИМУМА ДЛЯ РАЗНОСТНЫХ СХЕМ С НЕЗНАКОПОСТОЯННЫМИ ВХОДНЫМИ ДАННЫМИ
In this article, for the so-called canonical form of a difference scheme under usual positivity conditions on the equation coefficients two-sided estimates for the approximate solution are obtained at the arbitrary non sigh-constant input data of the problem. The obtained results are used both for deriving two-sided estimates of monotone difference schemes, which approximate the initial boundary-value problem for the quasi-linear parabolic convection-diffusion equation, and for studying the correctness of the Gamma equation that is used for describing the option price in financial mathematics.В настоящей работе для так называемой канонической формы записи разностной схемы общего вида при обычных условиях положительности коэффициентов уравнения получены двусторонние оценки сеточного решения при произвольных незнакопостоянных входных данных задачи. Полученные результаты применяются для получения двусторонних оценок конкретных монотонных разностных схем, аппроксимирующих начально-краевую задачу для квазилинейного параболического уравнения типа конвекции диффузии, а также для исследования корректности Гамма уравнения, используемого при описании опционной цены в финансовой математике
Theory of Superconducting of doped fullerenes
We develop the nonadiabatic polaron theory of superconductivity of
taking into account the polaron band narrowing and realistic
electron-phonon and Coulomb interactions. We argue that the crossover from the
BCS weak-coupling superconductivity to the strong-coupling polaronic and
bipolaronic superconductivity occurs at the BCS coupling constant independent of the adiabatic ratio, and there is nothing ``beyond'' Migdal's
theorem except small polarons for any realistic electron-phonon interaction. By
the use of the polaronic-type function and the ``exact'' diagonalization in the
truncated Hilbert space of vibrons (``phonons'') we calculate the ground state
energy and the electron spectral density of the molecule. This
allows us to describe the photoemission spectrum of in a wide
energy region and determine the electron-phonon interaction. The strongest
coupling is found with the high-frequency pinch mode and with the
Frenkel exciton. We clarify the crucial role of high-frequency bosonic
excitations in doped fullerenes which reduce the bare bandwidth and the Coulomb
repulsion allowing the intermediate and low-frequency phonons to couple two
small polarons in a Cooper pair. The Eliashberg-type equations are solved for
low-frequency phonons. The value of the superconducting , its pressure
dependence and the isotope effect are found to be in a remarkable agreement
with the available experimental data.Comment: 20 pages, Latex, 4 figures available upon reques
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